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Metastatic Lesions (metastatic + lesion)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	97%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Oncology & Radiotherapy	23%
Dermatology	10%
General & Introductory Veterinary Medicine	4%
13 Other Subdomains	40%

Selected Abstracts

Benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: A clinicopathologic puzzle

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 12 2003
Gino Marioni MD
Abstract Background. Pleomorphic adenoma constitutes the most common benign parotid gland tumor. Local recurrence after surgical treatment (lateral or total parotidectomy) has been described in 1% to 5% of cases. Malignant degeneration has been reported in 2% to 9% of cases of pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland origin. Metastasizing pleomorphic adenomas without histologic evidence of malignancy have rarely been reported. Metastatic lesions have been discovered in bone, lymph nodes, the lung, oral cavity, pharynx, skin, liver, retroperitoneum, kidney, calvarium, and central nervous system. To the best of our knowledge, we hereby report the first case of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland metastasizing to the ipsilateral maxilla. Methods. We simultaneously examined apoptosis-related protein expression and markers of cell-proliferation activity in our case of benign pleomorphic adenoma metastasis and compared outcome with a control group of primary parotid pleomorphic adenomas. Results. Analysis of p53, Bcl-2, MIB1, CD 105, p27, and p21 expression did not reveal significant differences between metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland and the control group of primary parotid pleomorphic adenomas. Conclusions. Clinical rather than pathologic evidence seems to justify inclusion of metastasizing salivary pleomorphic adenoma in the group of low-grade malignant salivary tumors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head and Neck 25: 000,000, 2003 [source]

Histochemical evidence of osteoclastic degradation of extracellular matrix in osteolytic metastasis originating from human lung small carcinoma (SBC-5) cells

MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 2 2006
Minqi Li
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of osteoclast migration and the degradation of unmineralized extracellular matrix in an osteolytic metastasis by examining a well-standardized lung cancer metastasis model of nude mice. SBC-5 human lung small carcinoma cells were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of 6-week-old BALB/c nu/nu mice under anesthesia. At 25,30 days after injection, the animals were sacrificed and their femora and/or tibiae were removed for histochemical analyses. Metastatic lesions were shown to occupy a considerable area extending from the metaphyses to the bone marrow region. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAPase)-positive osteoclasts were found in association with an alkaline phosphatase (ALPase)-positive osteoblastic layer lining the bone surface, but could also be localized in the ALPase-negative stromal tissues that border the tumor nodules. These stromal tissues were markedly positive for osteopontin, and contained a significant number of TRAPase-positive osteoclasts expressing immunoreactivity for CD44. We thus speculated that, mediating its affinity for CD44, osteopontin may serve to facilitate osteoclastic migration after their formation associated with ALPase-positive osteoblasts. We next examined the localization of cathepsin K and matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9) in osteoclasts. Osteoclasts adjacent to the bone surfaces were positive for both proteins, whereas those in the stromal tissues in the tumor nests showed only MMP-9 immunoreactivity. Immunoelectron microscopy disclosed the presence of MMP-9 in the Golgi apparatus and in vesicular structures at the baso-lateral cytoplasmic region of the osteoclasts found in the stromal tissue. MMP-9-positive vesicular structures also contained fragmented extracellular materials. Thus, osteoclasts appear to either select an optimized function, namely secreting proteolytic enzymes from ruffled borders during bone resorption, or recognize the surrounding extracellular matrix by mediating osteopontin/CD44 interaction, and internalize the extracellular matrices. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:73,83, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Prognostic and predictive value of HER2/neu oncogene in breast cancer

MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 2 2002
Shahla Masood
Abstract Assessment of HER2/neu oncogene has been used as both a prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer. However, the choice of the best method to assess the status of HER2/neu oncogene in breast cancer tissue remains controversial. A variety of techniques are available to detect HER2/neu gene amplification and overexpression. Tissue-based detection methods by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) offers a clear advantage over other approaches. FISH is a costly and relatively difficult assay and yet appears to be a better predictor of response to Herceptin® (Trastuzumab) therapy and patient outcome. IHC is less expensive and is easier to perform; however, it suffers from a high rate of false negativity and positivity as well as inter-observer variability among pathologists. Suggestions have been made to use IHC as a screening procedure followed by confirmation by FISH in selected cases. Considering the importance of an accurate assessment of HER2/neu oncogene in selecting therapy, a better alternative may be to use FISH as the primary testing for HER2/neu oncogene. Herceptin® therapy is associated with several side effects and is expensive. Thus, in the long term, it may be more cost-effective to use the FISH procedure and reduce the possibility of under-treatment or over-treatment of breast cancer patients. In addition, assessment of HER2/neu oncogene on every newly diagnosed early breast carcinoma may not be necessary. Metastatic lesions, when they occur, can be sampled by fine needle aspiration biopsy or core needle biopsy for assessment of HER2/Neu status. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:102,108, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Disseminated haemangiosarcoma in an Eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii)

AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 9 2000
KB BODLEY
A captive adult male Eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) presented with three palpable subcutaneous masses in November 1998. A diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma was made based on histological examination of one excised mass. Euthanasia of the animal was performed 11 days postsurgery and a proliferative lesion in the paralumbar musculature and similar, smaller proliferative lesions surrounding the right popliteal lymph node and in the ventricular wall of the heart were found. Metastatic lesions were found in the liver and lung. The histological features of the neoplastic tissues supported the diagnosis of a poorly differentiated, disseminated haemangiosarcoma. This is the first reported case of haemangiosarcoma in the Eastern barred bandicoot. [source]

Cutaneous Seeding of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Due to Percutaneous Ethanol Injection and Masquerading as a Pyogenic Granuloma

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2004
Mei-Ching Lee MD
Background. This investigation reports a 68-year-old man with a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed 2 years previously who developed a single, easy-bleeding, pyogenic granuloma (PG)-like lesion on his right upper abdomen, located in the area of previous therapeutic percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for HCC treatment. The lesion developed 3 months after the injection. The tumor was found to be identical to his previous HCC. Objective. To describe a case of cutaneous seeding of HCC during PEI presented as a PG-like lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the literature. Methods. This is a case report and review the literature. Results. Immunostainings for ,-fetoprotein and hepatocyte monoclonal antibody confirmed the diagnosis. Besides, the patient had no other metastatic lesion. Conclusion. This tumor is believed to be caused by cutaneous seeding of HCC during PEI and is simulated clinically as a PG. [source]

Cytologic comparison of a primary parathyroid cancer and its metastatic lesions: A case report

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
I.A.C., Katsuhide Ikeda C.T.
Abstract We describe the fine-needle aspiration cytology features of a primary parathyroid cancer and of the local recurrent and distant metastatic lesions. The presence of prognostic factors Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was compared immunohistochemically between primary parathyroid carcinoma and related metastatic and recurrent foci. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was also performed to investigate any chromosomal abnormality of the parathyroid carcinoma. Cytologic examination of the endocrine tumor showed that it comprised a loose cohesive cluster and tumor cells with granular cytoplasm and mild nuclear atypia, but for purposes of cytodiagnosis, it is difficult to determine whether such a neoplasm is malignant on the basis of morphology alone. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Ki-67 and PCNA labeling indices were higher in the recurrent and metastasized carcinomas than in the primary cancer, suggesting that neoplastic cells become more malignant in the recurrent and metastasized foci. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing not only cytopathologic but also immunocytologic differences between primary parathyroid cancer and the metastatic lesion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:50-55. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Osteosarcoma of the skin

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2010
Sangeetha Larsen PA
Background, Osteosarcoma is a common malignancy, although skin metastasis is rare. We sought to review the incidence, epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis of osteosarcoma with skin involvement. Methods, We conducted a retrospective chart review that covered 30 years and involved clinic patients younger than 18 years who had cutaneous metastases of osteosarcoma. The main outcome measure was histologic documentation of both primary tumor and metastatic lesion in the skin. Results, Two patients were found to have osteosarcoma with skin involvement. No unifying factors were identified. Conclusions, Although osteosarcoma is a common malignancy with frequent metastases, involvement of the skin is rare. Further studies to identify risk factors and subsequent prognosis are necessary. Nevertheless, unidentifiable skin lesions in a patient with a history of osteosarcoma should be investigated to rule out tumor metastasis, regardless of cancer status. [source]

Umbilical metastasis from prostate carcinoma (Sister Mary Joseph's nodule): a case report and review of literature

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2007
Bahram Sina
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule is referred to as metastatic lesion of the umbilicus. Most of the tumors are adenocarcinomas originating from gastroenteric and genital tracts. Only rarely were metastases from other locations reported. We describe here an unusual case of a Sister Mary Joseph's nodule that was metastasized from prostate carcinoma 3 years after radiation therapy. The lesion was the first sign of metastatic disease, and the diagnosis was made on skin biopsy. The patient died of extensive metastases of prostate carcinoma 4 months later. We report this case to extend the list of differential diagnosis for Sister Mary Joseph's nodule in male patients and emphasize the importance of Sister Mary Joseph's nodule as an ominous diagnostic sign. [source]

Clear Cell Hidradenocarcinoma Developing in Pacemaker Pocket

PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 11 2008
CESAR V. REYES M.D.
An octagenerian woman developed clear cell hidradenocarcinoma, a rare neoplasm of eccrine sweat gland origin, 4 years following pacemaker implantation in her right lateral chest. The tumor immunohistochemically mimicked a metastatic lobular breast carcinoma, for example, strongly positive estrogen, weakly positive progesterone, and weakly reactive mammoglobin. A complete surgical excision of the tumor was complemented with ipsilateral dissection of involved adjacent axillary lymph nodes. Recommended irradiation was refused by the patient. Retrospective 3-year mammogram review, 2-year postsurgery follow-up, and complete postmortem evaluation failed to prove a primary breast malignancy or other metastatic lesion elsewhere. [source]

Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with foci of adenocarcinoma containing micropapillary carcinoma in the metastatic lesion of regional lymph nodes

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2007
Naoto Kuroda
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Spontaneous regression of malignant lymphoma of the breast

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2004
Kuniko Iihara
A complete spontaneous regression of diffuse large B cell lymphoma involving the right breast, confirmed by aspiration cytology, is reported. The patient visited a hospital due to the rapid growth of a tumor in the right breast. Five years previously she underwent a craniotomy for a brain tumor, diagnosed as B-cell malignant lymphoma, and received several courses of irradiation to the brain. Analysis of the breast tumor cells obtained by aspiration revealed lymphoma cells morphologically, which were similar to the tumor cells in the brain expressing CD20. While waiting for further examination, the tumor regressed rapidly and was not palpable after 20 days. An excisional biopsy of the breast exhibited no definite malignant lymphoma cells among a diffuse population of CD45RO and CD8-positive small lymphocytes. Nucleotide sequencing of HCDR3s of the brain tumor and breast tumor cells showed a completely matched sequence, revealing the breast mass to be a metastatic lesion from the tumor of the brain. Although there was no tumorous lesion, the patient received additional chemotherapy and has shown no sign of recurrence in the breast for 7 years. We were able to confirm that the breast lymphoma shown in the aspiration cytology was a metastatic one, which was not proven histologically prior to chemotherapy, and regard the present case as a malignant lymphoma of the breast showing spontaneous regression. The present case shows a rare occurrence of spontaneous regression of diffuse large B cell malignant lymphoma after aspiration and suggests that CD8-positive T cells might be related to the regression. [source]

Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2000
Tomoko Okuno
A case of a 74-year-old man with leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein is reported. The patient felt transient chest oppression while playing golf 1 week before he visited a clinic with a common cold. He underwent an ultrasonographic examination of the heart, which showed a mass lesion in the left atrium. The preoperative clinical diagnosis was myxoma of the left atrium. Cardiac surgery revealed the mass to be a leiomyosarcoma, probably extending from the left inferior pulmonary vein. The patient underwent a left lower lobectomy of the lung, and the tumor was confirmed to have originated from the wall of the left inferior pulmonary vein. Although the patient had a metastatic lesion in the right axillary lymph node 11 months later, which was excised, he remained free of disease 14 months after the initial operation. Histologically, the tumors were composed of pleomorphic cells with bizarre nuclei and spindle cells with blunt-ended nuclei with 1,4 mitotic figures in 10 high power fields. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells were positive for , -smooth muscle actin and desmin. We reviewed 17 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein (six males and 11 females with a mean age of 50 years in each group). The present case was the oldest in age and to our knowledge was the first reported case with metastasis in a distant lymph node. [source]

A different pattern of cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition against primary and metastatic tumor cells in a patient with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma

CANCER, Issue 1 2005
Tetsuya So M.D.
Abstract BACKGROUND Lung carcinoma represents the most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide because of tumor metastases. The objective of the current study was to analyze the immunologic response during the progress of lung carcinoma metastasis. METHODS The authors established two tumor cell lines that were derived from primary and metastatic lesions in a patient with lung carcinoma (Patient G603). One cell line (G603L) was established from the primary lesion, and the other cell line (G603AD) was established from a metastatic lesion in the right adrenal gland 7 months after the patient underwent surgery for the primary lesion. Autologous regional lymph node lymphocytes were stimulated with CD80-transfected G603L cells, then cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced against both lung carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS Both G603L cells and G603AD cells expressed Class I human leukocyte antigen, intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1, and lymphocyte-associated antigen type 3 (LFA-3), but not Fas or Fas ligand on their surfaces. By stimulation with CD80-transfected G603L cells, 2 CTL clones (H2/17 and H2/36) were established from the bulk CTLs. CTL clone H2/17 lysed G603L cells but not G603AD cells, suggesting that the antigen recognized by CTL clone H2/17 was abrogated during the process of metastasis. In contrast, CTL clone H2/36 lysed both G603L cells and G603AD cells, indicating that the antigen recognized by CTL clone H2/36 was maintained in the tumor cells throughout tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the possibility that some tumor-associated antigens may be abrogated during the process of metastasis, although others are maintained. The identification of these antigens will lead to a better understanding of their immunologic role during disease progression in patients with lung carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society. [source]

4266: Efficacy of sunitinib in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010
F JMOR
Purpose Almost 50% of uveal melanoma (UM) patients develop metastatic disease, despite successful treatment of the primary tumour. There is currently little in the way of therapeutic options for metastases, which are invariably fatal. Thus, there is interest in adjuvant treatments for high-risk UM patients to treat micro- rather than macro-metastatic disease. Sunitinib is a small molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) (VEGFR, PDGFR, C-KIT, and RET), which play major roles in angiogenesis, tumour growth, and metastasis. Methods In this study we used 4 UM cell lines to (1) examine the expression of sunitinib target RTKs by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence and (2) determine the effects of sunitinib alone or in combination with cisplatin, on proliferation and apoptosis. Results C-KIT was expressed in the Mel270 and 92.1 (primary tumour) but not the Omm2.3 or Omm2.5 (metastatic lesion) cell lines. PDGFR,/, were expressed in differing cell numbers across all cell lines. VEGFR2 was expressed in Mel270's only. VEGFR1 and RET were not expressed in any of the cell lines. A single bolus of Sunitinib (0-1µM) reduced overall cell number in a dose dependent manner compared with untreated cells in all 4 cell lines. This was not due to a significant increase in apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, by day 7 following treatment with sunitinib ,0.5µM, cell numbers had recovered almost to control values. This recovery was significantly reduced when an IC50 dose of sunitinib was used in combination with cisplatin (0-1µg/ml) for each cell line. Conclusion In conclusion, these data demonstrate that a combined therapy of sunitinib and cisplatin can effectively reduce uveal melanoma cell number in vitro. [source]

Cytologic comparison of a primary parathyroid cancer and its metastatic lesions: A case report

Cytologic spectrum of 227 fine-needle aspiration cases of chest-wall lesions

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2001
Amit Goel M.D., D.N.B.
Abstract This study was carried out with the objective of studying the cytomorphology of the wide variety of chest-wall lesions. Two hundred twenty-seven chest-wall lesions were studied over a period of 4 yr. Routine May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) slides were studied along with special stains, whenever required. The malignant lesions comprised 36.13% of all cases (81/227). Of the 126 benign lesions, the majority were inflammatory in nature (68/126), the next commonest lesion being lipoma (38/126). Rare cases of tuberculosis involving the sternum, epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumors involving ribs, malignant nerve sheath tumors involving the chest wall, metastatic carcinoma of the stomach and prostate, and papillary carcinoma thyroid are reported in this series. Histopathology was available in 24 cases, and hematological correlation in one case. A 100% cytohistological and cytohematological correlation was found, with no false positives or false negatives. In conclusion, fine-needle aspiration cytology is a rapid, diagnostic tool, eliciting many interesting lesions in the chest wall. It is useful not only in detecting primary and metastatic lesions, but also in follow-up of tumor recurrence. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:384,388, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Primary lung cancer associated with Werner syndrome

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2010
Shunichiro Ohnishi
A 52-year-old man with Werner Syndrome (WS) was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of skin ulcers on his thighs. Routine chest radiography revealed an abnormal shadow in the left upper lung field. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a poorly demarcated homogeneous mass (diameter, 4 cm) in the S1 + 2 lung area; no pleural effusion was observed. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy revealed the presence of an adenocarcinoma. Other imaging studies did not reveal any lymph-node involvement or presence of metastatic lesions. The patient was diagnosed with stage IB adenocarcinoma (T2N0M0), and a left upper lobectomy was successfully carried out; postoperative wound healing was steady and uneventful, with no obvious ulcer formation. Primary lung cancers very rarely develop in patients with WS; non-epithelial tumors are usually observed in such patients. Patients with WS usually develop severe skin problems, such as refractory skin ulcers in the extremities; however, our patient did not develop any skin-related complications after surgery. As the expected lifespan of patients with WS is increasing, we need to pay attention not only to the rare non-epithelial malignancy, but also cancer. Further, the expected short lifespan of patients with WS, as well as the possibility of skin-related problems after surgery, should not be considered while deciding whether to take the option of surgery in the case of malignancy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2010; 10: 319,323. [source]

Proliferative activity of intrahepatic colorectal metastases after preoperative hemihepatic portal vein embolization

HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
Norihiro Kokudo
Although hemihepatic portal vein embolization (PVE) has been used preoperatively to extend indications for hepatectomy in patients with colorectal metastases, the effects of this procedure on tumor growth and outcome remain controversial. To address this issue, we assessed the proliferative activity of intrahepatic metastases after PVE and the long-term outcome of this procedure. Eighteen patients with colorectal metastases underwent preoperative PVE between 1996 and 2000 (PVE group). Twenty-nine patients who underwent major hepatic resection without PVE served as control (non-PVE group). The hepatic parenchymal fraction of the left lobe had significantly increased from 38.1 ± 3.2% to 45.9 ± 2.9% 3 weeks after PVE (+20.5%, P < .0001). Tumor volume and percent tumor volume had also significantly increased from 223 ± 89 mL to 270 ± 97 mL (+20.8%, P = .016) and from 13.7 + 4.3% to 16.2 + 4.9% (+18.5%, P = .014), respectively. There was no apparent correlation between the increase in parenchymal volume and that in tumor volume. The Ki-67 labeling index of metastatic lesions was 46.6 ± 7.2% in the PVE group and 35.4 ± 12.6% in the non-PVE group (P = .013). Long-term survival was similar in the PVE and non-PVE groups, however, disease-free survival was significantly poorer in the PVE group than in the non-PVE group (P = .004). We conclude that PVE increases tumor growth and probably is associated with enhanced recurrence of disease. Although PVE is effective in extending indications for surgery, patient selection for PVE should be cautious. [source]

Annexin A1 subcellular expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

HISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
V A F Alves
Aims:, Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, moving to membranes when calcium levels are elevated. ANXA1 has also been shown to move to the nucleus or outside the cells, depending on tyrosine-kinase signalling, thus interfering in cytoskeletal organization and cell differentiation, mostly in inflammatory and neoplastic processes. The aim was to investigate subcellular patterns of immunohistochemical expression of ANXA1 in neoplastic and non-neoplastic samples from patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC), to elucidate the role of ANXA1 in laryngeal carcinogenesis. Methods and results:, Serial analysis of gene expression experiments detected reduced expression of ANXA1 gene in LSCC compared with the corresponding non-neoplastic margins. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed ANXA1 low expression in 15 LSCC and eight matched normal samples. Thus, we investigated subcellular patterns of immunohistochemical expression of ANXA1 in 241 paraffin-embedded samples from 95 patients with LSCC. The results showed ANXA1 down-regulation in dysplastic, tumourous and metastatic lesions and provided evidence for the progressive migration of ANXA1 from the nucleus towards the membrane during laryngeal tumorigenesis. Conclusions:, ANXA1 dysregulation was observed early in laryngeal carcinogenesis, in intra-epithelial neoplasms; it was not found related to prognostic parameters, such as nodal metastases. [source]

Pleiotropic function of ezrin in human metastatic melanomas

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2009
Cristina Federici
Abstract The membrane cytoskeleton cross-linker, ezrin, has recently been depicted as a key regulator in the progression and metastasis of several pediatric tumors. Less defined appears the role of ezrin in human adult tumors, especially melanoma. We therefore addressed ezrin involvement in the metastatic phenotype of human adult metastatic melanoma cells. Our results show that cells resected from melanoma metastatic lesions of patients, display marked metastatic spreading capacity in SCID mice organs. Stable transfection of human melanoma cells with an ezrin deletion mutant comprising only 146 N-terminal aminoacids led to the abolishment of metastatic dissemination. In vitro experiments revealed ezrin direct molecular interactions with molecules related to metastatic functions such as CD44, merlin and Lamp-1, consistent with its participation to the formation of phagocitic vacuoles, vesicular sorting and migration capacities of melanoma cells. Moreover, the ezrin fragment capable of binding to CD44 was shorter than that previously reported, and transfection with the ezrin deletion mutant abrogated plasma membrane Lamp-1 recruitment. This study highlights key involvement of ezrin in a complex machinery, which allows metastatic cancer cells to migrate, invade and survive in very unfavorable conditions. Our in vivo and in vitro data reveal that ezrin is the hub of the metastatic behavior also in human adult tumors. © 2009 UICC [source]

Usefulness of single photon emission computed tomography imaging in the detection of lumbar vertebral metastases from prostate cancer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 6 2008
Tetsuo Nozaki
Objective: To determine whether single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is useful in the detection of prostate cancer bone metastases in the lumbar vertebrae. Methods: Thirty-nine patients (12 with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 27 with prostate cancer) were considered and submitted to bone SPECT. All of them had increased uptake in lumbar vertebrae on bone scintigraphy. In those with prostate cancer, definitive diagnosis of bone metastases was established by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SPECT axial images were classified into five accumulation patterns: mosaic, large hot, diffuse, peripheral, and articular (or pediculate). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of bone SPECT were calculated. Results: Overall, 116 vertebral lesions (49 metastatic, 67 degenerative) were studied. Mosaic, large hot and diffuse patterns were more frequently associated with metastatic lesions (84.2%, 70.3%, and 63.1% of the cases, respectively). On the other hand, peripheral and articular (or pediculate) patterns were mostly ascribed to degenerative lesions (100% and 87.5% of the cases, respectively). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of bone SPECT were 95.9% (47/49), 73.1% (49/67), 72.3% (47/65), and 96.1% (49/51), respectively. Conclusions: Bone SPECT provides better accuracy than bone scintigraphy in differential diagnosis of lumbar vertebral lesions from prostate cancer. [source]

Intravenous extended liposarcoma arising from renal sinus

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 8 2007
Mabumi Matsushita
Abstract: Liposarcoma arising from the renal sinus is rare and there have been no reports of intravenous extended liposarcoma of the renal sinus thus far. We report a case of liposarcoma of the renal sinus that extended into the renal venous lumen. A 58-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for an intravascular fatty tumor of the right renal vein incidentally discovered by an abdominal screening ultrasonogram. Computer tomography revealed a fatty tumor extending from the right kidney to the right renal vein with no evidence of metastatic lesions. Total right nephrectomy and extirpation of the intravascular tumor of the right renal vein were carried out. Pathological findings showed well-differentiated liposarcoma of the renal sinus. The tumor invaded to the right renal vein and the renal parenchyma. [source]

Collecting duct carcinoma with long survival treated by partial nephrectomy

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 7 2001
Hiroaki Matsumoto
Abstract A case is reported of collecting duct carcinoma of the left kidney treated with partial nephrectomy. A 57-year-old woman presented for evaluation of the left renal mass, which was detected by screening ultrasonography. A computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a solid mass at the upper pole of the left kidney. The renal tumor biopsy revealed a low-grade renal cell carcinoma or a tubulopapillary adenoma. Subsequently, left partial nephrectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor showed tubulopapillary proliferation with a fibrous capsule. Histochemically, the tumor cells reacted with lectins or antibodies against the collecting duct. Twenty-four months after partial nephrectomy, the patient is alive and has no distant metastatic lesions. We review the literature on collecting duct carcinoma, in addition to the case of partial nephrectomy. [source]

Detection and differential diagnosis of hepatic masses using pulse inversion harmonic imaging during the liver-specific late phase of contrast enhancement with levovist

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 4 2002
Cem Yücel MD
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether late-phase pulse inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) increases conspicuity in hepatic masses, helps to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, and demonstrates a greater number of and smaller metastatic lesions than do conventional (fundamental) sonography and helical CT. Methods Thirty patients (17 women and 13 men; age range, 35,77 years; mean age, 54 years) with known or suspected liver masses were evaluated using both fundamental sonography and contrast-enhanced PIHI during the liver-specific late phase of Levovist. The patients also underwent contrast-enhanced triphasic helical CT examinations within 1 week after sonography. In 4 of the patients, gadolinium-enhanced MRI was also performed as a part of their clinical work-up. Results The increase in the lesions' conspicuity on PIHI compared with fundamental sonography was significantly greater in malignant lesions than in benign lesions (p< 0.001). An echogenic rim was observed on PIHI in 8 (53%) of 15 malignant lesions. The mean number of metastatic lesions visualized on PIHI (5.5 ± 5.3) was significantly higher than the mean number visualized on fundamental sonography (2.5 ± 2.1, p < 0.05). Although lesions as small as 3 mm were observed on PIHI, the mean sizes of the smallest lesions demonstrated using fundamental sonography, PIHI, and helical CT were not significantly different. Conclusions Late-phase PIHI is a useful technique for characterizing hepatic lesions and demonstrating both a greater number of and smaller metastases. It may help to differentiate benign from malignant liver masses and may obviate unnecessary and expensive further imaging. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:203,212, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10053 [source]

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase is not overexpressed in melanocytic lesions

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
Rajendra S. Singh
Background:, Although various studies have stressed the role of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-PI3K-AKT pathway in the progression of melanocytic lesions, little is known about the expression pattern of PI3K in these lesions. Objective:, To investigate the expression pattern of PI3K in benign and dysplastic nevi, primary melanomas, and metastatic melanomas and the role of PTEN and PI3K in melanocytic tumor progression. Methods:, Tissue microarrays were constructed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks from 89 melanocytic lesions: 17 benign nevi, 18 dysplastic nevi, 23 primary melanomas, and 31 metastatic melanomas. Expression of PTEN and PI3K (p85 and p110 subunits) was evaluated immunohistochemically, and the number of cells and labeling intensity were assessed semiquantitatively. Results:, Both benign and dysplastic nevi showed strong cytoplasmic staining with PTEN, which was subsequently less in melanomas and completely lost in the metastatic lesions. Eleven of 17 (64%) benign nevi, seven of 10 (70%) dysplastic nevi, four of 23 (17%) primaries, and one of 31 (3%) visceral or lymph node metastasis showed strong positivity. Loss of PTEN expression from benign and dysplastic nevi to melanoma was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Although few cells showed reactivity for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase)-p85 subunit, strong positivity was not detected in the cytoplasm of benign, malignant, or metastatic lesions, except for a single visceral metastasis. Three of 13 (23%) nevi showed positivity for the p110 subunit. No positivity was observed in the dysplastic nevi. Two of 22 (9%) melanomas, one of 14 (7%) visceral metastasis, and three of 12 (25%) lymph node metastasis showed strong positivity. There was no statistical difference in PI3 kinase expression in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions (p = 0.2). Conclusion:, PI3K is not overexpressed in melanocytic lesions. [source]

Differential expression of E-cadherin in metastatic lesionscomparing to primary oral squamous cell carcinoma

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 10 2006
K.-F. Hung
Background:, The main cause of treatment failure in resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is metastasis. E-cadherin (E-cad) plays a principal role in cell adhesion and motility, and is associated with OSCC progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of E-cad expression in OSCC with lymph node metastasis which had radical neck dissection done. Method:, Immunohistochemistry was used to detect E-cad expression in normal oral mucosa (NOM) (n = 10), oral precancerous lesions (OPLs) (n = 20), primary OSCC (n = 45), and their paired metastatic lesions (n = 45). E-cad immunoreactivity correlated with the clinicopathologic features. Results:, E-cadherin immunoreactivity was progressively reduced in the NOM followed by OPLs and primary OSCC (58%). It decreased significantly in the advanced stages of OSCC. However, the increase in E-cad immunoreactivity was observed in the majority (60%) of metastatic lesions in relation to primary OSCC. Patients with such increased or positive immunoreactivity of E-cad in metastatic lesions exhibited worse prognosis. Conclusion:, The findings suggested a dynamic change in E-cad immunoreactivity during tumorigenesis and metastasis of OSCC. In a multivariate analysis, E-cad immunoreactivity in metastasis lesions (odds ratio 3.74, 95% CI 1.15,14.67; P = 0.040) implied the potential role of mortality predictors for OSCC cases with nodal involvement. [source]

Gemcitabine inhibits viability, growth, and metastasis of osteosarcoma cell lines

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 4 2005
Takashi Ando
Abstract Gemcitabine (dFdCyd) is an analog of cytosine arabinoside with anti-tumor activity in several human cancers. However, the efficacy of this compound in osteosarcoma has not been fully elucidated. Here we assessed the anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine using osteosarcome cell lines. In 9 human osteosarcoma cell lines (G292, HOS, MG63, NY, SaOS, HuO, HuO-3N1, HuO9, HuO9-N2), gemcitabine at the doses of > 100 nM showed significant cytotoxicity. In HOS and MG63 cell lines, gemcitabine inhibited DNA synthesis as determined by IdU labeling assay and induced apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation assay and May-Giemsa staining. In C3H mice inoculated s.c. with a murine osteosarcoma cell line, LM8, treatment of the mice with gemcitabine showed reduced size of the primary tumor associated with increased apoptotic cells and a virtual absence of metastatic lesions in the lung. Gemcitabine thus had anti-tumor activity on osteosarcoma cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. The result would provide a cellular basis for application of gemcitabine to patients with osteosarcoma. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [source]

Outcomes of re-excision after unplanned excisions of soft-tissue sarcomas

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
Mark W. Manoso MD
Abstract Background and Objectives Unplanned excisions of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities occur commonly. Our goal was to evaluate the presence of residual disease, the treatment outcomes as they relate to local and distant recurrence and 5-year survival, and the limb functional outcomes in patients with unplanned sarcoma excision who were treated with re-excision and adjuvant therapy. Methods Between 1993 and 1999, 42 patients presented to our institution after unplanned excision of soft-tissue sarcomas. Of those 42 patients, 38 without gross residual disease or metastatic lesions formed the basis of this review. All 38 patients underwent revision wide excision; most (31) also received adjuvant therapy (radiation and/or chemotherapy). Clinical data were obtained from analysis of patient records and radiographic studies. Univariate analysis was performed with logistical regression, and multivariate analysis was performed with Cox modeling. Results The overall 5-year survival rate was 91.3% and the disease-free 5-year survival rate was 82.2%. Univariate analysis showed that stage-III disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer classification of soft-tissue sarcomas), lesions below the fascia, a histologic high-grade, and the development of organ metastasis were statistically significant factors for mortality. Stage-III disease also was significant for mortality on multivariate analysis. Only stage-III disease was significant for the development of local recurrence. Eighty-four percent of the patients had good to excellent functional outcomes. Conclusions Re-excision with adjuvant therapy proved to be a safe and effective method for treating the disease and preserving limb function. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:153,158. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Cross-Sectional Imaging Characteristics of Pituitary Adenomas, Invasive Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas in Dogs: 33 Cases (1988,2006)

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010
Rachel E. Pollard
Background: Pituitary tumors in dogs can be adenomas, invasive adenomas, or adenocarcinomas. In people, invasive adenomas and pituitary adenocarcinomas carry a worse prognosis than adenomas. Hypothesis/Objective: To identify differentiating features on cross-sectional imaging in dogs with pituitary adenomas, invasive adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. Animals: Thirty-three dogs that had computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed and a necropsy diagnosis of pituitary adenoma (n= 20), invasive adenoma (n= 11), or adenocarcinoma (n= 2). Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for signalment, history, and diagnosis. CT and MR images were reviewed for characteristics of pituitary tumors. Results: Mean (± standard deviation) age for dogs with pituitary adenomas (10.6 ± 2.9 years) was greater than that of those with invasive adenomas (8.3 ± 2.7 years, P= .04). Eighteen out of 20 (90%) dogs with adenomas had contrast-enhancing masses. Thirteen out of 20 (65%) had homogeneous enhancement. Mean adenoma height was 1.2 ± 0.7 cm. Eight out of 20 (40%) adenomas were round and 8/20 (40%) compressed surrounding brain. Eleven out of 11 dogs (100%) with invasive adenomas had contrast-enhancing masses. Seven out of 11 (64%) masses were homogeneous. Mean invasive adenoma height was 1.8 ± 0.7 cm, which was significantly greater than adenomas (P= .03). Mass shape varied from round to oval to irregular. Six out of 11 (55%) masses compressed surrounding brain. Clinical and imaging features were variable for 2 dogs with adenocarcinomas. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Invasive adenoma should be suspected if a dog with a pituitary tumor is <7.7 years of age and has a mass >1.9 cm in vertical height. Adenocarcinomas are uncommon and metastatic lesions were not seen with imaging. [source]

Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to central nervous system hemangioblastoma in two patients with von Hippel,Lindau disease

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 12 2001
Shuji Hamazaki
Here we report tumor-to-tumor metastases identified in two patients with von Hippel,Lindau (VHL) disease. The first patient had bilateral renal carcinomas and multiple cerebellar hemangioblastomas, and the second patient had a renal carcinoma and multiple hemangioblastomas in the retina, cerebellum and spinal cord. A cerebellar lesion from the first patient and a spinal lesion from the second patient contained two distinct components. The inner part of these tumors consisted of a nested mass of polygonal clear cells that expressed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, while the outer part of the tumors showed proliferation of capillaries and intervening foamy stromal cells that were negative for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. The tumors were thus considered to be hemangioblastomas complicated by metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type. These cases indicate that tumor-to-tumor metastasis should be considered when hemangioblastoma contains a clear cell carcinoma component in the setting of VHL disease, and that immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen is useful for the diagnosis. [source]