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Memory Phenomenon (memory + phenomenon)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Psychology	50%

Selected Abstracts

Baddeley revisited: The functional approach to autobiographical memory

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2009
Susan Bluck
In Baddeley's (1988) classic article he challenged researchers to take a functional approach by asking, for their phenomenon of interest, "but what the hell is it for?" In twenty years, how far has the field advanced in addressing this question, particularly in examining the functions of autobiographical memory? This introductory article provides an overview of the functional approach. Next, eight core articles appear, each framed to address Baddeley's question. The core articles are written by experts on distinct empirically established autobiographical memory phenomena: each presents a synopsis of current research in their area and then examines the function that their specific autobiographical memory phenomenon serves in human activity and adaptation. The issue ends with two commentaries by scholars who provide analyses of the functional approach from unique perspectives. Revisiting Baddeley provides an opportunity for a current discussion of the strengths and challenges of taking a functional approach to autobiographical memory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Metabolic memory puzzle and progression of diabetic retinopathy

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2008
R KOWLURU
Purpose Retinopathy is one of the most feared complications of diabetes. Good glycemic control can inhibit its development, but the effects of good glycemic control on the progression of retinopathy are not immediate. Diabetic patients may take years after re-establishment of good glycemic control to show signs of arrest of its progression. Further, good glycemic control after a profound period of poor glycemic control does not immediately benefit the progression of retinopathy, and the imprinted effects of prior glycemic control produce the long lasting benefits of good glycemic control, thus suggesting a ,metabolic memory' phenomenon. Results Animal models of diabetic retinopathy, including dogs and rats, have duplicated this metabolic memory phenomenon. In rats, histopathology associated with diabetic retinopathy does not stop for at least six months when good glycemic control is initiated six months after induction of diabetes. Increase in retinal oxidative stress and peroxynitrite levels and activation of apoptosis execution enzyme-caspase-3 resist reversal after re-institution of good glycemic control. Hyperglycemia-induced inactivation of retinal glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase that is postulated to activate some of the key pathways associated with the development of diabetic complications remains inactive and covalently modified, and pro-inflammatory markers elevated. Conclusion This suggests that the process of metabolic memory is complex, and multiple pathways contribute to this resistance of diabetic retinopathy to arrest. Understanding the mechanism responsible for the tendency of diabetic retinopathy to progress after reestablishment of good glycemic control should help reveal targets for therapies to prevent its progression. [source]

False and Recovered Memories in the Laboratory and Clinic: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2004
David H. Gleaves
We review the clinical and laboratory evidence for recovered and false memories. Available data suggest that, at least under certain circumstances, both false and recovered memories may occur. We suggest that the critical questions are: (a) how common is each type of memory phenomenon, (b) what factors lead to the occurrence of each (including under what conditions are each possible and/or likely to occur), and perhaps most importantly, (c) can these two types of memories be distinguished from each other? We describe laboratory analogues for both types of experiences and describe an empirical research protocol that can not only demonstrate both phenomena but also compare the two. Such comparisons can help to determine the causes of these phenomena, discover factors that influence the two, and hopefully reveal signature variables that could provide telltale signs differentiating false and recovered memories. [source]