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Selected AbstractsNatural vegetable fats in the prevention of irritant contact dermatitisCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2002S. Schliemann-Willers Chronic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is one of the most pressing problems in occupational medicine and is common in the food processing industry. To date, protective creams that fulfil the special requirements in the foodstuffs industry have not been available. Therefore, we studied the efficacy of pre-exposure application of natural vegetable fats in the prevention of experimentally induced ICD. A panel of 20 healthy volunteers was tested with a repetitive irritation test using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a standard irritant in a randomized study. Application sites were assessed clinically and by the use of bioengineering techniques (evaporimetry, chromametry, and corneometry). Rape seed and palm fats showed significant protective potential. Gas-chromatographic analysis revealed differences in the fatty acid composition of the vegetable. Higher content of linoleic acid and lower content of oleic acid was associated with beneficial effects. Our results are a new approach in the prevention of ICD and towards the development of new protective preparations for workplaces in the foodstuffs industry. [source] Uptake, translocation and bioavailability of imidacloprid in several hop varietiesPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 5 2004Lars Weichel Abstract The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid is the most important insecticide in hop cultivation in Germany. A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate its systemic properties and translaminar bioavailability in hop leaves. Radiolabelled [methylene - 14C]imidacloprid was applied either alone or in combination with different additives onto leaves of several hop varieties. Uptake and translocation were evaluated 1 and 7 days after foliar application under greenhouse conditions. The uptake of imidacloprid into hop leaves was most pronounced in the first 24 h after application and only negligible amounts were taken up after this period. Significant differences in the quantitative uptake occurred when imidacloprid was combined with additives, such as Amulsol, Genapol C-100, Hasten and LI 700. The uptake of imidacloprid applied without additives was less than 10% 7 days after application, whereas the combination with LI 700 provided 70,80% uptake. Genapol C-100 and Amulsol induced considerable phytotoxicity at the application site. Comparing hop varieties revealed differences up to twofold in foliar penetration of imidacloprid. The translaminar and acropetal bioavailability of imidacloprid foliarly applied to hop leaves was determined by a laboratory bioassay using the damson hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank). Significantly higher mortality was observed with laboratory formulations containing imidacloprid and the additive LI700. In contrast to these results from systemic tests, contact mortality at the application site was constantly high over the testing period of 7 days, highlighting the importance of this mode of entry for aphid intoxication. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] PEP005 (ingenol mebutate) gel for the topical treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: Results of a randomized phase IIa trialAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Greg Siller ABSTRACT Objectives:, To evaluate the safety of two applications of PEP005 (ingenol mebutate) gel in superficial basal cell carcinoma. Efficacy was a secondary end-point. Methods:, Randomized, vehicle-controlled, phase IIa study conducted at eight private dermatology clinics in Australia. A total of 60 patients with histologically confirmed superficial basal cell carcinoma (lesion size, 4,15 mm) were randomized to treatment on days 1 and 2 (Arm A) or days 1 and 8 (Arm B) and, within each arm, to ingenol mebutate gel, 0.0025%, 0.01% or 0.05%, or vehicle gel. The main outcome measures were the incidence and severity of adverse events and local skin responses in Arms A and B; lesion clearance at day 85 was a secondary measure. Results:, The incidence of adverse events was low. One patient treated with ingenol mebutate gel, 0.05% in Arm A experienced severe flaking/scaling/dryness extending beyond the application site. Non-severe, potentially treatment-related events included erythema extending beyond the application site, application-site pain and headache in two patients each. Six patients in Arm A had one or more severe local skin responses. Efficacy appeared to be dose-related and there was a trend towards higher clinical and histological lesion clearance rates in Arm A compared with Arm B. Histological clearance occurred in five of eight patients (63%) randomized to ingenol mebutate gel, 0.05% in Arm A. Conclusions:, Two applications of ingenol mebutate gel, 0.05%, are safe and have efficacy in patients with superficial basal cell carcinoma. [source] Topical aminolaevulinic acid- and aminolaevulinic acid methyl ester-based photodynamic therapy with red and violet light: influence of wavelength on pain and erythemaBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2009P. Mikolajewska Summary Background, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the combination of an exogenously administered precursor of photosensitizer [protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)] synthesis and exposure to light. Choosing the optimal wavelength is important. Red light penetrates deeper into tissue, while violet light is more efficient in activating PpIX but does not penetrate so deeply. Objectives, We studied PpIX formation and the PDT effect after application to human skin of creams containing aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and aminolaevulinic acid methyl ester (MAL). The aim of the study was to investigate whether the wavelength of the light used has an influence on pain sensations during topical PDT with the different prodrugs. Methods, ALA cream (10%) and MAL cream (10%) were topically applied on the skin of 10 healthy volunteers. After 24 h the application site was exposed to 8 mW cm,2 violet laser or to 100 mW cm,2 red laser light. The erythema index was monitored up to 24 h after light exposure. For the first time the pain during topical ALA- and MAL-PDT was assessed by measuring the time taken for pain to occur. Also, for the first time, the intensities of the light sources were calibrated so as to have the same relative quantum efficiency. Results, The pain sensation during ALA-PDT with red light came 22 s sooner than during ALA-PDT with violet light, which is statistically significant (P < 0·05). Moreover, ALA-PDT with red light gave stronger and more persistent erythema than ALA-PDT with violet light. ALA induced about three times more PpIX than MAL. No statistically significant differences were found for erythema, or for the time for pain to occur, in the case of MAL-PDT with red vs. violet light. Conclusions, Topical ALA-PDT with violet light allows longer exposure times before pain is induced and gives less erythema as compared with topical ALA-PDT with red light. [source] A national study on the residential impact of biological aerosols from the land application of biosolidsJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005J.P. Brooks Abstract Aims:, The purpose of this study was to evaluate the community risk of infection from bioaerosols to residents living near biosolids land application sites. Methods and Results:, Approximately 350 aerosol samples from 10 sites located throughout the USA were collected via the use of six SKC Biosamplers®. Downwind aerosol samples from biosolids loading, unloading, land application and background operations were collected from all sites. All samples were analysed for the presence of HPC bacteria, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, coliphage, enteroviruses, hepatitis A virus and norovirus. Total coliforms, E. coli, C. perfringens and coliphage were not detected with great frequency from any sites, however, biosolids loading operations resulted in the largest concentrations of these aerosolized microbial indicators. Microbial risk analyses were conducted on loading and land application operations and their subsequent residential exposures determined. Conclusions:, The greatest annual risks of infection occurred during loading operations, and resulted in a 4 × 10,4 chance of infection from inhalation of coxsackievirus A21. Land application of biosolids resulted in risks that were <2 × 10,4 from inhalation of coxsackievirus A21. Overall bioaerosol exposure from biosolids operations poses little community risk based on this study. Significance and Impact of the Study:, This study evaluated the overall incidence of aerosolized micro-organisms from the land application of biosolids and subsequently determined that microbial risks of infection were low for residents close to biosolids application sites. [source] Distribution of Langerhans cells and mast cells within the human oral mucosa: new application sites of allergens in sublingual immunotherapy?ALLERGY, Issue 6 2008J.-P. Allam Background:, Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) represents an alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy. While antigen-presenting cells such as Langerhans cells (LCs) are thought to contribute to the effectiveness of SLIT, mast cells (MCs) most likely account for adverse reactions such as sublingual edema. As little is known about LCs and MCs within the oral cavity, we investigated their distribution in search for mucosal sites with highest LCs and lowest MCs density. Methods:, Biopsies were taken simultaneously from human vestibulum, bucca, palatum, lingua, sublingua, gingiva, and skin. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to detect MCs, LCs and high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc,RI) expression of LCs. Mixed lymphocyte reactions were performed to assess their stimulatory capacity. Results:, Highest density of MCs was detected within the gingiva, while the lowest density of MCs was found within the palatum and lingua. However, sublingual MCs were located within glands, which might explain swelling of sublingual caruncle in some SLIT patients. Highest density of LCs was detected within the vestibular region with lowest density in sublingual region. Highest expression of Fc,RI was detected on LCs within the vestibulum. Furthermore LCs from different regions displayed similar stimulatory capacity towards allogeneic T cells. Conclusions:, In view of our data, different mucosal regions such as the vestibulum might represent alternative SLIT application sites with potent allergen uptake. Our data might serve as a basis for new application strategies for SLIT to enhance efficiency and reduce local adverse reactions. [source] Use of the GlucoWatch® biographer in children and adolescents with diabetesPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 3 2002Richard C. Eastman Abstract: Objective:, This study was done to evaluate the accuracy and safety of measuring glucose with the GlucoWatch® biographer in children and adolescents with diabetes. Methods:, Accuracy was assessed by comparing biographer glucose measurements with hourly blood glucose measurements using the HemoCue (Aktiebolaget Leo, Helsingborg, Sweden) Photometer for up to 12 h of monitoring. Safety was evaluated by examining the biographer application sites immediately upon removal of the devices, and then at regular intervals. Results: Sixty-six subjects each wore three biographers at sites including the forearm, upper arm, leg, and torso. For forearm biographers, the mean absolute relative difference between biographer readings and blood glucose was 21%. Ninety-five per cent of biographer readings fell into the A or B regions of the Clarke error grid, and 97.3% into the A or B regions of the consensus error grid. Data from biographers worn at the alternative sites were similar to data from the forearm biographers. Two strong reactions to the adhesive pad of the biographer AutoSensor were observed. Most skin reactions were mild. Conclusions:, The GlucoWatch biographer is well tolerated by children and adolescents with diabetes. Performance is similar when the device is worn at different anatomical sites, and is similar to the performance on the forearm, previously reported in adults. [source] Psoriasis induced by topical imiquimodAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Jason K Wu SUMMARY We report the provocation of localized psoriasis at the sites of application of topical imiquimod, possibly evolving into a generalized flare. A patient with pre-existing psoriasis that had been stable for 14 years was treated with imiquimod 5% cream daily for 6 weeks to three superficial basal cell carcinomas. During treatment one of the lesions developed severe local skin reactions necessitating rest periods, and received only 18 applications in 6 weeks. The other two lesions were treated for all 42 days. Psoriasiform changes developed at all three application sites. Nine-and-a-half weeks after completing treatment the patient developed disseminated small psoriatic lesions. Other recognized triggers of psoriasis were not identified. The psoriasis resolved slowly with conventional treatment. [source] | ||||||||||