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Medium Effects (medium + effects)
Selected AbstractsInvestigation of the Pronounced Medium Effects Observed in the Voltammetry of the Highly Charged Lacunary Anions [,-SiW11O39]8- and [,-PW11O39]7- .CHEMINFORM, Issue 2 2007Si-Xuan Guo Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for binge eating disorderINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2010Silja Vocks PhD Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compute and compare mean effects of various treatments for binge eating disorder. Method: A total of 38 studies with 1973 participants fulfilled the defined inclusion criteria. Effect sizes, odds ratios, and simple rates were integrated in fixed and random (mixed) effects categorical models. Results: From randomized controlled trials, psychotherapy and structured self-help, both based on cognitive behavioral interventions, were found to have large effects on the reduction of binge eating. Regarding pharmacotherapy, mainly comprising antidepressants, randomized controlled trials revealed medium effects for the reduction of binge eating. Uncontrolled studies on weight-loss treatments demonstrated moderate reductions of binge eating. Combination treatments did not result in higher effects compared with single-treatment regimens. Except for weight-loss treatment, none of the interventions resulted in a considerable weight reduction. Discussion: Psychotherapy and structured self-help, both based on cognitive-behavioral interventions, should be recommended as the first-line treatments. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010 [source] ,-Crustacyanin, the blue,purple carotenoprotein of lobster carapace: consideration of the bathochromic shift of the protein-bound astaxanthinACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 8 2003P. F. Zagalsky The crystal structure of a ,-crustacyanin allows an analysis of the various proposals for the mechanism of the bathochromic shift from orange to purple,blue of astaxanthin in this lobster carotenoprotein. Structural and previous chemical and biophysical studies suggest that extension of conjugation by coplanarization of the ,-ionone rings with the polyene chain and polarization resulting from hydrogen bonding at the C(4) and C(4,) keto groups may be mainly responsible for the bathochromic shift. Additional contributions may arise from medium effects and possibly from bowing of the polyene chain on binding. Previous biophysical data revealing a somewhat symmetrical polarization of astaxanthin in crustacyanin are thereby also accounted for. A puzzling feature remains unexplained: the bathochromic shifts, larger than that of astaxanthin, shown by some cyclopentenedione carotenoids in reconstituted carotenoproteins. This mini review enlarges on the original analysis and conclusions of Cianci et al. [(2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 9795,9800]. [source] Mothers' intentions to introduce their adolescent to alcohol use: does mothers' alcohol use effect intentions?AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2010Rachel Roberts Abstract Objective: To assess mothers' intentions to introduce their adolescent to alcohol and to examine whether their own alcohol use influences their intentions. Methods: Mothers (N = 161) of children aged 12.5 years (SD = 0.8) completed measures of their alcohol use and their intentions and attitudes towards their children beginning to drink alcohol. Results: Overall, 68% of mothers reported that parents should introduce their children to alcohol at home before they reach the age of 18, (in contrast with NHMRC guidelines, which recommend delaying alcohol use until age 18). While there were some statistically significant differences in mothers' intentions and beliefs according to their own alcohol use, these were small or medium effects, and tended to be differences in degree rather than in kind and not likely to be of practical importance. Conclusions and implications: Introducing their children to the use of alcohol is a role mothers see as important, and one they generally felt sufficiently equipped to carry out. Mothers' intentions to initiate their children into alcohol use were remarkably similar despite differences in mothers' own alcohol use. This suggests that approaches to education and guidance for parents are unlikely to need to take mothers' alcohol use into account when planning ways to support parents in this aspect of their role, at least for mothers of early adolescents. [source] On Utopias and Dystopias: Toward an Understanding of the Discourse Surrounding the InternetJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 2 2001Dana R. Fisher It is clear that the Internet has the capacity to change how individuals interact with others as well as increase access to information. Whether either one of these factors affects the social landscape has yet to be determined. This fact has not kept many from anticipating the effects of the technology on society. In this paper, we contextualize some of the main issues of discussion regarding the Internet, describing these positions in terms of utopian and dystopian perspectives. By resurrecting William Ogburn's theory of the cultural lag (1964), we present a framework for understanding the extreme responses to the technology. The lag suggests that the effects of a technology will not be apparent to social actors for some time after it is introduced to a society. As such, much of the discourse concerning the Internet is ideologically charged, filled as much with the hopes and fears of individual authors as with the reality of the medium's effects. [source] | ||||||||||