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Mediators
Kinds of Mediators Terms modified by Mediators Selected Abstracts[Commentary] META-ANALYSES AND THE SEARCH FOR SPECIFIC AND COMMON MEDIATORS OF SUBSTANCE MISUSE INTERVENTION EFFECTSADDICTION, Issue 5 2009JOHN W. FINNEY No abstract is available for this article. [source] CYTOKINES AND INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORSINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, Issue 2006Article first published online: 6 JUL 200 First page of article [source] Poly(neutral red): Electrosynthesis, Characterization, and Application as a Redox MediatorELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 12 2008Rasa Pauliukaite Abstract The synthesis by electropolymerization, the characterization, and applications of poly(neutral red) (PNR), including as a redox mediator, are reviewed. PNR's high electrical conductivity and its redox characteristics have led to special applications of the polymer, and it has been used for the development of electrochemical and optical sensors. Moreover, the attractive properties of PNR allow it to be applied in the development of electrochemical biosensors. Future perspectives are indicated. [source] Conductive Organic Complex Salt TTF-TCNQ as a Mediator for Biosensors.ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 24 2007An Overview Abstract Preparation and application of a conductive organic salt complex of tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) for analytical bioelectrochemistry as a mediator is overviewed in this work. The third-generation biosensors based on this charge transfer salt are very promising for biosensors applied in vivo. Such mediated biosensors have been studied mainly for glucose determination, but at present other substrates are being applied in this system more and more often. [source] Never Leave Yourself: Ethnopsychology As Mediator of Psychological Globalization among Belizean SchoolgirlsETHOS, Issue 1 2003Eileen P. Andepson-Fye How do transnational ideas and images become psychologically salient to youth in local communities? Based on five years of fieldwork among high school girls in a rapidly changing Belizean community, this article investigates how some transcultural symbolic material (e.g., gender-based maltreatment) becomes psychologically salient in a given society and yet other constructs (e.g., thin body image) can pass by with relatively few consequences in an increasingly transnational world. The ethnopsychological practice of self-protection among young Belizean women, which girls describe as "Never Leave Yourself, " mediates how girls make sense of and incorporate transnational concepts into their lived experience. The current material realities and particular historic moment in Belize also influence variations in how transnational concepts are incorporated. [source] From Calvin to Gillespie on Covenant: Mythological Excess or an Exercise in Doctrinal Development?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 4 2009CARL TRUEMAN Much of the discussion about the development of Reformed theology in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has focused on the elaboration of the covenantal understanding of theology. While the covenant of works has received much attention, the covenant of redemption, a term which emerges in the middle of the seventeenth century, has been comparatively neglected and, when referenced at all, has tended to be dismissed as a highly speculative addition to Reformed theology, a piece of mythology, as Barth famously quipped. In fact, a close examination of the concerns underlying the doctrine, particularly those touching on the Reformed emphasis on Christ as Mediator according to his person (and thus both natures) indicates that this later development stands in positive relation to the earlier work of Calvin and company; and a close examination of the work of its major exponent, Patrick Gillespie, also indicates that it is a great example of how later Reformed theology did not abandon the earlier Protestant concern for connecting exegesis to doctrinal synthesis. [source] Making the Punishment Fit the Crime and the Criminal: Attributions of Dangerousness as a Mediator of Liability,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2000Catherine A. Sanderson This research examines how individuals use information regarding characteristics of crimes (e. g., crime severity) and characteristics of the offender (e. g, prior criminal record) to form an impression of the criminal as dangerous to society, and to make liability judgments. Two studies presented college students and community members with crime scenarios and asked for ratings of crime severity, likelihood of recidivism, perceived dangerousness of the offender, and liability. Type of crime, severity. and likelihood of recidivism significantly predicted both liability and perceived dangerousness. Further more, in crimes against people only, the effects of severity and recidivism on liability were partially mediated by individuals' perceptions of the offender as criminally dangerous. The discussion examines the implications of these findings for attribution theory and sentencing in the criminal-justice system. [source] Angiotensin II Is a Critical Mediator of Prazosin-Induced Angiogenesis in Skeletal MuscleMICROCIRCULATION, Issue 6 2007Matthew C. Petersen ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a high-salt diet modulates physiological angiogenesis in skeletal muscle by altering angiotensin II (ANGII) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a control diet (0.4% NaCl by weight) or high-salt diet (4.0% NaCl) prior to treatment with the vasodilator prazosin in the drinking water. In addition, a group of animals fed high salt were infused intravenously with ANGII at a low dose to prevent ANGII suppression by high salt, and a group of rats fed control diet were treated with the angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptor blocker losartan and prazosin. Results: Prazosin induced significant angiogenesis in the tibialis anterior muscle after 1 week of treatment. High-salt-fed rats demonstrated a complete inhibition of this angiogenic response. Maintenance of ANGII levels restored prazosin-induced angiogenesis in animals fed a high-salt diet. In addition, losartan treatment blocked prazosin-induced angiogenesis in animals on a control diet. Western blot analysis indicated that prazosin-induced angiogenesis was independent of changes in muscle levels of VEGF. Conclusions: This study demonstrates an inhibitory effect of high salt intake on prazosin-induced angiogenesis. Further, these results indicate that ANGII acting through the AT1 receptor is a critical pathway in this model of angiogenesis. [source] CPR will be honored next month at a Los Angeles dinnerALTERNATIVES TO THE HIGH COST OF LITIGATION, Issue 4 2009Russ Bleemer The CPR Institute will be honored in Los Angeles next month. Also, highlights and a list of supporters from CPR's Annual Meeting; a franchise committee meeting report focuses on a new mediation guidebook, and the Master Mediator goes online, with CLE credits. [source] Confessions of a Public Dispute MediatorNEGOTIATION JOURNAL, Issue 2 2000Lawrence E. Susskind First page of article [source] Bringing Peace into the Room: The Personal Qualities of the Mediator and Their Impact on the MediationNEGOTIATION JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000Daniel Bowling The training and development of mediators has focused primarily on enhancing mediators' technical skills and increasing their understanding of the theory behind the practice of mediation. This article focuses on a third aspect of the development of mediators , namely, their personal characteristics. The authors contend that a mediator's "presence", more a function of who the mediator is than what he or she does , has a profound impact on the mediation process. Drawing on analogies from research in the physical and social sciences, the article suggests that the most subtle influences of the mediator's affect and manner may in fact be powerful influences in helping the mediator "bring peace into the room." [source] Emotion Regulation as a Mediator of the Relation Between Emotion Socialization and Deliberate Self-HarmAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 4 2009Kelly E. Buckholdt MS This study examined (a) whether retrospective reports of specific parent responses to sadness (i.e., reward, punishment, neglect, override, magnification) were related to deliberate self-harm (DSH) and (b) whether difficulties regulating emotions (i.e., difficulties monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotions) mediated those relations. One hundred eighteen college students completed measures of parental emotion socialization, emotion regulation difficulties, and DSH. Parental reward and override of sadness were directly related to lower DSH scores. Parental punishment and neglect of sadness were related to higher DSH scores, and these associations were mediated by difficulties evaluating emotions. In other words, parental punishment and neglect of sadness may place individuals at risk for DSH by fostering negative evaluations of emotional experiences and the belief that nothing can be done to effectively manage emotions. [source] An Evaluation of Hsp90 as a Mediator of Cortical Patterning in TetrahymenaTHE JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001JOSEPH FRANKEL ABSTRACT. This study asks two questions: 1) whether Hsp90 is involved in the regulation of cortical patterning in Tetrahymena, and 2) if it is, whether specific defects in this regulation can be attributed to functional insufficiency of the Hsp90 molecule. To address question I, we compared the effects of a specific inhibitor of Hsp90, geldanamycin, on population growth and on development of the oral apparatus in two Tetrahymena species, T. pyriformis and T. thermophila. We observed that geldanamycin inhibits population growth in both species at very low concentrations, and that it has far more severe effects on oral patterning in T. pyriformis than in T. thermophila. These effects are parallel to those of high temperature in the same two species, and provide a tentative affirmative answer to the first question. To address question 2, we ascertained the base sequence of the genes that encode the Hsp90 molecules which are induced at high temperatures in both Tetrahymena species, as well as corresponding sequences in Paramecium tetraurelia. Extensive comparative analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences of the Hsp90 molecules of the two Tetrahymena species indicate that on the basis of what we currently know about Hsp90 both proteins are equally likely to be functional. Phylogenetic analyses of Hsp90 amino acid sequences indicate that the two Tetrahymena Hsp90 molecules have undergone a similar number of amino acid substitutions from their most recent common ancestor, with none of these corresponding to any known functionally critical region of the molecule. Thus there is no evidence that the Hsp90 molecule of T. pyriformis is functionally impaired; the flaw in the control of cortical patterning is more likely to be caused by defects in mechanism(s) that mediate the response to Hsp90, as would be expected from the "Hsp90 capacitor" model of Rutherford and Lindquist. [source] Catalytic and Surface-Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by Redox Mediator,Catalyst Assemblies,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 50 2009Javier Alles in einem bieten die Assoziate aus ,Single-Site"-Wasseroxidationskatalysatoren (rot und blau) und Redoxvermittlern (grün und blau), die , sowohl in Lösung als auch über Phosphonatlinker an Metalloxidoberflächen gebunden , als stabile, robuste Katalysatoren für die Wasseroxidation wirken. Mehr als 28,000 Umsätze wurden mit einer Ladungseffizienz >95,% für die Sauerstoffproduktion ohne Abnahme der katalytischen Aktivität erreicht. [source] Situated Learning for an Innovation Economy: E-Commerce and Technology as a Mediator for Rural High School Students' Sense of Mastery and Self-EfficacyANTHROPOLOGY OF WORK REVIEW, Issue 2 2005Karen L. Michaelson Abstract Practitioners focusing on technology and workforce development reference the need to prepare individuals for an Innovation Economy. Yet innovation is socially constructed, as much social as it is technical. Observation of 160 high school students from very rural schools participating in a school-based e-commerce curriculum indicates that there are knowledge sets acquired through carefully constructed experiential learning that foster a context for innovation. This counters factors in the traditional education/workforce development system that impede the development of innovators, including a narrows skills-based focus and the demonization of failure. Situating innovation in historical context and in the lived experience of individual networks helps to understand the innovation process and provides a framework for the development of effective educational experiences. [source] Dietary Planning as a Mediator of the Intention,Behavior Relation: An Experimental-Causal-Chain DesignAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2008Tabea Reuter Health behavior change is seen as a self-regulatory process that consists of a motivation phase of goal setting and a volition phase of goal pursuit. Previous studies suggest that the intention,behavior association is mediated by planning. However, evidence is based on observational studies rather than on experimental designs. To validate the causal assumptions, an experimental-causal-chain design was employed. Study 1 (n= 145) examined whether changing dietary intentions by a motivational intervention engenders changes in planning activities 1 month later. Study 2 (n= 115) examined, in a different sample, whether a volitional planning intervention engenders changes in dietary behavior 1 month later. In both studies, repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a significant Time × Condition interaction. Changes in intention mediated the effects of the motivational intervention on planning activities (Study 1). Changes in planning mediated the effect of a planning intervention on dietary behavior (Study 2). Previous observational findings on planning as a mediator in the intention,behavior association were supported by the two experiments. The findings might help to identify points of intervention in the process underlying health behavior change. Le changement de comportement au plan de la santé est considéré comme un processus d'auto-régulation qui se compose d'une phase de motivation (fixation des buts) et d'une phase de volition (poursuite des buts). Des études précédentes suggèrent que le passage de l'intention au comportement est médiatisé par la planification. Ces résultats sont obtenus par voie d'observations plutôt que par expérimentations. Pour valider les hypothèses de causalité, un modèle de chaîne-causale-expérimentale a été employé. L'étude 1 examine si, en changeant les intentions alimentaires par une intervention motivationnelle, on obtient des changements dans la planification des activités un mois après (n= 145). L'étude 2 examine, sur un échantillon différent, si la planification d'une intervention engendre des changements du comportement alimentaire un mois plus tard (n= 115). Pour ces deux études, des ANOVA à mesures répétées révèlent une interaction significative entre le temps et la condition étudiée. Les changements de l'intention influencent les effets de l'intervention motivationnelle sur la planification des activités (étude 1). Les changements de la planification influencent les effets de l'intervention de la volition sur le comportement alimentaire (Etude 2). Les résultats obtenus par observation sur la planification comme lien entre l'intention et le comportement sont confirmés par les expérimentations. Les résultats peuvent permettre d'identifier les modalités d'interventions relatives au processus sous-tendant le changement du comportement de santé. [source] Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted 1-Indanols, 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans and 2,3-Dihydroindoles by Electrochemical Radical Cyclization Using an Arene Mediator.CHEMINFORM, Issue 22 2004Nobuhito Kurono Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Regioselective Radical Cyclization by Electrochemical Reduction Using an Arene Mediator.CHEMINFORM, Issue 51 2003Environmentally Benign Method. Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Amperometric Immunosensor for Prostate Specific Antigen Based on Co-adsorption of Labeled Antibody and Mediator in Nano-Au Modified Chitosan MembraneCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2008Jie-Hua LIN Abstract A quasi-reagentless amperometric immunosensor for prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been developed based on co-adsorption of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled PSA antibody (anti-PSA) and tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) in nano-Au modified chitosan membrane (Au-chitosan). The immobilized TMB was used as an electron transfer mediator, which displayed a surface-controlled process at scan rates less than 45 mV/s, and a diffusion-controlled process at scan rates higher than 45 mV/s. The immunosensor with the co-immobilized anti-PSA and TMB was incubated with sample PSA antigen, and the formed immunoconjugate in the immunosensor was detected by a TMB-H2O2 -HRP electrochemical system. Under the optimal experimental conditions, PSA could be determined in the linear range from 5.0 to 30 ng·mL,1 with a detection limit of 1.0 ng·mL,1. The prepared PSA immunosensor is not only economic due to the low-cost ITO electrode obtained from industrial mass production, but also capable of batch fabrication with acceptable detection and storage stability. [source] Bridging the theory-and-practice gap: Mediator power in practiceCONFLICT RESOLUTION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2009Arghavan Gerami Although mediators are assumed to be neutral third parties, effective fulfillment of their role involves exercising a significant amount of authority and power. Mediators employ a range of approaches, orientations, and strategies. This article reviews some of the scholarship in this area. It then examines the various dimensions of mediator power, looking specifically at (1) the nature of mediator power and (2) its exercise of power through knowledge and expertise, through designing and controlling the process through reframing, and through imposing pressure to settle. Finally, the article discusses "ethical mediation" in light of mediator power. [source] Where is the trust? using trust-based mediation for first nations dispute resolutionCONFLICT RESOLUTION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2001Michael D. Blackstock Mediators dealing with disputes between governments and indigenous peoples realize the need to emphasize trust-building processes to address long-held and deep-seated concerns between parties. This article presents a trust-based model of mediation and explains its utility in the First Nations Dispute in Canada. [source] Partnering with Mediators: A Collaboration That WorksEMPLOYMENT RELATIONS TODAY, Issue 3 2001Ann L. Begler First page of article [source] Integrated regulation in response to aromatic compounds: from signal sensing to attractive behaviourENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 12 2003Victoria Shingler Summary Deciphering the complex interconnecting bacterial responses to the presence of aromatic compounds is required to gain an integrated understanding of how aromatic catabolic processes function in relation to their genome and environmental context. In addition to the properties of the catabolic enzymes themselves, regulatory responses on at least three different levels are important. At a primary level, aromatic compounds control the activity of specific members of many families of transcriptional regulators to direct the expression of the specialized enzymes for their own catabolism. At a second level, dominant global regulation in response to environmental and physiological cues is incorporated to subvert and couple transcription levels to the energy status of the bacteria. Mediators of these global regulatory responses include the alarmone (p)ppGpp, the DNA-bending protein IHF and less well-defined systems that probably sense the energy status through the activity of the electron transport chain. At a third level, aromatic compounds can also impact on catabolic performance by provoking behavioural responses that allow the bacteria to seek out aromatic growth substrates in their environment. [source] The intergenerational effects of trauma from terror: A real possibility,INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009Marsha Kaitz The goals of this article are to discuss the potential risk of children whose parents were traumatized by terror, to present literature on parenting in the context of terror, and to consider factors that may mediate the transmission of trauma-effects from parents to children. Mediators considered are parents' traumatic distress, disturbed parent,child interactions, trauma-related disturbances in parents' thinking, and effects of stress on children's neural functioning. Also discussed are genetic and environmental factors that may moderate the transmission of intergenerational effects and promote children's risk and resilience. Points raised during the discussion are illustrated with segments from interviews of women who were pregnant or gave birth some time after direct exposure to a terror attack. The authors conclude that empirical studies are needed to learn more about the intergenerational transmission of trauma-effects and processes that underlie it. The authors join others in the call to improve evaluation, treatment, and support of trauma victims and their children to stymie the transmission of problems from one generation to the next. [source] NANDA and NIC: Mediators to Describe Irish Intellectual Disability NursingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2003Fintan Sheerin PURPOSE To identify the foci of interest specific to nursing interventions within residential, intellectual disability nursing through the use of the terms and meanings presented in NANDA and NIC. METHODS Data were collected using a Delphi approach involving a purposive sample of 8 individuals with relevant expertise, followed up by the conduct of three focus groups held with a total sample of 17 intellectual disability nurses working in three Irish service settings: traditional residential, community residential, and nurse education. Data were examined for contextual meaning as well as consensus of perceptions. FINDINGS Many potential interventions and diagnoses were identified for the field of residential learning disability nursing. Interventions that elicited a >50% consensus among participants across groups were examined for contextual meaning, based on the taped and noted responses, and potentially related NIC interventional labels were then applied. These led, through a reverse NIC-NANDA linkage exercise, to the identification of 8 potentially related interventions. The contextual aspect directed the analysis process to identify the nursing diagnoses associated with the interventions to be used, and 21 resultant diagnoses were identified. DISCUSSION Further analysis and study are needed to verify the relevance of these diagnoses and interventions to residential learning disability. A quick comparison of the results with those of studies carried out in other countries demonstrates that certain diagnoses have been identified by one or more authors in their studies. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a number of foci that have achieved various levels of consensus among the study participants. The ongoing study plan will further examine nurses' and managers' perceptions while also looking at these within the context of current service philosophy. [source] Reactive Oxygen Species as Mediators of Cellular SenescenceIUBMB LIFE, Issue 4-5 2005Renata Colavitti Abstract Aging has often been viewed as a random process arising from the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic changes. Increasingly, the notion that aging is a stochastic process is being supplanted by the concept that maximum lifespan of an organism is tightly regulated. This knowledge has led to a growing overlap between classical signal transduction paradigms and the biology of aging. We review certain specific examples where these seemingly disparate disciplines intersect. In particular, we review the concept that intracellular reactive oxygen species function as signalling molecules and that oxidants play a central role as mediators of cellular senescence. IUBMB Life, 57: 277-281, 2005 [source] Social Group and Moral Orientation Factors as Mediators of Religiosity and Multiple Attitude TargetsJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 3 2008KENNETH I. MAVOR Although there is a tradition of examining generalized discrimination against multiple targets, recent studies have tended to consider race and homosexuality as separate targets without considering their relationship with each other. Recent studies have also argued for a moral dimension in attitudes to homosexuality, but this has not yet been explicitly modeled as an explanation for patterns of social attitudes. In a questionnaire study of practicing Australian Christians (N= 143), we examined the relationship of religious orientation and ideology (intrinsic, extrinsic, fundamentalism, orthodoxy, and quest) with four attitude targets (Aboriginal Australians, women, homosexual persons, and abortion). Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we develop a two-factor model, incorporating group and moral orientation factors, which completely mediates the relationships between the religiosity variables and the social attitudes. Religiosity variables exhibit different patterns of correlation with the two factors. The two-factor model provides a useful framework for further exploration of socially and politically contested attitudes. [source] Demographic Diversity in the Boardroom: Mediators of the Board Diversity,Firm Performance RelationshipJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 5 2009Toyah Miller abstract Whereas the majority of research on board diversity explores the direct relationship between racial and gender diversity and firm performance, this paper investigates mediators that explain how board diversity is related to firm performance. Grounded in signalling theory and the behavioural theory of the firm, we suggest that this relationship operates through two mediators: firm reputation and innovation. In a sample of Fortune 500 firms, we find a positive relationship between board racial diversity and both firm reputation and innovation. We find that reputation and innovation both partially mediate the relationship between board racial diversity and firm performance. In addition, we find a positive relationship between board gender diversity and innovation. [source] Mediators of control beliefs, stressful life events, and adaptive behavior in school age children: The role of appraisal and social supportJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 2 2007Yo Jackson The authors examine the role of appraisal and social support as mediators of the relation between control beliefs and adaptive behavioral outcome. Using the responses from 297 children, ages 8 to 12 years old, the results suggest two significant mediational pathways. Social support was a mediator of the relation between unknown control for negative events and adaptive behavior and the relation between unknown control for positive events and adaptive behavior. Negative appraisal demonstrated no mediation relations. The role of social support and negative appraisal in the display of adaptive behavior and the implications for further model testing are discussed. [source] Mediators of rat ischemic hepatic preconditioning after cold preservation identified by microarray analysisLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 11 2006Àurea Navarro-Sabaté Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation is an as yet unresolved problem in clinical practice. Preconditioning protects the liver against the deleterious effects of ischemia, although the mechanism underlying this preconditioning is still unclear. To profile gene expression patterns involved in hepatic ischemic preconditioning, we analyzed the changes in gene expression in rat livers by DNA microarray analysis. Approximately 116 genes were found to have altered gene expression after 8 hours of cold ischemia. Moreover, the expression of 218 genes was modified by classic preconditioning followed by the same ischemia process. Given the importance of the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) in minimizing the liver damage induced by sustained ischemia before reperfusion, this study analyzed the putative genes involved in the beneficial role of IP in liver grafts undergoing cold ischemia before its implantation in the recipient (IP+I). Great differences were found in the gene expression pattern of ischemic preconditioning + long cold ischemia (IP+I) group when compared with the long cold ischemia alone condition (I), which could explain the protective regulatory mechanisms that take place after preconditioning. Twenty-six genes that were downregulated in cold ischemia were found upregulated after preconditioning preceding a long cold ischemia period. These would be genes activated or maintained by preconditioning. Heat shock protein genes and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase are among the most markedly induced transcripts. Liver Transpl. 12:1615,1625, 2006. © 2006 AASLD. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||