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Measuring Changes (measuring + change)
Selected AbstractsMeasuring Change in British Vegetation.JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2000ECOFACT Volume 2. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Measuring change in work behavior by means of multisource feedbackINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2006Froukje Jellema Evaluating the effects of interventions is among the most critical issues faced by the field of human resource development today. This study addresses the potential of multisource feedback for training evaluation. The central research question is whether or not it is possible to measure change in work behavior, as a result of training, with multisource feedback in a reliable and valid way. A procedure for training evaluation was developed and three quasi-experimental studies were carried out. The psychometric properties of the multisource feedback instruments used are discussed as well as the training effects that were found. Our conclusion is that in most cases coworkers do not perceive positive changes in the work behavior of training participants. Whenever a training effect is observed, this is observed by the ratee's peers, rather than by the ratee's superiors or subordinates. Overall, the results do not support multisource feedback as an efficient method for training evaluation. However, this does not mean that multisource feedback cannot be used in a training context at all. Two alternative applications are presented. [source] Phytotoxicity of chlorinated aliphatics to hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × nigra DN34)ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2001Annette C Dietz Abstract Effects of a series of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes on hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × nigra DN34) were assessed in laboratory experiments. Poplar cuttings were grown in sealed reactors with hydroponic solutions and were exposed to a chlorinated solvent for a period of two weeks. Exposure concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.4 mM for perchloroethylene to 0 to 8.4 mM for 1,1-dichloroethane. Effects were assessed by gravimetrically monitoring transpiration and measuring change in cutting mass. The zero-growth concentrations of the chemicals tested were 0.3 mM perchloroethylene, 0.9 mM trichloroethylene, 0.9 mM 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 2.0 mM 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2.3 mM 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 4.8 mM trans -dichloroethylene, 5.6 mM 1,1-dichlor-oethylene, 6.0 mM cis -dichloroethylene, and 10.7 mM 1,1-dichloroethane. Adverse effects were found to increase with increasing number of chlorine atoms within a homologous series of ethenes or ethanes. Ethenes were more toxic than similarly chlorinated ethanes. [source] Facial templates: a new perspective in three dimensionsORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006CH Kau Structured Abstract Authors ,, Kau CH, Zhurov A, Richmond S, Cronin A, Savio C, Mallorie C Purpose ,, This paper describes the use of adult facial template in gender-specific facial analysis. Subjects and Methods ,, Eighty adults, mean age 24.5, were selected for the study. Laser-scanned images of the subjects were obtained under a reproducible and controlled environment with two Minolta Vivid 900 (Osaka, Japan) optical laser-scanning devices assembled as a stereo-pair. A set of left and right scanned images was taken for each subject and each scan took an average of 2.5 s. These scanned images were processed and merged to form a composite three-dimensional soft tissue reproduction of the subjects using commercially available reverse modelling software. The differences in facial morphology were measured using shell deviation colour maps. The facial template was used to compare differences between males vs. females groups and two subjects with facial disproportions. Results ,, The difference between the male and female facial templates was 1.28 ± 1.02 mm. The areas of greatest deviation were at the nasal, zygomatic area and lower jaw line. The results of the surface deviation maps between the templates and subjects with facial disproportion showed that the results could be applied for orthodontic diagnosis. Conclusions ,, The construction of the adult facial templates provides an interesting perspective into measuring changes in groups of patients and also acts as a useful template for the comparison of skeletal disproportion. [source] Measuring and decomposing agricultural productivity and profitability change,AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2010Christopher J. O'Donnell Profitability change can be decomposed into the product of a total factor productivity (TFP) index and an index measuring changes in relative prices. Many TFP indexes can be further decomposed into measures of technical change, technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and mix efficiency change. The class of indexes that can be decomposed in this way includes the Fisher, Törnqvist and Hicks,Moorsteen TFP indexes but not the Malmquist TFP index of Caves, Christensen and Diewert (1982). This paper develops data envelopment analysis methodology for computing and decomposing the Hicks,Moorsteen index. The empirical feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated using country-level agricultural data covering the period 1970,2001. The paper explains why relatively small countries tend to be the most productive, and why favourable movements in relative prices tend to simultaneously increase net returns and decrease productivity. Australia appears to have experienced this relative price effect since at least 1970. Thus, if Australia is a price-taker in output and input markets, Australian agricultural policy-makers should not be overly concerned about the estimated 15 per cent decline in agricultural productivity that has taken place over the last three decades. [source] | |||||||||||||