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Meal Samples (meal + sample)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Chemistry60%

Selected Abstracts

Availability of fluoride from meals given to kindergarten children in Brazil

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
Abstract , Objectives:, The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride supplied daily in the meals given in 44 public kindergarten schools in Bauru, Brazil. In addition, the fluoride concentration of water supplies and its impact on the amount of fluoride found in the meal samples were also investigated. Methods:, Meal samples and water were collected during 2 weeks (10 working days) in public kindergarten schools. Samples of meals were homogenized with known volumes of deionized water. Fluoride present in meal samples was analyzed with the ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609), after hexamethyldisilazane-facilitated diffusion. Fluoride in water samples was analyzed with the same electrode, after buffering with TISAB II. All the analyses were made in duplicate. Results:, Fluoride analyzed (mean ± SD) was 0.50 ± 0.20 ,g/ml, ranging from nondetectable to 1.42 ,g/ml for water samples (n = 424) and 0.067 ± 0.059 mg, ranging from 0.007 to 0.580 mg for meal samples (n = 431). A weak but significant correlation was observed between the amount of fluoride in meals and fluoride concentration in water supplies (r = 0.139, P = 0.0042). Conclusions:, Despite the seemingly small role played by school meals in the total daily fluoride intake, they can contribute to the total fluoride intake of children on a chronic basis, when in association with other fluoride products. Additionally, the impact of fluoridated public water supply on the final fluoride concentration of the school meals analyzed may be regarded as low. [source]

Development of a multiresidue method for analysis of major Fusarium mycotoxins in corn meal using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 14 2005
Chiara Cavaliere
A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method has been developed to determine, in a single run, eight trichothecenes, three fumonisins, zearalenone and , -zearalenol, in corn meal samples. LC and MS conditions were varied to find the best compromise in terms of sensitivity and separation. An acceptable compromise was obtained using a C18 column thermostatted at 45°C and a mobile phase gradient of methanol/water with 10,mmol/L formate buffer (pH 3.8). A multiple reaction monitoring program, in which fumonisins and trichothecenes (except nivalenol and deoxynivalenol) are acquired in positive ESI as [M+H]+ or [M+NH4]+, and all other compounds in negative ESI, was developed to match appropriate retention time windows. Sample preparation used a simple homogenization of the corn meal sample with acetonitrile/water (75:25, v/v) followed by extraction on a C18 cartridge and clean-up on a cartridge containing graphitized carbon black. Method detection limits were in the range 2,14,ng/g, with the exception of nivalenol (27,ng/g), deoxynivalenol (40,ng/g) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (30,ng/g). Good accuracy (recoveries 81,104%) and precision (RSD 4,11%) were obtained by performing calibration using a spiked analyte-free extract. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

QUALITY AND CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF AKARA (FRIED COWPEA PASTE) PROCESSED FROM WET- AND DRY-MILLED COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) MEAL WITH SPECIFIED PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 3 2007
MELISSA A. VANCHINA
ABSTRACT Direct quality indicators of cowpea paste and akara produced from traditionally wet-milled peas, and hammer-milled (dry-milled) and freeze-dried (wet-milled) meals were examined in this study. Both meal samples studied were formulated to consist of 65% medium-sized particles and 35% large particles by weight. Particle volume mean diameters (µm) of the three paste samples were not significantly different from one another at the various stages during akara production. Scanning electron micrographs of akara crumb were converted to threshold images and analyzed. There was no significant difference in the amount of air found in the akara samples. Akara produced from both meals was found acceptable by sensory panelists with no significant difference in any of the attributes or overall liking among the three samples. [source]

Development of a multiresidue method for analysis of major Fusarium mycotoxins in corn meal using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 14 2005
Chiara Cavaliere
A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method has been developed to determine, in a single run, eight trichothecenes, three fumonisins, zearalenone and , -zearalenol, in corn meal samples. LC and MS conditions were varied to find the best compromise in terms of sensitivity and separation. An acceptable compromise was obtained using a C18 column thermostatted at 45°C and a mobile phase gradient of methanol/water with 10,mmol/L formate buffer (pH 3.8). A multiple reaction monitoring program, in which fumonisins and trichothecenes (except nivalenol and deoxynivalenol) are acquired in positive ESI as [M+H]+ or [M+NH4]+, and all other compounds in negative ESI, was developed to match appropriate retention time windows. Sample preparation used a simple homogenization of the corn meal sample with acetonitrile/water (75:25, v/v) followed by extraction on a C18 cartridge and clean-up on a cartridge containing graphitized carbon black. Method detection limits were in the range 2,14,ng/g, with the exception of nivalenol (27,ng/g), deoxynivalenol (40,ng/g) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (30,ng/g). Good accuracy (recoveries 81,104%) and precision (RSD 4,11%) were obtained by performing calibration using a spiked analyte-free extract. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Availability of fluoride from meals given to kindergarten children in Brazil

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
Abstract , Objectives:, The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of fluoride supplied daily in the meals given in 44 public kindergarten schools in Bauru, Brazil. In addition, the fluoride concentration of water supplies and its impact on the amount of fluoride found in the meal samples were also investigated. Methods:, Meal samples and water were collected during 2 weeks (10 working days) in public kindergarten schools. Samples of meals were homogenized with known volumes of deionized water. Fluoride present in meal samples was analyzed with the ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609), after hexamethyldisilazane-facilitated diffusion. Fluoride in water samples was analyzed with the same electrode, after buffering with TISAB II. All the analyses were made in duplicate. Results:, Fluoride analyzed (mean ± SD) was 0.50 ± 0.20 ,g/ml, ranging from nondetectable to 1.42 ,g/ml for water samples (n = 424) and 0.067 ± 0.059 mg, ranging from 0.007 to 0.580 mg for meal samples (n = 431). A weak but significant correlation was observed between the amount of fluoride in meals and fluoride concentration in water supplies (r = 0.139, P = 0.0042). Conclusions:, Despite the seemingly small role played by school meals in the total daily fluoride intake, they can contribute to the total fluoride intake of children on a chronic basis, when in association with other fluoride products. Additionally, the impact of fluoridated public water supply on the final fluoride concentration of the school meals analyzed may be regarded as low. [source]