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Maternal Aggression (maternal + aggression)
Selected AbstractsDiscrepancies in Perceptions of Maternal Aggression: Implications for Children of Methadone-Maintained MothersAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2010Jessica L. Borelli Despite a long history of documenting discrepancies in parent and child reports of parental care and child psychopathology, it has only been in recent years that researchers have begun to consider these discrepancies as meaningful indicators of parent,child relationship quality and as predictors of long-term child adjustment. Discrepancies in perceptions of parenting may be particularly important for the children of mothers with a history of substance abuse who may be less aware of the impact of their behavior on their child and of their child's internalizing symptoms. This study examined associations between (a) mother,child discrepancies in reports of maternal aggression, and (b) mother and child reports of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data collected from 99 mother,child dyads (with children 4,16 years of age) during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial testing a parenting intervention were used in this study. Measures included parent and child versions of the Parental Acceptance,Rejection Questionnaire and the Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children. Findings indicated that as children viewed their mothers as increasingly more aggressive than mothers viewed themselves, children reported more internalizing and externalizing symptoms but mothers only reported more child externalizing symptoms. Mother,child discrepancies in reports of parenting behavior have potentially meaningful implications for child emotional and behavioral problems. [source] Reduced aggression in AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluR-A subunit-deficient miceGENES, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR, Issue 5 2004O. Y. Vekovischeva The importance of AMPA-type glutamate receptors has been demonstrated in neuronal plasticity and in adaptation to drugs of abuse. We studied the involvement of AMPA receptors in social interaction and anxiety and found that in several paradigms of agonistic behavior naïve male mice deficient for the GluR-A subunit- containing AMPA receptors are less aggressive than wild-type littermates. GluR-A deficient mice and wild-type littermates exhibited similar basic behavior and reflexes as monitored by observational Irwin's test, but they tended to be less anxious in elevated plus-maze and light-dark tests. Maternal aggression or male-female encounters were not affected which suggests that male hormones are involved in the expression of suppressed aggressiveness. However, testosterone levels and brain monoamines can be excluded and found to be similar between GluR-A deficient and wild-type littermates. The reduced AMPA receptor levels caused by the lack of the GluR-A subunit, and measured by a 30% reduction in hippocampal [3H]-S-AMPA binding, seem to be the reason for suppressed male aggressiveness. When we analyzed mice with reduced number of functional AMPA receptors mediated by the genomic introduced GluR-A(Q582R) channel mutation, we observed again male-specific suppressed aggression, providing additional evidence for GluR-A subunit-containing AMPA receptor involvement in aggression. [source] Hypocretin-1 Dose-Dependently Modulates Maternal Behaviour in MiceJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 8 2006K. L. D'Anna Increases in neuronal activity of hypocretin (HCRT), a peptide involved in arousal, and in HCRT-1 receptor mRNA expression have recently been identified in association with lactation. HCRT is released within brain regions regulating maternal behaviour and it is possible that increased HCRT neurotransmission during lactation supports maternal care. The present study examined for the first time the behavioural effects of HCRT on lactating mice. At intermediate doses, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of HCRT-1 (0.06 and 0.1 µg) elevated levels of licking and grooming of pups (but not self-grooming) and number of nursing bouts without affecting other behaviours. At the highest dose, HCRT-1 (0.3 µg, i.c.v) delayed latency to nurse, decreased nursing, increased time off nest, and decreased maternal aggression. Intraperitoneal injections of the HCRT-1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867, exhibited a general trend towards increasing time spent low-arched back nursing (P = 0.053) and decreasing licking and grooming of pups while high-arched back nursing (P = 0.052). This suggests that the endogenous release of HCRT, working independently or dependently with other neuromodulators, may be necessary for full maternal behaviour expression. Possible sites of HCRT action in enhancing and impairing maternal care were identified via examinations of c,Fos immunoreactivity in association with i.c.v. HCRT injections. Together, these finding support the idea of HCRT modulating maternal behaviour, with intermediate levels (0.06 and 0.1 µg) supporting (even augmenting) some behaviours, but with levels that are too high (0.3 µg HCRT, i.c.v.), maternal behaviour and aggression are suppressed. [source] Discrepancies in Perceptions of Maternal Aggression: Implications for Children of Methadone-Maintained MothersAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2010Jessica L. Borelli Despite a long history of documenting discrepancies in parent and child reports of parental care and child psychopathology, it has only been in recent years that researchers have begun to consider these discrepancies as meaningful indicators of parent,child relationship quality and as predictors of long-term child adjustment. Discrepancies in perceptions of parenting may be particularly important for the children of mothers with a history of substance abuse who may be less aware of the impact of their behavior on their child and of their child's internalizing symptoms. This study examined associations between (a) mother,child discrepancies in reports of maternal aggression, and (b) mother and child reports of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data collected from 99 mother,child dyads (with children 4,16 years of age) during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial testing a parenting intervention were used in this study. Measures included parent and child versions of the Parental Acceptance,Rejection Questionnaire and the Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children. Findings indicated that as children viewed their mothers as increasingly more aggressive than mothers viewed themselves, children reported more internalizing and externalizing symptoms but mothers only reported more child externalizing symptoms. Mother,child discrepancies in reports of parenting behavior have potentially meaningful implications for child emotional and behavioral problems. [source] Changes in yearling rhesus monkeys' relationships with their mothers after sibling birthAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2001B.J. Devinney Abstract The birth of a new sibling is believed to signify an abrupt and important transition in a young primate's relationship with its mother,one that is of potential importance from at least three theoretical perspectives: attachment theory, parent,offspring conflict theory, and dynamic assessment models. This study examines changes in relationships between free-ranging yearling rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and their mothers concomitant with the birth of the mother's next infant, and tests predictions derived from each theoretical perspective. We observed 31 yearling rhesus on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, 3 months before and 3 months after their siblings' births, using focal animal sampling methods. Changes in measures related to mother,yearling interaction and yearling distress were examined using repeated-measures analysis of variance. After sibling birth, mothers and yearlings abruptly reduced amounts of time in contact and increased amounts of time at a distance and out of sight of one another. Mothers and yearlings played approximately equal roles in bringing about decreases in proximity, and yearlings took the primary roles in bringing about decreases in contact. Rates of maternal aggression toward yearlings increased immediately and markedly after birth, possibly providing yearlings with early cues regarding subsequent decreased levels of maternal care. There were no marked increases in overt signs of yearling distress (e.g., vocalizations or tantrums) following the births. We conclude that yearlings generally acquiesced to reduced levels of care, responding behaviorally with increased independence and maturity. In this sense, our study provides preliminary support for dynamic assessment models over attachment theory and parent,offspring conflict theory models. Am. J. Primatol. 54:193,210, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||