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Selected AbstractsObservations of Dermocystidium sp. infections in bullheads, Cottus gobio L., from a river in southern EnglandJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 4 2004S W Feist Abstract Bullheads, Cottus gobio, with macroscopic external cysts on the skin and fins measuring up to 3 mm in diameter were detected in the River Allen and its tributaries in southern England between 1992 and 1998. The prevalence of these cysts was up to 50% at some sites. Examination of cyst contents revealed the presence of numerous spores, typical of the genus Dermocystidium, measuring 8 ,m in diameter. The parasite developed within well-defined cysts, which were located in the hypodermal connective tissues of the host. No cysts were present on the fins of any of the fish examined. Histological examination revealed a cyst wall consisting of an inner layer of dense eosinophilic material similar to that reported for Dermocystidium spp. forming coenocytic hyphae. No evidence was found of systemic infection or hyphal formation. Spores contained a prominent refractile body, which gave a weakly positive reaction for polysaccharides with the periodic-acid Schiff reaction and was positively stained with acidic dyes. Several examples of ruptured cysts were seen in histological sections and in some of these cases the host epithelial layer was breached, allowing release of the spores to the environment. Morphological features of, and host response towards, the Dermocystidium sp. in bullheads are compared with similar infections in salmonids and other freshwater fish species. [source] Development of a Simple and Low-Cost Enzymatic Methodology for Quantitative Analysis of Carbamates in Meat Samples of Forensic InterestJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2010Bruno Duarte Sabino Ph.D. Abstract:, Foods contaminated with a granulated material similar to Temik (a commercial pesticide formulation containing the carbamate insecticide aldicarb) are often involved in accidental ingestion, suicides, and homicides in Brazil. We developed a simple technique to detect aldicarb. This technique is based on the inhibition of a stable preparation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and it is specially adapted for forensic purposes. It comprises an initial extraction step with the solvent methylene chloride followed by a colorimetric acetylcholinesterase assay. We propose that results of testing contaminated forensic samples be expressed in aldicarb equivalents because, even though all other carbamates are also potent enzyme inhibitors, aldicarb is the contaminant most frequently found in forensic samples. This method is rapid (several samples can be run in a period of 2 h) and low cost. This method also proved to be precise and accurate, detecting concentrations as low as 40 ,g/kg of aldicarb in meat samples. [source] Raman spectroscopy of ion-irradiated astrophysically relevant materialsJOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 2 2008G. A. Baratta Abstract Solid objects in space (interstellar grains, comets, interplanetary dust particles, etc.) are continuously exposed to energetic processes, such as cosmic ion irradiation, that influence their evolution. In this paper we present an experimental study, carried out by Raman spectroscopy, of the effects induced by ion irradiation on frozen ices and refractory materials. If the irradiated ice mixture contains a relevant amount of carbon atoms, the ice is converted into an organic residue (stable at room temperature), which at high irradiation dose evolves toward a hydrogenated amorphous carbon. Here we show that material similar to that produced in the laboratory by ion irradiation of frozen ice mixtures and refractory materials can be formed in space by cosmic ion irradiation. This finding has been recently confirmed by the Stardust mission, which revealed in some of the cometary particles collected in space and returned to earth carbonaceous materials that have been processed by cosmic ion irradiation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Clearwater East impact structure: A re-interpretation of the projectile type using new platinum-group element data from meteoritesMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002Iain McDonald This is at odds with recent chromium isotope analyses that suggest ordinary chondrite-type material is present. The present study reviews and reinterprets the available PGE data in the light of new PGE data from meteorites and concludes that the PGE ratios in the impact melt are most consistent with ordinary (possibly type-L) chondrite source material, not carbonaceous chondrites. Therefore the structure was most probably formed by the impact of an asteroid composed of material similar to ordinary chondrites. [source] Recurrent pulmonary alveolar proteinosis secondary to agammaglobulinemiaPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Türkan Patiroglu Abstract Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is characterized by the accumulation of surfactant derived material in the lung of patients. PAP is rare in children. The patient presented with respiratory failure. In the history she was diagnosed with agammaglobulinemia at 8 months of age and has been treated by IVIG once in a month. She had two pulmonary alveolary proteinosis attacks before. Chest X-ray showed bilateral diffuse infiltrates. Initial diagnosis were pneumonia, ARDS, and lung edema. Whole-lung lavage revealed lipoproteinaceous material similar to surfactant. This findings and high level of LDH was as evaluated pulmonary alveolary proteinosis. She discharged from the hospital without any respiratory complication on the ninth day. This is the first case report recurrent PAP associated with agammaglobulinemia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:710,713. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Quantification of cockroach allatostatin-like peptide and its myotropic effects in males of the earwig Euborellia annulipesPHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Roy Phitayakorn Summary A monoclonal antibody to allatostatin I of the cockroach Diploptera punctata was used to establish a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of allatostatin-like peptides in the hindgut of the adult male earwig, Euborellia annulipes. Hindguts of 0-day males contained significantly more allatostatin-positive material than those of 8-day males fed on catfood. However, males starved for the first 8 days of adult life had significantly higher levels of allatostatin-positive material than those of either 0-day or of 8-day fed males. Hindguts from 0-day old males exhibited lower spontaneous motility in vitro than those from 8-day males. Hindguts from males at both ages responded to allostatin with reversible, dosage-dependent decreases in hindgut motility, and responded to proctolin with reversible, dosage-dependent increases in hindgut motility. When both allatostatin and proctolin were applied to hindgut preparations simultaneously and in equal concentrations, the response varied with the stage of the male. Starvation enhanced hindgut motility and abolished the response to allatostatin, but not to proctolin. These results indicate the presence of material similar to cockroach allatostatins in male earwigs, and that the levels change with age and physiological stage. Furthermore, such peptides may indeed be regulatory neuropeptides and could modulate hindgut contraction. There was an increase in sensitivity to exogenous allatostatin in the hindgut during development from day 0 to day 8 in feeding males, but a loss in sensitivity in response to starvation; sensitivity to exogenous proctolin also increased with age, but such responsiveness was not diminished by starvation. [source] Theoretical design study on multifunctional triphenyl amino-based derivatives for OLEDsJOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 11 2009Lu-Yi Zou Abstract The use of triphenyl amino-based derivatives in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can significantly improve their efficiency and stability and especially their electroluminescence characteristics , most of the new hole-transport materials have this feature. In this study, a series of triphenyl amino-based compounds were computed, including two newly designed molecules. They can function as charge transport materials and emitters with high efficiency and stability. To reveal the relationship between the properties and structures of these bifunctional and multifunctional electroluminescent materials, the ground and excited state geometries were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d), HF/6-31G(d), TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d), and CIS/6-31G(d) levels, respectively. The ionization potentials (IPs) and electron affinities (EAs) were computed. The lowest excitation energies, the maximum absorption, and emission wavelengths of these compounds were calculated by employing the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. Also, the mobilities of holes and electrons were studied computationally based on the Marcus electron transfer theory. The CH2Cl2 solvent effect on the absorption spectra of N,N,-di-1-naphthyl- N,N,-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) was considered by polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results obtained for these compounds are in good agreement with the experimental values. These data show that the proposed compounds 1 and 2 (N,B-di-1-naphthyl-N,B-diphenylbenzidine and Mes2N[p-4,4,-biphenyl-NPh(1-naphthyl)]), are multifunctional and bifunctional materials similar to Mes2B[p -4,4,-biphenyl-NPh(1-naphthyl)] (BNPB) and NPB, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Searching for the source regions of martian meteorites using MGS TES: Integrating martian meteorites into the global distribution of igneous materials on MarsMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 6 2003Victoria E. HAMILTON We deconvolved the TES data set using laboratory spectra of 6 martian meteorites (Los Angeles, Zagami, ALH A77005, Nakhla, ALH 84001, and Chassigny) as end members, along with atmospheric and surface spectra previously derived from TES data. Global maps (16 pixels/degree) of the distribution of each meteorite end member show that meteorite-like compositions are not present at or above TES detectability limits over most of the planet's dust-free regions. However, we have confidently identified local-scale (100s-1000s km2) concentrations of olivine- and orthopyroxene-bearing materials similar to ALH A77005, Chassigny, and ALH 84001 in Nili Fossae, in and near Ganges Chasma, in the Argyre and Hellas basin rims, and in Eos Chasma. Nakhla-like materials are identified near the detection limit throughout the eastern Valles Marineris region and portions of Syrtis Major. Basaltic shergottites were not detected in any spatially coherent areas at the scale of this study. Martian meteorite-like lithologies represent only a minor portion of the dust-free surface and, thus, are not representative of the bulk composition of the ancient crust. Meteorite-like spectral signatures identified above TES detectability limits in more spatially restricted areas (
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