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Material Present (material + present)
Selected AbstractsInsoluble Grape Material Present in Must Affects the Overall Fermentation Aroma of Dry White Wines Made from Three Grape Cultivars Cultivated in GreeceJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2002S. Karagiannis ABSTRACT: Musts from 3 grape varieties were used to elucidate the effect of the presence of grape solids in must on the volatile composition of the resultant white wines. Volatile compounds were analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FPD except H2S, which was measured spectrophotometrically. Increasing quantities of grape insoluble material decreased the substances that enhanced aroma of Savatiano and Batiki wines. Simultaneously, the levels of compounds that degrade wine aroma, when formed in large amounts, were increased. However, in Muscat of Hamburg wines, the levels of some volatiles were not influenced by must turbidity in the same way as in wines of the other cultivars. [source] Making the diagnosis with only two levels of nongynecologic cell blocks as opposed to three is more cost effectiveDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Gina Zanchelli-Astran D.O. Abstract Two hundred forty-three of 246 cases in phase I (98.8%) and 246 of 247 cases in phase II (99.6%) had adequate or the same material present on the level two cell blocks. Sixty-nine cases were malignant (28.1%), 20 were atypical (8.1%), 157 were benign (63.8), and 16 were signed out on the cell block only (6.5%) in phase I. In phase II, 69 (27.9%) cases were malignant, 22 (8.9%) were atypical, 156 (63.2%) were benign, and 18 (7.3%) were signed out based on material present in the cell block. Fifteen cases in phase I (6.1%) and 17 (6.9%) in phase II needed immunohistochemical staining for further evaluation. Twenty-four upper urinary tract (UUT) cases were signed out as malignant (49.0%), 10 were atypical (20.4%), and 15 were benign (30.6%) in phase I. In phase II, 18 (56.3%) UUT were malignant, 8 (25.0%) were atypical, and 6 (18.7%) were benign. In phase I, 13 (26.5%) and in phase II, 18 (56.3%) were graded on the cell block only. On comparing the two phases, there was no significant difference in the amount of diagnostic material present between the level three and level two cell blocks (98.8% and 99.6%, respectively) or the number of cases diagnosed based on the cell block (6.5% and 7.3%, respectively). Cases signed out as malignant, atypical, and benign were similar in both phases. Likewise, the cases that required immunohistochemical staining to aid in the diagnosis between phase one and phase two were similar (6.1% and 6.9%, respectively). respectively). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Embryonic keratinization in vertebrates in relation to land colonizationACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 1 2009L. Alibardi Abstract The embryogenesis and cytology of the epidermis in different vertebrates is variable in relation to the formation of a stratum corneum of different complexity. The latter process was essential for land colonization during vertebrate evolution and produced an efficient barrier in amniotes. Keratinocytes are made of cross-linked keratins associated with specific proteins and lipids that are produced at advanced stages of embryogenesis when the epidermis becomes stratified. In these stages the epidermis changes from an aquatic to a terrestrial type, preadapted in preparation for the impact with the dry terrestrial environment that occurs at hatching or parturition. The epidermal barrier against water-loss, mechanical and chemical stress, and microbe penetration is completely formed shortly before birth. Beneath the outer periderm, variably stratified embryonic layers containing glycine-rich alpha-keratins are formed in preparation for adult life. The following layers of the epidermis produce proteins for the formation of the cornified cell membrane and of the cornified material present in keratinocytes of the adult epidermis in reptiles, birds and mammals. The general features of the process of soft cornification in the embryonic epidermis of vertebrates are presented. Cornification in developing scales in reptiles, avian feathers and mammalian hairs is mainly related to the evolution of keratin-associated proteins. The latter proteins form the resistant matrix of hard skin derivatives such as claws, beaks, nails and horns. [source] Thermally Driven AFM for NanoenergeticsIMAGING & MICROSCOPY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2009A Method to Investigate the Decomposition on the Nanoscale Abstract A fundamental understanding of the decomposition of energetic nanocompounds infiltrated in porous host matrixes requires the investigation of their behavior on a nanoscale during a thermal stress. Up to now, the decomposition of pure energetic nanomaterials has only been observed on a macroscopic scale. Thermally driven AFM revealed that the decomposition of the energetic material present in the pores of a Cr2O3 matrix induces a spatial expansion of the oxide on the nanometric scale. [source] Range expansion of the globally Vulnerable Karamoja apalis Apalis karamojae in the Serengeti ecosystemAFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Philip Shaw Abstract The underlying causes of change in geographic range size are less well understood in African birds than in north temperate species. Here, we examine factors associated with range expansion in the Karamoja apalis (Apalis karamojae), a globally Vulnerable warbler confined to north-east Uganda, north-central Tanzania and southern Kenya. In Tanzania, it was originally known only from the Wembere Steppe, but since 1993 (and possibly as early as 1983) has extended its range into the Serengeti ecosystem, c. 140 km to the north, reaching southern Kenya by 2004. Changes in the warbler's range within the Serengeti have broadly reflected a cyclical change in the density of its main habitat, Acacia drepanolobium woodland, which was low in the 1970s, high during the 1980s and 1990s, and declined in the early 2000s. Karamoja apalis records in the Serengeti showed a 5 year time lag behind A. drepanolobium density, which was in turn negatively correlated with the area of grassland burnt 10 years earlier. Previous studies in the Serengeti have also linked Acacia regeneration to changes in grazing pressure, as increasing wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) numbers have reduced the volume of combustible material present, and hence the frequency of damaging ,hot burns'. We conclude that this globally threatened warbler appears to have benefited from changes in ungulate populations in the Serengeti, which have influenced burning intensity and hence tree regeneration. The warbler's range now appears to be declining, however, following a recent reduction in the density and annual survival of A. drepanolobium in the northern Serengeti. Résumé Les causes sous-jacentes du changement de la taille d'une distribution géographique sont moins bien connues pour les oiseaux africains que pour les espèces du nord tempéré. Nous examinons ici des facteurs liés à l'expansion de l'aire de répartition de l'apalis de Karamoja Apalis karamojae, un sylviidé classé comme Vulnérable au niveau mondial, confiné au NE de l'Ouganda, au centre-nord de la Tanzanie et au sud du Kenya. En Tanzanie, on ne le connaissait à l'origine que dans la steppe de Wembere mais depuis 1993, et peut-être même dès 1983, il a étendu son aire de répartition dans l'écosystème du Serengeti, environ 140 km plus au nord, et atteint le sud du Kenya en 2004. Les changements de l'aire de répartition de ce sylviidé dans le Serengeti reflètent largement un changement cyclique de la densité de son habitat principal, la forêt d'Acacia drepanolobium, qui était faible dans les années 1970, forte pendant les années 1980 et 1990, et qui a diminué au début des années 2000. Les rapports sur l'apalis de Karamoja au Serengeti montrent un retard de cinq ans par rapport à l'évolution de la densité d'A. drepanolobium, elle-même étant négativement liée à la zone de prairie brûlée 10 ans plus tôt. Des études antérieures faites au Serengeti lient aussi la régénération des acacias aux changements de la pression du pâturage, étant donné que le nombre croissant de gnous, Connochaetes taurinus, a réduit le volume des matières combustibles restantes et donc la fréquence des feux trop chauds qui causent beaucoup de dégâts. Nous concluons que cet oiseau menacé au niveau mondial semble avoir bénéficié des changements des populations d'ongulés au Serengeti, qui ont influencé l'intensité des feux et donc la régénération des arbres. L'aire de répartition de ce sylviidé semble pourtant en train de se réduire suite à une récente réduction de la densité et de la survie annuelle d'A. drepanolobium dans le nord du Serengeti. [source] ALCOHOLIC BANANA BEVERAGE , ASPECTS IN FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTIONJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 3 2009SUNITA SINGH ABSTRACT This study quantified fermentative changes in processing alcoholic banana beverage as a result of two factors, namely, sorghum as an ingredient in mix and time period of fermentation, affecting the process in two scales (375 g and 2,900 g) of ingredients mix used. Diluted pulp (with water) from overripe bananas (Musa robusta) mixed with sprouted sorghum grains as ingredients were compared with ingredients without sorghum. The total sugars (reducing and total carbohydrates) were higher when sorghum was not added as an ingredient in initial mix to be fermented. Nevertheless, there was higher utilization of fermentable sugars and carbohydrates in the mix when sorghum was present in both scales of mix studied. The fermentative activities of inoculate as a result of interactive effect of sorghum and time period in the process was attributed to these utilizations. The time factor in fermentation allowed for significant increase in alcohol in the beverage (48 h with 375 g and 68 h with 2,900 g). The beverage obtained with sorghum contained 9.8 g% alcohol at 48 h from 375 g mix and 24.3 g% alcohol at 68 h from the 2,900 g mix of ingredients. These contents were higher as compared to beverage prepared without sorghum: 18.3 g% alcohol at 48 h from 375 g mix and 13.1 g% at 68 h from 2,900 g ingredient mix. The average yields of beverage (with added sorghum) were 54.6% and 57.9%, from 375 g mix batch and 2,900 g mix larger scales, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Banana has a short shelf life after it enters the retail market. The domestic supply in India in 2002 accounted for 20% wastage of bananas as a postharvest loss. The total losses in banana transactions were of the order 13,18% in a single wholesale market of the local city. It was possible to add value of ~48% if these overripe bananas processed into alcoholic beverage. The wasted bananas in domestic supply chain may be source of raw material present in the cycle of marketing itself. Using overripe bananas as the raw material in this study, we could ascertain the product characteristics so obtained after fermentation. These wasted bananas can thus be utilized using modified process detailed herein, if such a technology is readily available. This can replace spurious/illicit drinks in local pockets by using these cheap raw materials available in local abundance. [source] Direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques to study organic coatings on archaeological amphoraeJOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 5 2005Maria Perla Colombini Abstract Two different analytical approaches, direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry (DE-MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were compared in a study of archaeological resinous materials. DE-MS was found to be an efficient fingerprinting tool for the fast screening of organic archaeological samples and for providing information on the major components. GC/MS appeared to be more efficient in unravelling the sample composition at a molecular level, despite the long analysis time and the need for a wet chemical pretreatment. Both procedures were applied to characterize the organic material present as coatings in Roman and Egyptian amphorae. DE-MS successfully identified abietanic compounds, hence a diterpenic resinous material could be identified and its degree of oxidation assessed. GC/MS enabled us to identify dehydroabietic acid, 7-oxodehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid, retene, tetrahydroretene, norabietatriene, norabietatetraene and methyl dehydroabietate. These oxidized and aromatized abietanes provided evidence that the amphorae examined were waterproofed with a pitch produced from resinous wood of plants from the Pinaceae family. The chemometric evaluation of the GC/MS data highlighted significant chemical differences between the pitches found in the two archaeological sites, basically related to differences in the production techniques of the materials and in their degradation pathways. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] MUCILAGINOUS CAPSULE ADSORPTION AND INTRACELLULAR UPTAKE OF COPPER BY KIRCHNERIELLA APERTA (CHLOROCOCCALES)1JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Ana T. Lombardi The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate possible ecological and physiological functions of mucilaginous capsules produced by the freshwater algae Kirchneriella aperta Teiling (Chlorococcales) as related to copper ions. All experiments were performed using synthetic media under laboratory-controlled conditions. Copper interactions were investigated by distinguishing between adsorption onto the mucilaginous material present at the surface of the cells, intracellular uptake, and differentiation between total dissolved copper and free copper ions in the culture medium. Kirchneriella aperta is sensitive to copper, as revealed by a 96-h EC50 value of 10,9.22 M Cu2+. We demonstrated that the mucilaginous capsules were able to sequester copper ions from the medium through a passive mechanism, thus providing the cell with a mechanism able to postpone the toxic effects of copper. The organic material that diffuses into the test medium as well as the mucilaginous capsules produced by K. aperta both effectively complex copper; thus, toxicity must be related to free copper ions and not the total dissolved copper concentration in the medium. [source] Protein fraction isolated from epididymal fluid re-associates sperm in vitro: Possible role of serpins in rat rosettes assemblyMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2010María A. Monclus Abstract In many mammalian species, sperm associate as a consequence of the epididymal transit. From the classic Rouleaux in guinea pig to the most recent work in mouse and echidna, authors have focused mainly on a detailed morphological description of this phenomenon. Some of these articles have also begun to describe the nature of the material present between sperm heads. Here, we try to better understand the factor/s involved in rat sperm association (Rosette). Based on previous work describing the appearance of Rosettes in the distal segments of the rat epididymis, we consider that sperm during their transit must be in contact with factor/s present in the caudal lumen in order to associate with each other. By an in vitro sperm re-associating assay, we try to determine the in vivo phenomenon observed in the lumen. The assay consists of co-incubating non-associated sperm with several protein fractions obtained from epididymal caudal fluid. After establishing the most active fraction, the proteins were characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Among the proteins we found two members of the serine protease inhibitors family; an ,-1 antitrypsin and a new protein with an ,-1 antitrypsin like domain which includes a sequence compatible with the serpins' reactive center loop. These serpins may play a role in the assembly/disassembly process of Rosettes by modulating lumenal protease activity. Finally, a biochemical-morphological model which explains the sperm,proteases interaction was proposed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 410,419, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Discoveries of Neolithic prehistoric sites at Pleistocene carbonate rock shelters on the east coast of the UAEARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 2 2006Cajus G. Diedrich Dr.Article first published online: 8 DEC 200 Three newly discovered prehistoric sites on the east coast of the United Emirates (UAE) are described. All are located on surfaces of Pleistocene carbonates or rock shelters that are generally rare along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Oman. Aqqah 1 (Le Meridien al Aqqah Beach Resort), the most important and best preserved of these sites, is a partially collapsed rock shelter with an exposed section, lithic finds and marine molluscs. Deriving an exact date from the material present is difficult because of a lack of comparanda. A bifacial fletched arrowhead made of yellow jasper and the lithic debris of five different raw materials as well as an undecorated ceramic fragment might suggest a date in the Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age. The presence of many marine bivalves and snails with operculae, which differ from recent coastal species, indicates the collection and consumption of living molluscs by the prehistoric population of Aqqah. Nearby burials may be related to the rock shelters. [source] | ||||||||||||||||