Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Materials Development (material + development)
Selected AbstractsCompositionally Graded Steels: A Strategy for Materials Development,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 12 2009Béchir Chéhab A topic of increasing importance in Materials Science is the optimization of microstructures to attain specific combinations of properties. Especially interesting are the design requirements where conflicting properties have to be simultaneously fulfilled. Compositionally graded and architectured materials, in which the properties change over space provide a means of meeting these challenging design requirements. [source] Asset mapping and Whanau action research: ,New' subjects negotiating the politics of knowledge in Te RarawaASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 3 2008Yvonne Underhill-Sem Abstract Te Runanga o Te Rarawa is the tribal council representing the interests of the marae (tribal commons) and hapu (a subtribal kin group) that make up the iwi (a Maori tribe) of Te Rarawa in the far north of Aotearoa/New Zealand. In April 2005, officials approached us to help them secure a valuable funding stream tagged to marshalling resources for material development in the area. They sought curriculum vitae and assistance in reframing the funding specifications. Intrigued, armed with a conceptual toolkit drawn from Gibson-Graham's ideas of post-development and asset-based community mapping, and confident that we could add value, we agreed to help. This paper examines the complex politics of our involvement and our changing positioning as researcher subjects. We argue that negotiating a politics of knowledge for projects of this nature requires engagement in complex representational politics of place and divisive identity politics that rage around it. There are no easy protocols for outside researchers, but with appropriate humility and sensitivity to these politics, we can rely on, and should stand up for, the value of our work, which lies in commitments to excellence in scholarship. We cannot and should not seek to control these politics, which will chew us up and spit us out , humanely and with good grace or otherwise. However, good academic work will recognise and adapt to them. In our particular case, we argue that our work had significant value; and in this paper, we trace the production of this value. [source] State of the art and future directions of scaffold-based bone engineering from a biomaterials perspectiveJOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Issue 4 2007Dietmar Werner Hutmacher Abstract Scaffold-based bone tissue engineering aims to repair/regenerate bone defects. Such a treatment concept involves seeding autologous osteogenic cells throughout a biodegradable scaffold to create a scaffold,cell hybrid that may be called a tissue-engineered construct (TEC). A variety of materials and scaffolding fabrication techniques for bone tissue engineering have been investigated over the past two decades. This review aims to discuss the advances in bone engineering from a scaffold material point of view. In the first part the reader is introduced to the basic principles of bone engineering. The important properties of the biomaterials and the scaffold design in the making of tissue engineered bone constructs are discussed in detail, with special emphasis placed on the new material developments, namely composites made of synthetic polymers and calcium phosphates. Advantages and limitations of these materials are analysed along with various architectural parameters of scaffolds important for bone tissue engineering, e.g. porosity, pore size, interconnectivity and pore-wall microstructures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Optimization of multicomponent photopolymer formulations using high-throughput analysis and kinetic modelingAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010Peter M. Johnson Abstract While high throughput and combinatorial techniques have played an instrumental role in materials development and implementation, numerous problems in materials science and engineering are too complex and necessitate a prohibitive number of experiments, even when considering high throughput and combinatorial approaches, for a comprehensive approach to materials design. Here, we propose a unique combination of high throughput experiments focused on binary formulations that, in combination with advanced modeling, has the potential to facilitate true materials design and optimization in ternary and more complex systems for which experiments are never required. Extensive research on the development of photopolymerizable monomer formulations has produced a vast array of potential monomer/comonomer, initiator and additive combinations. This array dramatically expands the range of material properties that are achievable; however, the vast number of potential formulations has eliminated any possibility of comprehensive materials design or optimization. This limitation is addressed by maximizing the benefits and unique capabilities of high throughput experimentation coupled with predictive models for material behavior and properties. The high throughput experimentation-model combination is useful to collect a limited amount of data from as few as 11 experiments on binary combinations of 10 analyzed monomers, and then use this limited data set to predict and optimize formulation properties in ternary resins that would have necessitated at least 1000 high throughput experiments and several orders of magnitude greater numbers of traditional experiments. A data analysis approach is demonstrated, and the model development and implementation for one model application in which a range of material properties are prescribed, and an optimal formulation that meets those properties is predicted and evaluated. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 [source] Solid-phase synthesis: a paradigm shiftJOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 9 2003Dr Garland R. Marshall Abstract A personal review by the first graduate student of Professor R. Bruce Merrifield of the evolution of solid-phase synthesis and its acceptance by various subsets of the chemistry community. Solid-phase synthesis, as currently practised in the synthesis of biopolymers, combinatorial solid-phase organic chemistry, synthesis of natural products, catalyst selection, chemical ligation and materials development, has proven a paradigm shift for the chemistry community. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||