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Material Analysis (material + analysis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Chemistry33%

Selected Abstracts

Single-Molecule Spectroscopy for Plastic Electronics: Materials Analysis from the Bottom-Up

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 15 2010
John M. Lupton
Abstract , -conjugated polymers find a range of applications in electronic devices. These materials are generally highly disordered in terms of chain length and chain conformation, besides being influenced by a variety of chemical and physical defects. Although this characteristic can be of benefit in certain device applications, disorder severely complicates materials analysis. Accurate analytical techniques are, however, crucial to optimising synthetic procedures and assessing overall material purity. Fortunately, single-molecule spectroscopic techniques have emerged as an unlikely but uniquely powerful approach to unraveling intrinsic material properties from the bottom up. Building on the success of such techniques in the life sciences, single-molecule spectroscopy is finding increasing applicability in materials science, effectively enabling the dissection of the bulk down to the level of the individual molecular constituent. This article reviews recent progress in single molecule spectroscopy of conjugated polymers as used in organic electronics. [source]

A comparison of EDI with solvent-free MALDI and LDI for the analysis of organic pigments

JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 4 2008
Ichiro Kudaka
Abstract To evaluate the applicability of EDI to material analysis as a new ionization method, a comparison of EDI with solvent-free matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and laser desorption ionization (LDI) was made for the analysis of organic pigments, e.g. Pigment Yellow 93, Pigment Yellow 180, and Pigment Green 36, as test samples, which are poorly soluble in standard solvents. In EDI, the samples were prepared in two ways: deposition of suspended samples in appropriate solvents and dried on the substrate, and the direct deposition of the powder samples on the substrate. No matrices were used. Both sample preparation methods gave similar mass spectra. Equally strong signals of [M + H]+ and [M , H], ions were observed with some fragment ions for azo pigments in the respective positive or negative mode of operation. For the powder sample of the phthalocyanine pigment PG36, M+, and [M + H]+ in the positive mode and M,, in the negative mode of operation were observed as major ions. Positive-mode, solvent-free MALDI gave M+, [M + H]+ and [M + Na]+ and negative mode gave [M , H], depending on the sample preparation. As solvent-free MALDI, EDI was also found to be an easy-to-operate, versatile method for the samples as received. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

,You gotta lie to it': software applications and the management of technological change in a call centre

NEW TECHNOLOGY, WORK AND EMPLOYMENT, Issue 2 2007
Bob RussellArticle first published online: 20 JUN 200
This paper advances an extended material analysis to the study of technological change in a call centre. It shows how such an analysis is particularly apropos for understanding the distance that often separates managerial intentions in introducing a new technology from the outcomes associated with how workers utilise it. [source]

A practical method for computing the largest M -eigenvalue of a fourth-order partially symmetric tensor

NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS, Issue 7 2009
Yiju Wang
Abstract In this paper, we consider a bi-quadratic homogeneous polynomial optimization problem over two unit spheres arising in nonlinear elastic material analysis and in entanglement studies in quantum physics. The problem is equivalent to computing the largest M -eigenvalue of a fourth-order tensor. To solve the problem, we propose a practical method whose validity is guaranteed theoretically. To make the sequence generated by the method converge to a good solution of the problem, we also develop an initialization scheme. The given numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Single-Molecule Spectroscopy for Plastic Electronics: Materials Analysis from the Bottom-Up

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 15 2010
John M. Lupton
Abstract , -conjugated polymers find a range of applications in electronic devices. These materials are generally highly disordered in terms of chain length and chain conformation, besides being influenced by a variety of chemical and physical defects. Although this characteristic can be of benefit in certain device applications, disorder severely complicates materials analysis. Accurate analytical techniques are, however, crucial to optimising synthetic procedures and assessing overall material purity. Fortunately, single-molecule spectroscopic techniques have emerged as an unlikely but uniquely powerful approach to unraveling intrinsic material properties from the bottom up. Building on the success of such techniques in the life sciences, single-molecule spectroscopy is finding increasing applicability in materials science, effectively enabling the dissection of the bulk down to the level of the individual molecular constituent. This article reviews recent progress in single molecule spectroscopy of conjugated polymers as used in organic electronics. [source]

New Powder Diffraction File (PDF-4) in relational database format: advantages and data-mining capabilities

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, Issue 3-1 2002
Soorya N. Kabekkodu
The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) is responding to the changing needs in powder diffraction and materials analysis by developing the Powder Diffraction File (PDF) in a very flexible relational database (RDB) format. The PDF now contains 136,895 powder diffraction patterns. In this paper, an attempt is made to give an overview of the PDF-4, search/match methods and the advantages of having the PDF-4 in RDB format. Some case studies have been carried out to search for crystallization trends, properties, frequencies of space groups and prototype structures. These studies give a good understanding of the basic structural aspects of classes of compounds present in the database. The present paper also reports data-mining techniques and demonstrates the power of a relational database over the traditional (flat-file) database structures. [source]