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Selected AbstractsRegistered nurse incentives to return to practice in the United StatesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 5 2009Joanne C Langan PhD RN This US study uniquely listened to registered nurses with current licenses who do not work as nurses or are unemployed. An electronic survey was advertised in 13 Boards of Nursing newsletters. Investigated was why nurses left nursing, what would entice them to return to nursing, and what skill review is essential to competent and confident return to nursing practice. Herzberg's theory was used to study factors affecting registered nurses' decision to practise nursing. Data were analysed using SPSS and manifest content analysis. Nurses (n = 127) identified various work conditions as the primary reasons for leaving nursing. Work condition improvement, recognition of one's work, opportunities for professional growth and family needs consideration were identified as key enticing factors for returning to nursing. Many respondents identified needing review of medicines, intravenous skills, new technologies and a refresher course. Acting on their voiced concerns will enhance nurse recruitment and retention. [source] Current practice in the management of children with cerebral palsy: a national survey of paediatric dietitiansJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 4 2003Hilary Hartley Abstract Background Dietitians play a key role in the clinical management of children with cerebral palsy. This survey was conducted with the aim of establishing an overview of current dietetic practice in the management of these children. Method A questionnaire which asked for information on aspects of dietetic practice relating to children with cerebral palsy was circulated to members of the British Dietetic Association during May to October 2000. Results Many respondents had a small caseload size. However, a larger caseload was linked to membership of a multi-disciplinary team, a greater proportion of severely disabled children and use of a wider range of anthropometric measurements. Dietitians who were members of a multi-disciplinary team were more likely to visit children at home. Conclusions This survey provides an overview of current dietetic practice in the UK regarding the management of children with cerebral palsy. There is a potential shortfall in specialist dietitians and this survey highlights some of the gaps in service provision. Children with cerebral palsy benefit from dietetic input and there is an increasing need for specialist dietitians to be involved in their management. It will be necessary to continue to identify any gaps and find ways to overcome them. [source] Treatment planning for replacing missing teeth in UK general dental practice: current trendsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2010P. M. PATEL Summary, The aim of this study was to examine the confidence, barriers and attitudes towards the replacement of missing teeth by general dental practitioners (GDPs). The perceived impact of the recently introduced National Health Service (NHS) contract on the provision of prosthodontic treatments was also considered. Pre-piloted postal questionnaires were mailed to 500 GDPs in Wales. Open- and closed-ended questions were utilised to establish confidence, adequacy of training and attitudes towards treatments for replacing missing teeth. Two hundred and seventeen completed questionnaires were received (response rate = 43·4%). Many respondents described themselves as ,confident' or ,very confident' in the provision of removable partial dentures (RPDs) (acrylic = 100%, metal based = 99·5%), cantilever resin-bonded bridges (94·4%) and conventional bridgework (98·6%). GDPs were ,not confident' providing fixed-fixed resin-bonded bridges (21·1%) or implants (81·4%). Financial barriers were identified to the provision of prosthodontic treatments, including comments such as "the new [National Health Service] contract does limit the treatments available". Privately funded patients were more likely to be offered a fixed bridge or implant replacement of a missing upper first molar, whereas non-privately funded patients were more likely to be offered no treatment (P < 0·01). Most respondents reported confidence at providing more routine forms of prosthodontic care such as RPDs and bridges. It appears that funding arrangements may have an impact on treatments offered to replace missing teeth, particularly under the current NHS contract. [source] Postcementation hypersensitivity: Scientific data versus dentists' perceptionsJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 2 2003Stephen F. Rosenstiel BDS Purpose The purpose of this article was to obtain dentists' opinions via an Internet survey as to the prevalence, causes, and prevention of postcementation sensitivity and compare their responses with published data on the problem. Materials and Methods Information as to respondents opinions of postcementation sensitivity was obtained from an Internet survey asking about their experience and for a ranking of the importance of each of 15 factors. Results A total of 466 valid responses were received. The incidence of postcementation sensitivity was estimated to be less than 2% by more than 2/3 of the dentists. The factors considered "very important" in reducing sensitivity by more than 50% of the respondents were desiccation, luting agent, occlusion, provisional, and water spray. Conclusions Comparing respondents' opinions with published clinical studies, the incidence of postcementation sensitivity appears to be underestimated. There is little published evidence to support the importance of antimicrobials, desensitizing, or bonding agents, although these are considered effective by some dentists. Many respondents consider luting agent to be an important variable. [source] Impact of UK academic foundation programmes on aspirations to pursue a career in academiaMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 10 2010Oliver T A Lyons Medical Education 2010: 44: 996,1005 Objectives, This study aimed to determine the role played by academic foundation programmes in influencing junior doctors' desire to pursue a career in academic medicine. Methods, We conducted an online questionnaire-based study of doctors who were enrolled on or had completed academic foundation programmes in the UK. There were 92 respondents (44 men, 48 women). Of these, 32 (35%) possessed a higher degree and 73 (79%) had undertaken a 4-month academic placement during Foundation Year 2. Outcomes were measured using Likert scale-based ordinal response data. Results, From a cohort of 115 academic foundation trainees directly contacted, 46 replies were obtained (40% response rate). A further 46 responses were obtained via indirect notification through local programme directors. From the combined responses, the majority (77%) wished to pursue a career in academia at the end of the academic Foundation Year (acFY) programme. Feeling well informed about academic careers (odds ratio [OR] 16.9, p = 0.005) and possessing a higher degree (OR 31.1, p = 0.013) were independently associated with an increased desire to continue in academia. Concern about reduced clinical experience whilst in academic training dissuaded from continuing in academia (OR 0.15, p = 0.026). Many respondents expressed concerns about autonomy, the organisation of the programme and the quantity and quality of academic teaching received. However, choice of work carried out during the academic block was the only variable independently associated with increasing the desire of respondents to pursue a career in academia following their experiences in the acFY programme (OR 6.3, p = 0.007). Conclusions, The results support the provision of well-organised academic training programmes that assist junior clinical academics in achieving clinical competencies whilst providing protected academic time, information about further academic training pathways and autonomy in their choice of academic work. [source] A national survey of the provision for patients with latex allergyANAESTHESIA, Issue 8 2003G. M. Yuill Summary The prevalence of latex allergy has increased since the 1980s. As latex is found throughout hospitals and operating theatres, careful planning is required for latex-allergic patients who present pre-operatively. We conducted a postal survey of 269 departments of anaesthesia in England and Wales; responses were received from 208 (77%). Of these, 198 (95%) had a latex allergy protocol and 181 (87%) had a store of latex-free equipment. Only 113 (54%) had a named nurse and 58 (28%) had a named consultant responsible for the update of latex allergy provisions. Access to allergy clinics and further investigations were available to 189 (91%). Many respondents called for national guidelines. We are reassured that the majority of trusts have an up-to-date latex allergy protocol and latex-free equipment store. However, relatively few have nominated members of staff responsible for these and peri-operative care of susceptible patients. [source] Research and development at the health and social care interface in primary care: a scoping exercise in one National Health Service regionHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 6 2002Jo Cooke MA Abstract The present project aimed to identify research activity at the health and social care interface in primary care within one National Health Service region, and to determine levels of research capacity and support within social services. The study was commissioned by a primary care research network (PCRN) in order to assess opportunities to increase research capacity within social services. Data were collected in two phases from 61 managers, team leaders and senior practitioners in social care, and six public health representatives in health authorities, using telephone interviews and focus groups. The findings highlighted a lack of infrastructure and support for research and development in social care. However, many social care respondents wanted opportunities to develop research skills with healthcare colleagues. Despite poor support, many small-scale projects were described, and many respondents showed an enthusiasm for engaging with research. Methods in use included surveys, action research, needs analysis and evaluation of service developments. Many examples of user involvement were given. Interface projects were usually instigated by interagency forums and funded from multiple sources. Most project work was motivated by service improvement or development, rather than aiming to produce generalisable knowledge. Barriers to conducting research included lack of confidence, research skills and time, as well as workload demands, lack of cover to release staff for research and lack of supervision. Research was not seen as legitimate work in some social care environments or as part of a career path. Existing joint working initiatives (such as the National Service Frameworks) were highlighted as flashpoints for potential research and evaluation activity. The findings suggest clear opportunities for PCRNs to develop research capacity at the interface with social care; for example, by signposting available resources, providing training grants and secondments for social care staff, and supporting interagency networks with a focus on evaluation. In turn, experience in promoting user involvement in social services could add value to research expertise at the primary care,social care interface. [source] Consumer attitudes and acceptance of genetically modified organisms in KoreaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 3 2003Hyochung Kim Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were first used to designate micro organisms that had had genes from other species transferred into their genetic material by the then-new techniques of ,gene-splicing.' Cultivation of GMOs has so far been most widespread in the production of soybeans and maize. The United States holds almost three-fourths of the total crop area devoted to GMOs. Because many crops have been imported from the US, there is a large possibility for consumers to intake the products of GMOs in Korea. The safety of GMOs is not scientifically settled at this time, however. Additionally, the research regarding the GMOs issue of consumers has rarely been conducted in Korea. This study therefore focused on the consumer attitudes about GMOs and willingness to purchase them. The data were collected from 506 adults living in Seoul, Daegu and Busan, Korea, by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies and chi-square tests were conducted by SPSS. The results of the survey were as follows. First, the consumer concerns about GMOs were high but recognition was low; many respondents answered they did not have exact information about GMOs, although they had heard about them. Second, almost 93% of the respondents desired the labelling of GMOs. Third, the level of acceptance of GMOs was high; two-thirds of the respondents showed that they were willing to buy GMOs. Finally, many respondents worried about the safety of GMOs in that 73% of the respondents primarily wanted to be informed about safety of GMOs. This study suggests that the consumer education about GMOs should be conducted through mass media and consumer protection organisations. [source] Methodological issues in online data collectionJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 5 2007Mary Ann Cantrell Abstract Title.,Methodological issues in online data collection Aim., This paper is a report of a study to evaluate the use of an online data collection method to survey early survivors of childhood cancer about their physical and psychosocial characteristics and health-related quality of life. Background., A major advantage in conducting web-based nursing research is the ability to involve participants who are challenging to study because of their small numbers or inaccessibility because of geographic location. As paediatric oncology patients and early survivors of childhood cancer are often not easily accessible because of their small numbers at single institutions, web-based research methods have been proposed as a potentially effective approach to collect data in studies involving these clinical populations. Method., Guided by published literature on using the Internet for data collection, an online protocol was developed; this included construction of a website, development of a homepage and interactive HyperText Markup Language pages and the posting of the study link on various websites. Data collection occurred over a 6-month period between December 2005 and May 2006. Findings., Despite using strategies in conducting online research cited in published literature, the recruitment of subjects was very prolonged and the volume of missing data among many respondents excluded them from the study and created bias within the study's results. Conclusion., Web-based, online data collection methods create opportunities to conduct research globally, especially among difficult to access populations. However, web-based research requires careful consideration of how the study will be advertized and how data will be collected to ensure high quality data and validity of the findings. [source] A qualitative study of adaptation to the euro in the Republic of Ireland: I. attitudes, the ,euro illusion' and the perception of pricesJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Rob Ranyard Abstract This is the first of two reports of a study using semi-structured, in-depth interviews to explore the current and recollected experiences of Irish people for the period before, during, and after the introduction of euro notes and coins (1 January 2002). Twenty-four adults, 12 males and 12 females, covering a range of ages and educational attainment, were interviewed between October 2002 and February 2003. We found that most had welcomed the new currency initially, though some had felt less positive about it, whilst current experiences were more mixed. People's explanations for their attitudes seemed to focus more on the economic and practical aspects of currency change rather than symbolic meanings. Initially, most had experienced a euro illusion (prices in euros seeming to be more expensive than in punts). However, for most, the strength of the illusion appeared to diminish quite quickly. Nonetheless, current prices were believed to be higher, and many respondents attributed this either directly or indirectly to the change of currency. Although independent evidence found that there had been price increases in certain sectors, it was concluded that perceived price rises were, in part, illusory, and driven by expectations and selective price monitoring. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Lawyers at Mid-Career: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study of Job and Life SatisfactionJOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 3 2009John Monahan This study is the first to our knowledge to simultaneously measure the predictors of lawyers' satisfaction with their careers and the predictors of lawyers' satisfaction with their lives more broadly. One class of the University of Virginia School of Law was studied between their matriculation in 1987 and their graduation in 1990. All 360 living graduates of this class were contacted in 2007, with a response rate of 72.2 percent. Descriptive information was obtained and empirically validated measures of both career satisfaction and life satisfaction were administered. Respondents were found to have taken many diverse career paths, with most (85 percent) having changed jobs at least once, and half having changed jobs at least twice. Gender differences in the personal and professional lives of respondents were pervasive. Women graduates were far more likely than men to interrupt or forego full-time employment (39 percent vs. 1 percent), mainly in order to care for children, and were also more likely to have a spouse or partner employed full time outside the home (77 percent vs. 24 percent). Working conditions at large private law firms emerged as a significant problem for many respondents; half of those who started their careers in large firms left to go to a different type of employer. Finally, both career satisfaction and life satisfaction were found to be high, with 81 percent of the respondents satisfied with their decision to become a lawyer, and 86 percent satisfied with their lives more broadly. [source] Soldiers With Musculoskeletal InjuriesJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 3 2008Bonnie M. Jennings Purpose: To describe Soldiers' (e.g., U.S. Army personnel) perspectives of the effect of musculoskeletal injuries. Design: Data were collected in the summer of 2003 using a prospective survey design. The survey was mailed to active duty Soldiers on modified work plans because of musculoskeletal injuries. These Soldiers were assigned to one Army installation in the US. Methods: Responses to the survey questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The numerous handwritten comments were evaluated qualitatively. Findings: Injuries most often involved the back and knees (18% each). At least 47% of the injuries were work related. Injuries interfered with Soldiers' abilities to perform military tasks such as road marching (80%) and organized physical training (69%). Although many respondents indicated they were not experiencing pain, at least some Soldiers reported mild pain for each of 19 anatomic locations. Severe pain was reported most often for the lower back (21%). In their written comments, Soldiers expressed a sense of frustration with their injuries, the healthcare system and providers, and their unit leaders. Conclusions: Healthcare personnel are challenged to better manage Soldiers with musculoskeletal injuries and expedite their return to full duty. Unit leaders are challenged to create work environments that focus on injury prevention and allow injured Soldiers time to heal. Clinical Relevance: The Soldiers in this study were often engaged in physically challenging work or sports activities when injured. Because people outside the Army engage in similar activities (e.g., construction workers, endurance athletes), the findings from this study might be applicable to nonmilitary communities. Additionally, with the number of Reserve and National Guard Soldiers currently on active duty, civilian nurses might be caring for Soldiers with musculoskeletal injuries. [source] Using Macrophytes in Urban Stream Rehabilitation: A Cautionary TaleRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Alastair M. Suren Abstract Native macrophytes were transplanted into a small urban stream as part of a rehabilitation program, that also meandered the previously channeled stream, naturalized stream banks, and planted native riparian vegetation. Transplanted macrophytes minimized spread of introduced macrophytes and were viewed beneficially by residents, as was the stream rehabilitation. We transplanted the native macrophyte Myriophyllum triphyllum into five larger streams dominated by exotic macrophytes,some of which were weeded prior to transplanting,to see whether Myriophyllum could prevent regrowth of weeded plants. Transplanted Myriophyllum plants were washed away in two streams, reflecting high shear stresses there. Myriophyllum cover in the other streams decreased as weeded plants regrew. Our attempt at eliminating exotic macrophytes in patches in large streams was unsuccessful. Furthermore, council authorities weeded other experimental sections following complaints from residents of excess macrophyte growth. This problem highlighted conflicting multiple values placed on urban streams by managers and the public. A repeat survey of residents living near the original rehabilitated stream showed that many respondents were now critical of excessive plant growth,both in-stream and riparian. A recurring comment made concerned the apparent lack of maintenance to the stream, giving it an untidy appearance. Difficulties with propagating and transplanting native macrophytes into larger streams, coupled with a negative perception of native vegetation (both in-stream and riparian) if it looks unmanaged, suggest that planting macrophytes or riparian plants as part of urban stream rehabilitation programs may be more problematic than realized. [source] Prevention in integrated children's services: the impact of sure start on referrals to social services and child protection registrationsCHILD ABUSE REVIEW, Issue 1 2007John Carpenter Abstract Every Child Matters, the English government's plans for integrated children's services, proposed that preventative approaches such as those developed through Sure Start should be able to reduce the numbers of children requiring more intensive support from children's social services and, by implication, the numbers of children on the child protection register. This study examined the impact of Sure Start local programmes (SSLPs) on four local authorities with social services responsibilities in the northeast of England. The researchers analysed routinely collected statistical data concerning over 10,000 referrals of children under four years and over 1,600 child protection registrations (CPRs) in an eight-year period before and after the introduction of 19 SSLPs. They also analysed interviews with 36 key informants in eight case study SSLP areas. Contrary to expectations, the quantitative data revealed no discernable short-term effect on the numbers of referrals, or on CPRs. Interview data showed broad agreement on the potential impact of preventative work undertaken by SSLPs and many respondents believed that it was too early to draw conclusions. Alternatively, the universal approach to prevention within the Sure Start areas and the attempts to provide non-stigmatising and non-intrusive community-based services may be ineffective in reducing the need for intensive support for ,at risk' families. The findings are discussed in relation to ,targeted' prevention programmes and government policy intentions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||