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Manure Treatment (manure + treatment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	62%
Chemistry	25%

Selected Abstracts

Increases in pH and soluble salts influence the effect that additions of organic residues have on concentrations of exchangeable and soil solution aluminium

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002
M. S. Mokolobate
Summary It has been suggested that additions of organic residues to acid soils can ameliorate Al toxicity. For this reason the effects of additions of four organic residues to an acid soil on pH and exchangeable and soil solution Al were investigated. The residues were grass, household compost, filter cake (a waste product from sugar mills) and poultry manure, and they were added at rates equivalent to 10 and 20 t ha,1. Additions of residues increased soil pH measured in KCl (pH(KCl)) and decreased exchangeable Al3+ in the order poultry manure > filter cake > household compost > grass. The mechanism responsible for the increase in pH differed for the different residues. Poultry manure treatment resulted in lower soil pH measured in water (pH(water)) and larger concentrations of total (AlT) and monomeric (Almono) Al in soil solution than did filter cake. This was attributed to a soluble salt effect, originating from the large cation content of poultry manure, displacing exchangeable Al3+ and H+ back into soil solution. The considerably larger concentrations of soluble C in soil solution originating from the poultry manure may also have maintained greater concentrations of Al in soluble complexed form. There was a significant negative correlation (r = ,0.94) between pH(KCl) and exchangeable Al. Concentrations of AlT and Almono in soil solution were not closely related with pH or exchangeable Al. The results suggest that although additions of organic residues can increase soil pH and decrease Al solubility, increases in soluble salt and soluble C concentrations in soil solution can substantially modify these effects. [source]

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrients for Soil Quality Conservation and Yield of Rainfed Low Land Rice in Sub-tropical Plateau Region

JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 5 2006
P. Banik
Abstract The effect of organic sources of nutrients and inorganic fertilizers, was studied on grain yield of lowland rice and some aspect of soil quality parameters in a field experiment at Agricultural Experimental Farm of Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, situated at eastern plateau region of India, during consecutive years 1997,2002. Chemical fertilizers and various organic matters were applied to two rice cultivars, Sabita and Subarna. The highest mean grain yield was 3.53 t ha,1 and maximum agronomic efficiency was 60.3 % with the application of inorganic fertilizer followed by cow dung, where 3.47 t ha,1 grain yield was recorded with an agronomic efficiency of 57.5 %. Grain yield of rice recorded under organic sources of nutrients was not significantly different from that of inorganic fertilization though there was improvement in soil quality parameters under organic sources. Soil organic carbon (0.72 %), microbial biomass-C (279.23 ,g g,1 dry soil), urease activity with buffer (33.54 ,g urea hydrolyzed g,1 oven-dry soil) and non-buffer (21.97 ,g urea hydrolyzed g,1 of oven-dry soil) methods and acid phosphatase activity (2.24 ,g para-nitrophenol released g,1 of oven-dry soil) analysed following the harvest of the crop were highest under cow dung manure treatment; the most efficient organic source under the experiment. Mean grain yield of rice was significantly higher in Sabita cultivar over Subarna. The regression analyses among the variables have shown that there was linear relationship among soil parameters and grain yield of rice. [source]

Nutrient composition of tomato products prepared using tomato grown under sodic condition with gypsum and farmyard manure treatment

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 15 2009
Varsha Rani
Abstract BACKGROUND: The use of sodic water for crop irrigation decreases the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and zinc to plants and harms crop yield and quality. Crops irrigated with sodic water have been utilised in various product formulations. Gypsum and farmyard manure (FYM) are known to provide good soil amendment under sodic water irrigation. This research was therefore conducted to study the variation in nutrient composition of tomato products prepared from tomatoes irrigated with canal water (control) and those irrigated with sodic water treated with gypsum and FYM at two levels, i.e. 50% neutralisation of sodicity (G1F2) and complete neutralisation of sodicity (G2F2). RESULTS: The contents of protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and total soluble sugars in three types of tomato product were in the ranges 1.08,1.68, 0.20,0.31, 0.43,1.07, 0.83,1.06, 6.17,7.22 and 2.32,4.81 g kg,1 respectively. Tomato products prepared from tomatoes irrigated with G1F2 -treated water contained significantly (P < 0.05) less protein, fat, crude fibre, dietary fibre, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and sulfate but more ash, carbohydrate, total soluble sugars, oxalic acid, polyphenols, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate than those prepared from tomatoes irrigated with canal water and G2F2 -treated water. CONCLUSION: The results showed that tomato crops irrigated with sodic water treated with gypsum and FYM to varying extent were effective in maintaining and improving the nutrient composition of various tomato products. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Effect of using different types of organic animal manure on plankton abundance, and on growth and survival of Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger) in ponds

AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 13 2006
Jeremiah Kang'ombe
Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using different types of organic manure on the plankton abundance, and growth and survival of Tilapia rendalli juveniles in ponds. Fish weighing 18.15±0.44 g were stocked into 12, 20 m2 ponds at 2 fish m,2 (40 fish pond,1). There were three replicate ponds per treatment (chicken manure, cattle manure, pig manure, and no-manure as a control). After 84 days the T. rendalli in the chicken manure treatment were significantly larger and had higher net annual yields than those in the cattle manure, pig manure and no-manure treatments. The survival rates were not significantly different across the treatments. Significantly higher amounts of chlorophyll a and higher numbers of zooplankton were found in ponds fertilized with the chicken manure treatment. The overall results obtained in this study suggest that the use of chicken manure produces better results than cattle and pig manure treatments on unfertilized ponds. [source]

Soil organic carbon contents in long-term experimental grassland plots in the UK (Palace Leas and Park Grass) have not changed consistently in recent decades

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 7 2009
D. W. HOPKINS
Abstract A recent report of widespread declines in soil organic C (SOC) in the UK over the 10,25 years until the early 2000s has focussed attention on the importance of resampling previously characterized sites to assess long-term trends in SOC contents and the importance of soils as a potentially volatile and globally significant reservoir of terrestrial C. We have used two sets of long-term experimental plots which have been under constant and known management for over a century and for which historical data exist that allow comparison over recent decades to determine what, if any, changes in SOC content have occurred. The plots used are the Palace Leas (PL) Meadow Hay Plots in north-east England (UK) established in 1897, and from the Park Grass (PG) Continuous Hay experiment established in 1856 at Rothamsted in south-east England. Collectively, these plots represent the only grassland sites in the UK under long-term management where changes in SOC over several decades can be assessed, and are probably unique in the world. The plots have received different manure and fertilizer treatment and have been under known management for at least 100 years. In 1982, total SOC contents were determined for the 0,27 cm layer of six of the PL plots using measurements of SOC concentrations, bulk density and soil depth. In 2006, the same six PL plots were resampled and SOC contents determined again. Four of the plots showed no net change in SOC content, but two plots showed net loss of SOC of 15% and 17% (amounting to decreases of 18 and 15 t C ha,1) since 1982. However, these differences in total SOC content were in a similar range to the variations in bulk density (6,31%) with changing soil water content. In 1959, the soil masses and SOC concentrations to 23 cm depth were measured on six PG plots with fertilizer and manure treatments corresponding closely with those measured on PL. In 2002, the SOC concentrations on the same plots were measured again. On three of the PG plots, SOC concentrations had declined by 2,10%, but in the other three it had increased by 4,8% between 1959 and 2002. If it is assumed that the soil bulk density had not changed over this period, the losses of SOC from the top soils ranged range from 10 to 3 t C ha,1, while the gains ranged from 4 to 7 t C ha,1. When the differences with time in SOC contents for the six PL and the six PG plots were examined using paired t -tests, that is, regarding the plots as two sets of six replicate permanent grasslands, there were no significant differences between 1982 and 2006 for the PL plots or between 1959 and 2002 for the PG plots. Thus, these independent observations on similar plots at PL and PG indicate there has been no consistent decrease in SOC stocks in surface soils under old, permanent grassland in England in recent decades, even though meteorological records for both sites indicate significant warming of the soil and air between 1980 and 2000. Because the potential influences of changes in management or land use have been definitively excluded, and measured rather than derived bulk densities have been used to convert from SOC concentrations to SOC amounts, our observations question whether for permanent grassland in England, losses in SOC in recent decades reported elsewhere can be attributed to widespread environmental change. [source]

Impact of Phosphorus from Dairy Manure and Commercial Fertilizer on Perennial Grass Forage Production

JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 6 2003
E. A. Mikhailova
Abstract Increased recovery and recycling of manure phosphorus (P) by crops on dairy farms is needed to minimize environmental problems. The main objective of this study was to compare P utilization by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) from dairy manure or inorganic fertilizer. The study was conducted from 1994 to 2000 at the Cornell University Baker Farm, Willsboro, NY, on a somewhat poorly drained Kingsbury clay (very,fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs). The design was a split-plot in a randomized complete block with two manure rates (16 800 and 33 600 kg ha,1) and one nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (84 kg N ha,1 at spring greenup and 56 kg N ha,1 prior to each regrowth harvest) as the main plots and grass species as subplots replicated six times. Fertilizer P [Ca(H2PO4)2] was applied to the fertilizer treatment in 1995 and 1996 at 11 kg P ha,1 year,1. Orchardgrass P removal averaged 21 % higher than tall fescue P removal for the spring harvest, but orchardgrass averaged 24 % lower P removal than tall fescue removal for all regrowth harvests from 1995,99. Phosphorus herbage concentration in the fertilizer treatment was in the range of 1.9,2.7 g P kg,1 compared with 2.2,5.3 g P kg,1 in the manure treatments. Seasonal P removal ranged from as low as 9.2 kg P ha,1 to as high as 48.5 kg P ha,1. Morgan extractable soil P in the top 0,0.20 m remained high through 1999, with 29.1 kg P ha,1 at the highest manure rate in tall fescue compared with 8.4 kg P ha,1 measured in 1993 prior to the experiment. In 2000, soil P at the highest manure rate in tall fescue dropped to 10.1 kg P ha,1, following cessation of manure application in 1998. Intensively managed harvested orchardgrass and tall fescue have the potential to remove large quantities of manure P. [source]

Replacing methyl bromide in annual strawberry production with glucosinolate-containing green manure crops,

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 9 2003
Luca Lazzeri
Abstract The use of biocidal green manure crops is an agronomic technique for amending soil with fresh organic matter containing volatile compounds active in controlling some soil-borne pests and diseases. Two new selections of the Brassicaceae family were cultivated, incorporated before planting strawberries and tested as an alternative to fumigation with methyl bromide. Two biocidal green manure crops (Brassica juncea L sel ISCI20, Eruca sativa Mill cv Nemat) containing glucosinolate,myrosinase systems, a conventional green manure (barley), untreated soil and a fumigated control were evaluated during two seasons. The effect of these soil management systems on subsequent strawberry performance was evaluated by monitoring yield and plant growth parameters. In both years, biocidal plant green manure treatments led to a fruit yield lower than with methyl bromide, but higher than with conventional green manure or untreated soil. These results confirm the good prospects for biocidal green manures, not only as an environmentally friendly alternative to methyl bromide in conventional agriculture, but also in organic agriculture as an alternative to conventional green manure crops. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source]