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Selected AbstractsFermentation Capabilities of Bifidobacteria Using Nondigestible Oligosaccharides, and Their Viability as Probiotics in Commercial Powder Infant FormulaJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005Darío Pérez-Conesa ABSTRACT The species Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum biotype infantis (Spanish type culture collection), and Bifidobacterium longum (Morinaga nutritional foods) were evaluated in vitro in the presence of 4 commercial nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) (short-chain fructooligosaccharides [SCFOS] [degree of polymerization, DP: 2,3], inulin [DP: 10,0], oligofructose [DP: 2,0] and 4,-galactosyllactose [4,-GOS] [DP: 3,]). Each species was incubated anaerobically in tryptone phytone yeast (TPY) broth for 7 d with NDO. Every 24 h, bifidobacteria growth was evaluated by means of broth turbidity as optical density at 600 nm. Moreover, another sample was collected for pH culture measurement. Results showed that inulin was the substrate with the least effect on the stimulation of bifidobacteria growth and pH decrease. On the last day of incubation, the substrate 4,-GOS stimulated bacterial growth more strongly and produced a larger decrease in culture broth pH than the other substrates. On the other hand, B. bifidum and B. longum showed a greater growth with 4,-GOS. In a 2nd study, these 2 bifidobacteria species were added to a powder follow-on probiotic infant formula. The viability of the bifidobacteria during the formula's period of consumption was evaluated in 2 studies of 6 and 14 d. Both corresponded to the minimum and maximum time of consumption of the formula according to the manufacturer's directions. It was found that, although in both studies bifidobacteria counts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with time, they were always above the recommended addition level (106 colony-forming units [CFU]/g) at the time of sale for dairy products by the Intl. Standard of Fédération Internationale de Laiterie/International Dairy Federation (FIL/IDF). Moreover, because the pH of the reconstituted formula was always close to neutrality (from 6.74 to 7.06), the number of bacteria did not drop below the recommended level. [source] Comparative mechanical property characterization of three indirect composite resin materials compared with two direct compositesPOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 6 2003Dr. Figen Demirel Abstract Various new indirect composite materials have been developed with required advantages. In this study three indirect composite material (Artglass, Belleglass HP, Targis) were tested for flexural strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance and hardness against Filtek P60 and Z-100. Five specimens of each material were fabricated according to the manufacturer's directions. The flexural strength and fracture toughness was measured using the bending test. The wear test was performed to accelerated wear in a toothbrushing apparatus. Vickers hardness was measured for each of the tested materials. The statistical tests used for flexural strength, fracture toughness, wear and hardness were One-way ANOVA and Kruskal,Wallis test. The level of statistical significance chosen was p,=,0.05. Results of the study showed that Filtek P60 was superior to the other composites in all tests. Significant differences were found among the materials. The differences in flexural strength, fracture toughnes, wear and hardness may have been due to differences in chemistry or method of polymerization of the composites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparison of apical transportation between ProFileÔ and ProTaperÔ NiTi rotary instrumentsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 6 2004M. K. Iqbal Abstract Aim, To use a newly developed radiographic technique to compare apical transportation and loss of working length (WL) between .06 taper ProFileÔ Series 29 and ProTaperÔ nickel,titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in vitro. Methodology, Mesio-buccal canals of 40 extracted mandibular molars were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 was instrumented with ProFileÔ and group 2 with ProTaperÔ instruments according to the manufacturers' directions. A specially constructed radiographic jig with a Schick digital radiographic system (Schick Technologies Inc., Long Island City, NY, USA) was used to take pre- and postoperative radiographs of the samples at predetermined angulations. Using AutoCAD 2000 (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA), the central axes of initial and final instruments were radiographically superimposed to determine the loss of WL and degree of transportation at D0, D1, D2 and D4 from the WL. Data were analysed using repeated-measures anova. Results, A statistically significant difference in apical transportation was found at the D4 level between the two groups (P = 0.05). There was no statistical significance regarding postinstrumentation change in WL between groups. Spearman's Bivariate Correlation analysis indicated no statistically significant relationship between the radius of curvature and transportation. Conclusion, The results indicate that both ProTaperÔ and ProFileÔ instruments are comparable to each other in regards to their ability to optimally enlarge root canal with minimal transportation and loss of WL in vitro. [source] Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Three Different Prefabricated Esthetic PostsJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2003PAULO C. A. MACCARI DDS ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of composition of prefabricated esthetic posts in fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth in vitro. Materials and Methods: Thirty human, single-rooted teeth (maxillary central incisors and canines) with similar root dimensions, extracted for therapeutic reasons, were used in this study. The crowns were removed below the cementoenamel junction to obtain a standard root length of 17 mm. The roots were endodontically treated following the conventional manual technique and randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) according to the post used: Aestheti-Post, Bisco, Schaumberg, Illinois; FibreKor Post, Jeneric/Pentron, Wallingford, Connecticut; and CosmoPost, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein. The root canals were rendered patent, and the root preparations were standardized through flaring with the manufacturers' drills included in the respective kits. The posts were cemented with an adhesive system and a resin cement (All-Bond 2 and C & B, Bisco, respectively), according to the manufacturers' directions. Composite resin (Tetric Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) crowns were built up using a preformed polyester matrix, and the specimens were mounted in metallic rings with cold-cure acrylic resin and kept in saline solution at 4°C for 24 hours. Fracture resistance was then determined using an EMIC DL-2000 universal testing machine. The crosshead speed was 0.5 mm/min with the 45-degree compressing load at the middle third of the crown. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey'stest (p<.001). Results: Mean fracture resistance was as follows: Aestheti-Post, 83.5 kgf; FibreKor Post, 85.7 kgf; and CosmoPost, 36.5 kgf. The fracture strength of CosmoPost was significantly lower than that of the other posts. Teeth restored with CosmoPost had post fractures, and in three specimens, those were associated with root fractures. Teeth restored with the other two posts presented fractures on the composite crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Compared with ceramic posts, carbon-fiber and glass-fiber prefabricated esthetic posts provide endodontically treated teeth higher fracture resistance. [source] | ||||||||||