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Mandibular Length (mandibular + length)
Selected AbstractsCraniofacial morphology in patients with hypophosphataemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets: a cephalometric studyJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2009S. H. AL-JUNDI Summary, Hypophosphataemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) is a hereditary disease mainly transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait and characterized by certain general clinical signs (Filho HM, de Castro LC, Damiani D. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2006;50:802). In literature, only one study had been published in 1965 on the cephalometric findings in patients with HVDRR (Marks SC, Lindahl RL, Bawden JW. J Dent Child. 1965;32:259). This is the first detailed study on craniofacial characteristics of patients with HVDRR in the dental literature. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HVDRR on the parameters of the craniofacial skeleton of young Jordanian patients using cephalometric analysis. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were made for 22 Jordanian children (aged 2,16 years) diagnosed with HVDRR. The cephalometeric parameters of HVDRR group were compared with those of normal control group matched for gender and chronological age using paired t -test. The HVDRR group had a significant increase in the SNBa angle (P < 0·01); as well as reduced anterior cranial base length (P = 0·01), reduced maxillary length, corpus mandibular length and mandibular height (P = 0·01, 0·04 and 0·008 respectively). The cranial base and gonial angles were significantly increased in diseased individual, but the SNA and ANB angles were significantly reduced (P = 0·018 and 0·000 respectively). The angulation of the lower incisor to mandibular plane was also significantly reduced in the diseased group compared with Jordanian norm (P = 0·004). Patients with HVDRR have deficiency in the anterior cranial base length, ramus height and cranial base angle. Patients with HVDRR also have class III skeletal relationship. [source] The relationship between craniofacial anatomy and obstructive sleep apnoea: a case-controlled studyJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007AMA JOHAL Summary The aim of the study was to identify craniofacial and pharyngeal anatomical factors directly related to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The design and setting was a hospital-based, case-controlled study. Ninety-nine subjects (78 males and 21 females) with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA, who were referred to the Dental Hospital for construction of a mandibular advancement splint were recruited. A similar number of control subjects, matched for age and sex, were recruited after completing snoring and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires to exclude habitual snoring and daytime sleepiness. An upright cephalogram was obtained and skeletal and soft tissue landmarks were traced and digitized. In OSA subjects the anteroposterior skeletal measurements, including maxillary and mandibular length were reduced (P < 0.001). The intermaxillary space was found to be 3.1 mm shorter in OSA subjects (P = 0.001). The nasopharyngeal airway in OSA subjects was narrower (P < 0.001) but pharyngeal length showed no difference. The tongue size was increased (P = 0.021), soft plate length, thickness and area were all greater (P < 0.001) and the hyoid bone was more inferiorly positioned in OSA subjects (P < 0.001). This study identifies a significant number of craniofacial and pharyngeal anatomical factors directly related to OSA. [source] Hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and head posture in relation to relapse after the mandibular setback in skeletal Class IIIORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2000Gaoman Gu This study evaluates the process of relapse after mandibular setback surgery by an analysis of the role of craniofacial morphology, hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and head posture. Subjects examined were 62 patients who received the sagittal split ramus osteotomies (SSRO). Changes of the craniofacial and related structures were evaluated from the serial cephalograms up to 3 years after the surgery. Results indicated that mandibular relapse represented by Pg occurred mostly within 6 months after the surgery. A net setback of the mandible was 9.1 mm and the superior move was 1.7 mm, with a reduction of 7.2 mm in mandibular length, 4.2 mm in ramus height, 3.7 mm in posterior face height, 2.6° in gonial angle, an increase of 2.9° in mandibular plane angle (MPA) by the last examination. Hyoid bone moved backward and downward and head posture was raised. The forward relapse of Pg was correlated with the changes of ANB, MPA, ramus height and hyoid position. Only hyoid position was predictably correlated with mandibular morphology and head posture. These findings suggest that mandibular setback alters the relationship among the hyoid position, pharyngeal airway and the head posture. It might be critical, therefore, relapse is closely monitored and controlled before the full healing of fragments and new muscular balance is established. [source] CT analysis after distraction osteogenesis in Pierre Robin SequenceTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 2 2009Saswata Roy MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Early mandibular lengthening by distraction osteogenesis provides an alternative to traditional methods of airway management in infants with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Little evidence in the medical literature quantitatively demonstrates the changes in skeletal, soft tissue, and hypopharyngeal spaces with mandibular distraction. Study Design: Prospective analysis of a cohort of three patients with PRS. Methods: We reviewed a series of infants with PRS and severe upper airway obstruction who underwent mandibular distraction. The infants underwent mandibular lengthening with the same internal, unidirectional distraction osteogenesis device. Standardized serial computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained according to established protocol. Computed tomography data were extracted and analyzed with medical image analysis software for mandibulo-maxillary arch harmony, symmetry, hypopharyngeal airway volume, geniohyoid distance, distraction osteogenesis bone volume, and mandibular length. Results: Mandibulo-maxillary alveolar ridge distances were corrected to 0.5 mm after distraction. Clinical examination showed good arch harmony without open-bite or cross-bite deformities. Mandibular ramus was lengthened by 19.5%; the body, 43.4%. After distraction, total mandibular length was increased by 26.2%; hypopharyngeal airway volume, 192%; posterior distance from pharyngeal wall to tongue base, 198.9%; and geniohyoid distance, 14.1%. Conclusions: Unidirectional internal microdistractors can achieve good mandibulo-maxillary arch harmony. Hypopharyngeal airway volume increases substantially, with an even greater increase in distance between tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall. As the distal mandibular segment is distracted, the hyoid moves anteriorly, with minor increase in geniohyoid relationship. Internal mandibular microdistraction devices represent a substantial advance in airway obstruction management in infants with micrognathia. Laryngoscope, 2009 [source] | ||||||||||