Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Major Sugar (major + sugar)
Selected AbstractsVertical integration and trade policy: The case of sugarAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002Charles B. Moss The degree of vertical integration in the U.S. sugar industry between raw-sugar processing and sugar refining cannot be explained using theories of vertical integration based only on transaction costs. We graphically decompose the economic rents accruing to each level participant in the marketing channel. Different strategies of several major sugar producing, processing, and refining entities with regard to sugar quota policy are explored. Firms that are integrated from sugar production through to sugar marketing are less impacted by freer trade than are those that concentrate solely on production. We contrast the sugarcane industry in Florida and Louisiana with sugar beet production and processing in the northern plains. The sugar industry in Florida, because of the high degree of vertical integration, is much more capable of dealing with expanded sugar imports than either sugarcane producers in Louisiana or sugar beet growers in the northern plains where integration is not as pronounced. [Econ-Lit citations: Q18, Q11] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Glucose, fructose and sucrose content in broccoli, white cabbage and Portuguese cabbage grown in early and late seasonsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2001Eduardo Rosa Abstract Consumption of Portuguese cabbage and white cabbage is very high in Portugal, but diets including broccoli have been highly recommended owing to recognition of the health-protective effects of secondary plant metabolites. Broccoli production is generally concentrated in the summer/winter season, but the demand for a fresh product throughout the year requires production in other seasons. Sugars might affect flavour and the acceptance of broccoli by consumers. This study reports the free fructose, glucose and sucrose content in primary and secondary inflorescences of 11 cultivars of broccoli, one white cabbage and four Portuguese cabbages grown in early (March,July) and late (August,January) seasons in the northern region of Portugal. On average the results show that the total free sugar content in the broccoli cultivars, except for cv Marathon, is significantly (P,<,0.05) lower than in the other cabbages. Fructose was the major sugar in the three types of Brassica, representing between 48.8 and 56.9% of the total sugar content in broccoli cvs Marathon and Senshi respectively and between 48.7% (cv Mirandela) and 53.8% (cv Murciana) in the other cabbages. Glucose was the second major sugar, while sucrose represented a maximum of 20.5% in broccoli cv Shogun and 11.1% in cv Murciana. The growing season influenced the free sugar content, with generally higher levels in the spring/summer than in the summer/winter season in broccoli, while an opposite tendency was noted in the other Brassica species. In broccoli the sugar levels in the primary inflorescences were generally lower than in the secondary inflorescences, except for sucrose. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Co-operative actions and degradation analysis of purified xylan-degrading enzymes from Thermomonospora fusca BD25 on oat-spelt xylanJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2003M. Tuncer Abstract Aims: To determine and quantify the products from the degradation of xylan by a range of purified xylan-degrading enzymes, endoxylanase, , -xylosidase and , - l -arabinofuranosidase produced extracellularly by Thermomonospora fusca BD25. Methods and Results: The amounts of reducing sugars released from oat-spelt xylan by the actions of endoxylanase, , -xylosidase and , - l -arabinofuranosidase were equal to 28·1, 4·6 and 7% hydrolysis (as xylose equivalents) of the substrate used, respectively. However, addition of , -xylosidase and , - l -arabinofuranosidase preparation to endoxylanase significantly enhanced (70 and 20% respectively) the action of endoxylanase on the substrate. The combination of purified endoxylanase, , -xylosidase and , - l -arabinofuranosidase preparations produced a greater sugar yield (58·6% hydrolysis) and enhanced the total reducing sugar yield by around 50%. The main xylooligosaccharide products released using the action of endoxylanase alone on oat-spelt xylan were identified as xylobiose and xylopentose. , - l -Arabinofuranosidase was able to release arabinose and xylobiose from oat-spelt xylan. In the presence of all three purified enzymes the hydrolysis products of oat-spelt xylan were mainly xylose, arabinose and substituted xylotetrose with lesser amount of substituted xylotriose. Conclusions: The addition of the , -xylosidase and , - l -arabinofuranosidase enzymes to purified xylanases more than doubled the degradation of xylan from 28 to 58% of the total substrate with xylose and arabinose being the major sugars produced. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results highlight the role of xylan de-branching enzymes in the degradation of xylan and suggest that the use of enzyme cocktails may significantly improve the hydrolysis of xylan in industrial processes. [source] Evidences of high carbon catabolic enzyme activities during sporulation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Florida)JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2003Tapas K. Chakraborty Measurements of the specific activities of the representative enzymes of different pathways linked to carbohydrate metabolism indicate that glycolysis and TCA cycles are the major route of carbohydrate catabolism in the sporulating phase of fruiting body development in Pleurotus ostreatus. Enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway always showed lower specific activities as compared to those of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The activity of NADP linked glutamate dehydrogenase which is known to be an anabolic enzyme decreased drastically in sporulating fruiting bodies and in spore containing gill tissue (spore bearing structure). Mannitol dehydrogenase activity declined significantly in the sporulating phase of P. ostreatus. The high rate of metabolism during sporulation was further supported by a lower rate of gluconeogenesis at this stage. Concentrations of all the major sugars of the fruiting body (mannitol, glucose and trehalose) decreased in the mature fruiting body and gill tissue. This indicated high catabolic activities at this stage of development. [source] | ||||||||||