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Major Expansion (major + expansion)
Selected AbstractsThe implementation of nutritional advice for people with diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 10 2003Nutrition Subcommittee of the Diabetes Care Advisory Committee of Diabetes UK Abstract These consensus-based recommendations emphasize the practical implementation of nutritional advice for people with diabetes, and describe the provision of services required to provide the information. Important changes from previous recommendations include greater flexibility in the proportions of energy derived from carbohydrate and monounsaturated fat, further liberalization in the consumption of sucrose, more active promotion of foods with a low glycaemic index, and greater emphasis on the provision of nutritional advice in the context of wider lifestyle changes, particularly physical activity. Monounsaturated fats are now promoted as the main source of dietary fat because of their lower susceptibility to lipid peroxidation and consequent lower atherogenic potential. Consumption of sucrose for patients who are not overweight can be increased up to 10% of daily energy derived from carbohydrate provided that this is eaten in the context of a healthy diet and distributed throughout the day. Evidence is presented for the effectiveness of advice provided by trained dieticians. The increasing evidence for the importance of good metabolic control and the growing requirement for measures to prevent Type 2 diabetes in an increasingly obese population will require major expansion of dietetic services if the standards in National Service Frameworks are to be successfully implemented. [source] Mass Higher Education and the English: Wherein the Colleges?HIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2003Gareth Parry One of the distinctive features of the English encounter with mass higher education has been the uncertain and ambiguous role of further education colleges as providers of undergraduate education. Both before and during the major expansion that marked the shift to a mass scale of higher education in England, the higher education offered by colleges in the further education sector was commonly regarded as a residual or ancillary activity; its courses mostly at levels below the first degree and its growth in numbers among the slowest in higher education. In the period that followed, these same colleges were accorded a special mission in the delivery of short-cycle undergraduate education and, through their involvement in foundation degrees, were expected to lead a large part of the expansion in future years. The elevation of this provision, from a zone of ,low' or no policy to one of ,high' policy, has coincided with a radical reform of the planning, funding and quality arrangements for post-compulsory education. Under conditions less than favourable to the achievement of their higher education goals, colleges remain the responsibility of one administrative sector and higher education institutions the responsibility of another. [source] Gynaecologists blaze the trail in primary studies and systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracyAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Neil Philip JOHNSON As the Cochrane Collaboration is poised to begin publishing systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies in addition to its traditional systematic reviews of treatment effectiveness, we are likely to see a major expansion in the number of primary studies and systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy in the medical literature. Obstetricians and gynaecologists have played an important role in initiating this newer area of research. However, the methodology for such studies is challenging and the published literature is riddled with pitfalls. This editorial seeks to simplify the concepts involved in diagnostic test accuracy studies and systematic reviews, to reflect on the early development of this research in our specialty and to envision the future pathway for screening and diagnostic research. [source] The Keiva ice marginal zone on the Kola Peninsula, northwest Russia: a key component for reconstructing the palaeoglaciology of the northeastern Fennoscandian Ice SheetBOREAS, Issue 4 2007Clas H, ttestrand One of the key elements in reconstructing the palaeoglaciology of the northeastern sector of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet is the Keiva ice marginal zone (KIZ) along the southern and eastern coast of Kola Peninsula, including the Keiva I and II moraines. From detailed geomorphological mapping of the KIZ, primarily using aerial photographs and satellite images, combined with fieldwork, we observed the following. (1) The moraines display ice contact features on both the Kola side and the White Sea side along its entire length. (2) The Keiva II moraine is sloping along its length from c. 100 m a.s.l. in the west (Varzuga River) to c. 250 m a.s.l. in the east (Ponoy River). (3) The KIZ was partly overrun and fragmented by erosive White Sea-based ice after formation. From these observations we conclude that the KIZ is not a synchronous feature formed along the lateral side of a White Sea-based ice lobe. If it was, the moraines should have a reversed slope. Rather, we interpret it to be time transgressive, formed at a northeastward-migrating junction between a warm-based Fennoscandian Ice Sheet expanding from the west and southwest into the White Sea depression, and a sluggish cold-based ice mass centred over eastern Kola Peninsula. In contrast to earlier reconstructions, we find it unlikely that an ice expansion of this magnitude was a mere re-advance during the deglaciation. Instead, we propose that the KIZ was formed during a major expansion of a Fennoscandian Ice Sheet at a time pre-dating the Last Glacial Maximum. [source] The Effect of State Economic Development Incentives on Employment Growth of EstablishmentsJOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2002Todd M. Gabe This paper examines the effects of state economic development incentives on the growth of 366 Ohio manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments that launched major expansions between 1993 and 1995. Growth is measured as the actual employment change that occurred in these establishments and as the employment growth announced when expansions were launched. Empirical findings indicate that incentives have very little (or even a negative) effect on actual growth and they have a substantial positive effect on announced growth. Findings also suggest that establishments that received incentives overestimated their announced employment targets more than establishments that did not receive incentives. [source] | ||||||||||