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Main Excretory Duct (main + excretory_duct)
Selected AbstractsRecovery of rat submandibular salivary gland function following removal of obstruction: a sialometrical and sialochemical studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Samira M. Osailan Summary Functional recovery of the rat submandibular gland following ligation of the main excretory duct was examined. Rat submandibular glands were ligated for 1, 4 and 8 weeks using a micro-clip with a plastic tube. Micro-clips were removed and glands were allowed to recover for periods of 8, 16 and 24 weeks. Submandibular glands were stimulated with autonomimetic drugs (methacholine and isoprenaline) and salivas were collected from atrophic or de-ligated and contralateral control glands. Glands recovered almost full size (92% of control gland) following 24 weeks of de-ligation. Saliva volume secreted by ligated/de-ligated (RSM) and control (LSM) glands were similar with different doses of agonists. Protein output expressed per gram of tissue wet weight was similar from both ligated/de-ligated and control glands with all doses of agonist. Sodium and chloride levels were higher from de-ligated glands than contralateral control glands. Protein electrophoresis showed similar profiles of salivary proteins in all samples with some minor differences. Acinar cells in de-ligated glands showed a normal morphology, as indicated by light microscopy, whilst granular ductal cells were fewer and contained fewer secretory granules. Sodium potassium ATPase staining of striated ducts in de-ligated glands was similar to that of control glands. It can be concluded that rat submandibular glands can regenerate following severe atrophy and secrete normal amounts of saliva containing broadly a full profile of secretory proteins. In contrast to acinar cells, ductal cells appear not to recover full function. [source] Salivary simulation with ascorbic acid enhances sonographic diagnosis of obstructive sialadenitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 6 2009Alessandro Bozzato MD Abstract Purpose. High-frequency ultrasound (US) is routinely used to evaluate various diseases of the salivary glands. Normally, the duct network of the submandibular and parotid glands is not visible during US assessment. In obstructive sialadenitis of the parotid and submandibular glands, localization of the obstacle is often difficult. Methods. In a case-control study, the sonographic visibility of the duct before and after stimulation with oral ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was compared with sialendoscopy as the gold standard. Twenty male and 23 female patients suffering from salivary gland diseases were included in this study and compared with 25 healthy volunteers. US examination of the parotid and submandibular glands was performed before and after oral ascorbic acid stimulation. Changes in visibility of the main excretory duct were recorded and US diagnoses were compared with results of sialendoscopy. Results. In 7 of 25 controls, the main duct became partially visible after stimulation. In the group of 43 patients, the main duct was depicted before stimulation in 27 patients (63%). After ascorbic acid stimulation, the main duct became visible in 41 patients (95%). Grading the stimulated duct dilation by measuring diameters at different points revealed no correlation with the underlying type of pathology. Conclusions. Application of ascorbic acid prior to diagnostic US examination facilitates the sonographic evaluation of obstructive salivary gland diseases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009 [source] Utilizing endocrine secretory pathways in salivary glands for systemic gene therapeutics,JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Antonis Voutetakis Mammalian salivary glands are commonly used models of exocrine secretion. However, there is substantial experimental evidence showing the physiological existence of endocrine secretory pathways in these tissues. The use of gene transfer technology in vivo has allowed the unambiguous demonstration of these endocrine pathways. We and others have exploited such findings and evaluated salivary glands as possible target tissues for systemic applications of gene therapeutics. Salivary glands present numerous advantages for this purpose, including being well encapsulated, which limits extra-glandular vector dissemination, and having the luminal membranes of almost all parenchymal cells accessible via intraoral delivery of vectors through the main excretory ducts. Existing studies suggest that clinical benefits will result from salivary gland targeted systemic gene therapeutics. J. Cell. Physiol. 199: 1,7, 2004. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Female mice are more susceptible to developing inflammatory disorders due to impaired transforming growth factor , signaling in salivary glandsARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 6 2007Seshagiri R. Nandula Objective Transforming growth factor , (TGF,) plays a key role in the onset and resolution of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to delineate the precise function of TGF, signaling in salivary gland inflammation. Methods We impaired TGF, signaling in mouse salivary glands by conditionally inactivating expression of TGF, receptor type I (TGF,RI), either by using mouse mammary tumor virus,Cre mice or by delivering adenoviral vector containing Cre to mouse salivary glands via retrograde infusion of the cannulated main excretory ducts of submandibular glands. Results TGF,RI,conditional knockout (TGF,RI-coko) mice were born normal; however, female TGF,RI-coko mice developed severe multifocal inflammation in salivary and mammary glands and in the heart. The inflammatory disorder affected normal growth and resulted in the death of the mice at ages 4,5 weeks. Interestingly, male TGF,RI-coko mice did not exhibit any signs of inflammation. The female TGF,RI-coko mice also showed an increase in Th1 proinflammatory cytokines in salivary glands and exhibited an up-regulation of peripheral T cells. In addition, these mice showed an atypical distribution of aquaporin 5 in their salivary glands, suggesting likely secretory impairment. Administration of an adenoviral vector encoding Cre recombinase into the salivary glands resulted in inflammatory foci only in the glands of female TGF,RI,loxP-flanked (floxed) mice (TGF,RI-f/f mice), but not in those of male and female wild-type mice or male TGF,RI-f/f mice. Conclusion These results suggest that female mice are uniquely more susceptible to developing inflammatory disorders due to impaired TGF, signaling in their salivary glands. [source] | ||||||||||