			Home About us Contact

Maximum Displacement (maximum + displacement)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	50%
Earth and Environmental Science	50%

Selected Abstracts

A deterministic seismic hazard map of India and adjacent areas

GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2003
Imtiyaz A. Parvez
SUMMARY A seismic hazard map of the territory of India and adjacent areas has been prepared using a deterministic approach based on the computation of synthetic seismograms complete with all main phases. The input data set consists of structural models, seismogenic zones, focal mechanisms and earthquake catalogues. There are few probabilistic hazard maps available for the Indian subcontinent, however, this is the first study aimed at producing a deterministic seismic hazard map for the Indian region using realistic strong ground motion modelling with the knowledge of the physical process of earthquake generation, the level of seismicity and wave propagation in anelastic media. Synthetic seismograms at a frequency of 1 Hz have been generated at a regular grid of 0.2°× 0.2° by the modal summation technique. The seismic hazard, expressed in terms of maximum displacement (Dmax), maximum velocity (Vmax), and design ground acceleration (DGA), has been extracted from the synthetic signals and mapped on a regular grid over the studied territory. The estimated values of the peak ground acceleration are compared with the observed data available for the Himalayan region and are found to be in agreement. Many parts of the Himalayan region have DGA values exceeding 0.6 g. The epicentral areas of the great Assam earthquakes of 1897 and 1950 in northeast India represent the maximum hazard with DGA values reaching 1.2,1.3 g. The peak velocity and displacement in the same region is estimated as 120,177 cm s,1 and 60,90 cm, respectively. [source]

Effect of polyethylene oxide,polyethylene glycol content and humidity on performance of electro-active paper actuators based on cellulose/polyethylene oxide,polyethylene glycol microcomposite

POLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010
Suresha K. Mahadeva
The effect of humidity and polyethylene oxide (PEO),polyethylene glycol (PEG) content on the actuator performance of cellulose/PEO,PEG microcomposites was studied. Upon blending 5% PEO,PEG, the maximum bending displacement of the actuator increased nearly twice compared to that of cellulose EAPap actuator. However, further increase of PEO,PEG content resulted in decreased actuator performance. This might be due to the increased intermolecular interaction by hydrogen bonding that reduces the mobility of the molecules. The actuator performance test showed that the increase in humidity level rather reduced the maximum displacement of the actuators. X-ray diffractogram and Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis suggested a structural change of the microcomposites as well as disruption of cellulose/PEO,PEG association attributed to the actuator performance degradation at high humidity level. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers [source]

The effects of the potential and polarization time on the performance of ionic polymer metal composite actuators: a control of forward and reverse displacements

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 5 2007
Eiichi Shoji
Abstract This paper focuses on the dependence of various waveforms of the potential on the displacement of Nafion-platinum based IPMC actuators at 40 and 90% relative humidity (RH). In comparison with simpler square waveforms, a waveform that is being composed by inclusion of a rest potential of 0,V has given a longer displacement. This benefit was effective at lower humidity conditions. By a polarization, the actuators show three major displacement processes of maximum forward displacement, steady forward displacement, and maximum reverse displacement. Here, the dependence of the potential and polarization time on these displacements has been carefully examined. An increase in the forward displacement by the potential does not strongly affect a slower reverse relaxation. To give a suitable relaxation period before a polarity switching of the potential seems effective to release the internal stress of the actuator. An elevated drive potential has decreased in the bending speed apparently. Finally, it has been noted that the ,recovery' of the maximum displacement is possible if a suitable waveform is applied to the actuator. This recovery effect is more remarkable at higher dive potential. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Stratigraphic and structural expression of the lateral growth of thrust fault-propagation folds: results and implications from kinematic modelling

BASIN RESEARCH, Issue 2 2003
Kate A. Cooper
In order to better understand the development of thrust fault-related folds, a 3D forward numerical model has been developed to investigate the effects that lateral slip distribution and propagation rate have on the fold geometry of pre- and syn-tectonic strata. We consider a fault-propagation fold in which the fault propagates upwards from a basal decollement and along-strike normal to transport direction. Over a 1 Ma runtime, the fault reaches a maximum length of 10 km and accumulates a maximum displacement of 1 km. Deformation ahead of the propagating fault tip is modelled using trishear kinematics while backlimb deformation is modelled using kink-band migration. The applicability of two different lateral slip distributions, namely linear-taper and block-taper, are firstly tested using a constant lateral propagation rate. A block-taper slip distribution replicates the geometry of natural fold-thrusts better and is then used to test the sensitivity of thrust-fold morphology to varied propagation rates in a set of fault-propagation folds that have identical final displacement to length (Dmax/Lmax) ratios. Two stratigraphic settings are considered: a model in which background sedimentation rates are high and no topography develops, and a model in which a topographic high develops above the growing fold and local erosion, transport and deposition occur. If the lateral propagation rate is rapid (or geologically instantaneous), the fault tips quickly become pinned as the fault reaches its maximum lateral extent (10 km), after which displacement accumulates. In both stratigraphic settings, this leads to strike-parallel rotation of the syn-tectonic strata near the fault tips; high sedimentation rates relative to rates of uplift result in along-strike thinning over the structural high, while low sedimentation rates result in pinchout against it. In contrast, slower lateral propagation rates (i.e. up to one order of magnitude greater than slip rate) lead to the development of along-strike growth triangles when sedimentation rates are high, whereas when sedimentation rates are low, offflap geometries result. Overall we find that the most rapid lateral propagation rates produce the most realistic geometries. In both settings, time-equivalent units display both nongrowth and growth stratal geometries along-strike and the transition from growth to nongrowth has the potential to delineate the time of fault/fold growth at a given location. This work highlights the importance of lateral fault-propagation and fault tip pinning on fault and fold growth in three dimensions and the complex syn-tectonic geometries that can result. [source]