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Maximal Yield (maximal + yield)
Selected AbstractsOptimisation of the medium composition for production of protease and soybean peptides by Bacillus subtilis SHZ using response surface methodologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Bo Yu Summary Responses surface methodology was employed to enhance the production of protease and soybean peptides by Bacillus subtilis SHZ. For screening of medium composition significantly influencing protease and soybean peptides yield, the two-level Plackett,Burman design was used. Among thirteen variables tested; KH2PO4, glucose and defatted soybean flour (DSF) were selected based on their high significant effect on both protease activity and soybean peptides yield. Then, a three-level Box,Behnken design was employed to optimise the medium composition for the production of the protease and soybean peptides in submerged fermentation. Mathematical models were then developed to show the effect of each medium composition and their interactions on the production of protease and soybean peptides. The model estimated that, the maximal protease activity (320 ± 1 U mL,1) could be obtained when the concentrations of glucose, KH2PO4, DSF were set at 8,9 g L,1, 2,3 g L,1, 55,65 g L,1, respectively; while a maximal yield of soybean peptides (8.5 ± 0.1 g L,1) could be achieved when the concentrations of glucose, KH2PO4, DSF were set at 7,9 g L,1, 3,4 g L,1 and 55,58 g L,1, respectively. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiments. [source] Relationship between potassium fertilisation and nitrate assimilation in leaves and fruits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plantsANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002J M RUIZ Summary The effect of application of different potassium rates on some parameters of nitrate metabolism and yield in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) was studied. All plants were grown under controlled conditions in an experimental greenhouse. The treatments consisted of applications of K+ at three rates in the form of K2SO4 (Kl: 0.075 mg ml,1, K2: 0.15 mg ml,1, and K3: 0.30 mg ml,1). The results showed a positive effect of higher K+ fertilisation (0.30 mg ml,1) on uptake, translocation and reduction of NO3, in leaves compared with the lowest K+ rate. In addition, the higher K+ rates strengthened the translocation of organic nitrogenous compounds (amino acids) towards the fruit, thereby perhaps also enhancing the maximal commercial yield. In conclusion, for improved cucumber cultivation under greenhouse conditions, 0.15 mg ml,1 of K+ gave maximal yield, while the application of 0.30 mg ml,1 increased the metabolism and efficient utilisation of NO3,. [source] Catalytic decomposition of methane over supported Ni catalysts with different particle sizesASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009Sun Yunfei Abstract Methane decomposition on ,-Al2O3 -supported Ni catalysts, as a method for the production of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and CO-free hydrogen, has been investigated to show the effect of catalyst particle size on the rate and yield of CNFs formation. The catalysts were prepared by deposition,precipitation with different calcination temperature ranging from 725 to 1025 K so as to have different initial particle sizes. The results show that catalysts with smaller initial particle sizes had higher initial growth rate but experienced fast deactivation. The lifetime of the catalyst, ending at the inflection point on the rate curve of CNFs growth, could well represent the yield of CNFs of the catalyst, and the maximal yield of CNFs was achieved on the Ni catalysts calcinated at 823 K and with a particle size of around 56 nm. However, the diameters of the grown CNFs were not directly related to the initial size of the catalysts, because of particle sintering and breaking during catalyst reduction or CNFs formation. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Optimization of Rosmarinic Acid Production by Lavandula vera MM Plant Cell Suspension in a Laboratory BioreactorBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2005Atanas I. Pavlov The all-round effect of dissolved oxygen concentration, agitation speed, and temperature on the rosmarinic acid production by Lavandula veraMM cell suspension was studied in a 3-L laboratory bioreactor by means of the modified Simplex method. Polynomial regression models were elaborated for description of the process of rosmarinic acid production (Y) in the bioreactor as a consequence of the variation of the dissolved oxygen (X1) concentration between 10% and 50%; agitation (X2) between 100 and 400 rpm; and temperature (X3) between 22 and 30 °C. The optimization made it possible to establish the optimal conditions for the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid by L. veraMM: dissolved oxygen (X1*), 50% of air saturation; agitation (X2*), 400 rpm; and temperature (X3*), 29.9 °C, where maximal yield (Ymax) of 3489.4 mg/L of rosmarinic acid was achieved (2 times higher compared with the shake-flasks cultivation). [source] | |||||||||||||