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Maximal Size (maximal + size)
Selected AbstractsIndependent sets of maximal size in tensor powers of vertex-transitive graphsJOURNAL OF GRAPH THEORY, Issue 4 2009Cheng Yeaw Ku Abstract Let G be a connected, nonbipartite vertex-transitive graph. We prove that if the only independent sets of maximal cardinality in the tensor product G × G are the preimages of the independent sets of maximal cardinality in G under projections, then the same holds for all finite tensor powers of G, thus providing an affirmative answer to a question raised by Larose and Tardif (J Graph Theory 40(3) (2002), 162,171). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 295-301, 2009 [source] Reproduction Phase-Related Expression of ,-Endorphin-Like Immunoreactivity in the Nucleus Lateralis Tuberis of the Female Indian Major Carp Cirrhinus mrigala: Correlation with the Luteinising Hormone Cells-Ovary AxisJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 5 2006A. J. Sakharkar Abstract The present study aimed to determine whether ,-endorphin immunoreactivity (bEP-ir) in the neurones of the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) is linked to the seasonal cycle and shows correlation with the number of luteinising hormone (LH) cells in the pituitary gland and ovaries in the teleost, Cirrhinus mrigala. Although LH cells were moderately immunostained during the resting phase (December to January), the morphological profile suggested increased synthetic and secretory activity during the preparatory (February to April) and prespawning (May to June) phases. However, LH immunoreactivity was greatly reduced (P < 0.001) in the spawning (July to August) phase, suggesting massive discharge of the hormone; this pool was partly replenished in the postspawning (September to November) phase. The ovaries grew rapidly in the preparatory and prespawning phases; maximal size was attained during spawning, when ovulation occurred. Thereafter, the ovaries regressed. The NLT of C. mrigala is divisible into the pars lateralis (NLTl) and medialis (NLTm). During the postspawning and resting phases, bEP-ir was readily detectable in the NLTm as well as NLTl neurones. However, a steady reduction in the immunoreactivity was observed in the NLTm neurones during the preparatory through spawning phases (P < 0.001), suggesting a negative correlation with the LH cells-ovary axis. Thus, the inhibitory influence of ,-endorphin on the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-LH axis appears to be attenuated during the preparatory through spawning phases. This may be necessary for the rapid stimulation of the axis culminating in spawning. Neurones of the NLTl also showed a gradual reduction in bEP-ir during the preparatory and prespawning phases (P < 0.01) and may therefore play a similar role. However, significant augmentation of the immunoreactivity was noticed in these neurones during the spawning phase (P < 0.001), the physiological significance of which is unknown. Although the present study demonstrated a temporal correlation between the ,-endorphin in the NLT, LH cells and the ovary, we suggest that the peptide in the NLTl and NLTm may show functional duality during the spawning phase. [source] Suspension Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Stenting,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 1 2003Hans Edmund Eckel MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis Airway stents have recently been used to establish and maintain patent airways in patients with malignant central airway obstruction, but insertion modalities remain controversial to date. The study seeks to determine the role of suspension laryngoscopy in interdisciplinary airway stenting. Study Design Retrospective, single-institution analysis of a case series treated by a multidisciplinary airway team. Methods Ninety-three consecutive patients with malignant obstruction of the trachea and/or tracheobronchial bifurcation underwent endotracheal stenting through a suspension laryngoscopy approach for the relief of impending respiratory distress. Feasibility, mortality, survival, and complications were analyzed as main outcome measures. Results Stenting through a suspension laryngoscopy approach was feasible 91 of 93 patients (97.8%). Fifteen patients needed repeated stenting, and in all, 121 stents were implanted during the observation period. This approach allowed for the repeated insertion of rigid bronchoscopes of graded sizes to establish an airway and for precise stent positioning. Optical instruments and stent introducer systems could easily be used while adequate ventilation was continuously maintained. Silicone stents of maximal size were inserted without injury of the vocal cords during intubation. Median survival for all patients was 8 months. No intraoperative airway complications were observed, and no patient died secondary to stenting. Conclusions Suspension laryngoscopy and jet ventilation provide an ideal setting for the precise placement of tracheal and bifurcation airway stents. Laryngologists should actively participate in interdisciplinary airway stenting programs. [source] N1S3: A revised staging system for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasesCANCER, Issue 5 2010Results of 2 Australian Cancer Centers Abstract BACKGROUND. A staging system was designed for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that would incorporate the parotid as a regional level and facilitate a better prognostic discrimination between subgroups. METHODS. A retrospective review of clinical and pathological information of patients treated for metastatic cutaneous SCC to the parotid and/or neck was conducted. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. A staging system was elaborated and externally validated. RESULTS. Two hundred fifteen patients were included. All patients had surgery as their primary treatment; 148 had parotidectomy with neck dissection, 50 parotidectomy alone, and 18 neck dissection alone. One hundred seventy-five patients received postoperative radiotherapy. On univariate analysis, the number of involved lymph nodes (P < .001), maximal size (P = .01), and extracapsular spread (P = .003) were found to be significant predictors of survival. On Cox regression, the number of involved lymph nodes as single or multiple (P = .006) was significant. The N1S3 staging system incorporates involved lymph nodes from parotid and neck (single or multiple) and the size (< or >3 cm). This system demonstrates significant predictive capacity for locoregional control (P < .001), disease-specific survival (P<.0001), and overall survival (P<.0001). N1S3 was tested on a different cohort of 250 patients, and the results confirmed those obtained from our primary analyses. CONCLUSIONS. The N1S3 system stages patients according to the number of involved lymph nodes and size, and incorporates parotid as 1 of the regional levels. These 2 predictors are easily applied on both clinical and pathological data. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||