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Selected AbstractsStudents' science perceptions and enrollment decisions in differing learning cycle classroomsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 9 2001Ann M.L. Cavallo This investigation examined 10th-grade biology students' decisions to enroll in elective science courses, and explored certain attitudinal perceptions of students that may be related to such decisions. The student science perceptions were focused on student and classroom attitudes in the context of differing learning cycle classrooms (high paradigmatic/high inquiry, and low paradigmatic/low inquiry). The study also examined possible differences in enrollment decisions/intentions and attitudinal perceptions among males and females in these course contexts. The specific purposes were to: (a) explore possible differences in students' decisions, and in male and female students' decisions to enroll in elective science courses in high versus low paradigmatic learning cycle classrooms; (b) describe patterns and examine possible differences in male and female students' attitudinal perceptions of science in the two course contexts; (c) investigate possible differences in students' science perceptions according to their decisions to enroll in elective science courses, participation in high versus low paradigmatic learning cycle classrooms, and the interaction between these two variables; and (d) examine students' explanations of their decisions to enroll or not enroll in elective science courses. Questionnaire and observation data were collected from 119 students in the classrooms of six learning cycle biology teachers. Results indicated that in classrooms where teachers most closely adhered to the ideal learning cycle, students had more positive attitudes than those in classrooms where teachers deviated from the ideal model. Significantly more females in high paradigmatic learning cycle classrooms planned to continue taking science course work compared with females in low paradigmatic learning cycle classrooms. Male students in low paradigmatic learning cycle classrooms had more negative perceptions of science compared with males in high paradigmatic classrooms, and in some cases, with all female students. It appears that using the model as it was originally designed may lead to more positive attitudes and persistence in science among students. Implications include the need for science educators to help teachers gain more thorough understanding of the learning cycle and its theoretical underpinnings so they may better implement this procedure in classroom teaching. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 1029,1062, 2001 [source] Season of birth contributes to variation in university examination outcomesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Martin Fieder Epidemiological studies show that birth season influences a wide range of biological parameters such as growth, reproduction, mental illnesses, dyslexia, personality, and success in school. The present study is aimed at examining birth season's relationship to examination marks achieved at a university in a very large contemporary sample of male and female undergraduate students. We find that female university students born in spring and summer achieve better marks than those born in autumn and winter. Male students born in spring receive worse marks than those born in other seasons of the year. Furthermore, we find a birth-week periodicity in examination results of female students, with highest examination results for those born in May. We suppose that biological mechanisms might explain part of the observed effects. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:714,717, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Computer aided self-monitoring to increase academic production and reduce self-injurious behavior in a child with autismBEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 3 2009Denise A. Soares Self-monitoring to increase the on-task behavior of students with learning disabilities has been the focus of numerous studies in the literature. This study examined the effectiveness of computer aided self-monitoring of academic task completion to reduce self-injurious behavior in a 13-year-old male student with autism. Using an ABAB design, data were collected over 22 sessions in a resource-reading classroom. Visual and statistical analyses indicated that when self-monitoring of activity completion was implemented, rates of completion increased and maladaptive behaviors such as self-injurious behavior and tantruming decreased. Discussion follows for implications for self-monitoring with students with autism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Conscientiousness and achievement motivation predict performanceEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 7 2009Michelle Richardson Abstract A prospective survey was conducted to identify predictors of university students' grade point average (GPA) using separate samples of female (N,=,472) and male (N,=,142) students over 9 months. Big five personality traits and achievement motivation were measured. Correlations show that conscientiousness (C) and achievement motivation explained variation in GPA. Latent variable structural equation modelling showed that the effect of C on GPA is fully mediated by achievement motivation for both female and male students. Invariant factor and structural mediation models across the female and male groups are also reported. Finally, the mediation model is shown to remain significant after scholastic achievement is controlled. The findings are interpreted within the framework of Neo-Socioanalytic theory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Against the Tide: Gendered Prejudice and Disadvantage in EngineeringGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 2 2007Fatma Küskü Although a balance has been achieved in the overall numbers of female and male students in higher education in the industrialized countries, vertical sex segregation has remained high as male academics and students continued to outnumber their female counterparts internationally. Gender representation is only one façade of gendered disadvantage in engineering, as complex forms of gendered disadvantage occur in social, cultural, psychological and economic layers of life, where women engineering students find themselves swimming against the tide of prejudice. This article draws on comparative and historical data, and a qualitative study with interviews and a questionnaire survey which generated 603 completed responses from female and male engineering students in Turkey. It seeks to reveal the complex and layered nature of gendered prejudice levelled against female engineering students. The findings suggest that linear formulations of gendered prejudice and disadvantage in engineering study are insufficient to account for the complexity of influences on career choice and their concomitant gendered outcomes. [source] Notes from the Field: Gender Issues in the Management Curriculum: A Survey of Student ExperiencesGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 3 2000Catherine R. Smith A major Australian report recently criticized the relationship between the gendered culture of management education and business management practices, in an effort to reduce impediments to equal representation of women in management. It recommended a major overhaul of university management education, whereby institutions would review their own role in shaping corporate management cultures and practices, and raise awareness of gender issues in the classroom. This article reports on a subsequent survey that explored postgraduate business students' perceptions of gender issues in the management curriculum, and their effects on learning experiences. It suggests that a masculine ethos is perceptible in management education, which can disadvantage female and male students in different ways. The study suggests that greater awareness of gender issues should be a major consideration for management educators, to enable future managers to recognize and harness gender diversity in the workplace. [source] Eating fast food: attitudes of high-school studentsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 1 2007Jan Mattsson Abstract Alarmingly consistent recent research shows that industrially produced foods such as fast food contain compounds that add to obesity and high cholesterol among young people. Less physical activity and a higher propensity to eat ready-made food (in Sweden and internationally) have aggravated the health situation for the young generation. They also have become ,addicted' to sugar by the consumption of lemonade and other sweet drinks that are often served in conjunction with fast food. Food consumption patterns are highly cultural, and, once formed in early years, they become difficult to change. The findings of this study, which was based on a small sample of written accounts and transcribed interviews, indicate that high-school students in Sweden are well aware of the good and bad attributes of fast food, such as: speed, convenience, fat and sugar. Clear differences in attitude were found between male and female students: female students view fast food in a broad food chain context, whereas male students concentrate on fast eating and satiety. [source] Geographical clustering of eating disordered behaviors in U.S. high school students,,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2008Valerie L. Forman-Hoffman PhD Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if eating disorder behaviors geographically clustered among U.S high school students. Method: Our sample consisted of 15,349 high school students who responded to the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Study (YRBS). Weight control and eating disordered behaviors under investigation included dieting, exercising, fasting, using diet pills, and purging to control weight in the last 30 days. We calculated pairwise odds ratios (PWORs) to determine the degree of within-county clustering. Results: Among all participants, adjusted analyses revealed that having any weight control or eating disorder symptom, severe restricting, dieting, exercising, and diet pill use each showed significant clustering (p < .05). Purging did not significantly cluster by county. The magnitude of clustering was stronger for female students than male students. Conclusion: The significant clustering of weight control and eating disorder behavior in U.S. high school students confirms evidence of a social contagion effect of eating disorders. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008 [source] Interest in Geriatric Medicine in Canada: How Can We Secure a Next Generation of Geriatricians?JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2006FRCP(C), Laura L. Diachun MEd In Canada, there is minimal training of geriatrics for physicians, a shortage of geriatricians, and extremely low numbers of students entering geriatrics. This study explored student interest in and barriers and enticements to geriatric medicine as a career choice. Medical students attending a university in Ontario, Canada, were surveyed in their first year (N=121), after a geriatric education session, and again in their second year (N=118) about their interest in a career in geriatrics. In the first year, less than 20% of students were interested in geriatrics; in the second year this decreased to 16%. In both years, female students were more interested than male students. Those students interested in geriatrics had higher hopes that their practice would involve primarily adults and seniors. Students not interested in geriatrics rated performing procedures and technical skills, not wanting to work with chronically ill patients, and caring for younger patients as important practice characteristics. Although the importance of prestige was low for all students, it was significantly higher for those not interested in geriatrics. Although changes to prestige, income, lifestyle, and length of residency training were identified as potential enticements to geriatrics, they were not major deterrents to a career in geriatrics. The findings suggest strategies that may affect student interest in geriatrics, such as increased and early student exposure to geriatrics with emphasis on fostering and nurturing student interest, consideration of various enticements to this specialty, and the development of health system,specific solutions to this problem. Knowledge of student and practice characteristics that increase the likelihood of selecting geriatrics as a specialty may allow for early identification and support of future geriatricians. [source] Influence in the Ivory Tower: Examining the Appropriate Use of Social Power in the University ClassroomJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2007Steven M. Elias A study was conducted to determine how appropriate university students feel it is for professors to use varying bases of social power as a means of influence. Participants (n = 91) completed a modified version of the Interpersonal Power Inventory (Raven, Schwarzwald, & Koslowsky, 1998) and a demographic questionnaire. Students rated the use of soft power as significantly more appropriate than harsh power. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that informational and expert power were thought to be the most appropriate bases for professors to use, and a gender effect was observed such that female students rated the use of social power in the classroom as significantly less appropriate than did male students. Implications for university instructors and other power holders are discussed. [source] Gender Differences in a Comparison of Two Tested Etiological Models of Cigarette Smoking Among Elementary School Students,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2007Randall C. Swaim The theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and a revised TPB were evaluated using manifest variable structural equation modeling among 4th - through 6th -grade students for effectiveness in predicting lifetime cigarette use. TRA was an adequate model for female students, but not male students. TPB resulted in improved model fit over TRA for both male and female students, and a revised TPB model improved fit marginally among female students. Tests for differences across gender indicated that the relationship between intention to use and lifetime cigarette use was stronger among female compared to male students. The results indicate that the TPB is an effective model for predicting lifetime cigarette use among late elementary-school-aged children. [source] Evaluation of nursing and medical students' attitudes towards people with disabilitiesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 15-16 2010Hatice Sahin Aims and objectives., The aim of this study is to assess the attitudes of students towards disabled people and provide suggestions to make necessary changes in the curricula. Background., Disabled people suffer from rejection, exclusion and discrimination. The undergraduate education of future health professionals should include processes of critical thinking towards and analysis of the disabled. Design., Cross-sectional design was used. Methods., All the preclinical medical and nursing students in our institution were included in study. Data were collected using the Turkish Attitudes towards Disabled Person Scale (TATDP) and demographical variables. TATDP Scale was scored according to five-point Likert Scale. Results., Students' mean attitude score is 120·57 (SD 15·24). Subscale mean scores are 53·61 (SD 7·25) for compassion (CP), 50·47 (SDS 7·26) for social value (SV) and 16·49 (SD 2·89) for resource distribution (RD). Whilst nursing students had less contact with the disabled, medical students had a closer contact with them. Medical students acquired more prior knowledge about attitudes towards the disabled. Total attitude scores of female students were above the students' mean attitude score when compared to those of male students. Conclusion., Only if early contact is established with patients and the disabled, practical educational strategies are adopted, and the students are provided with information on attitudes about the disabled, will a social model of disability be introduced into the curriculum. Relevance to clinical practice., This study results were presented to curriculum planning committees of nursing and medical schools, so that they should use them as needs assessment data in developing a disability awareness curriculum. The curriculum will be implemented in cooperation with not only schools but also other social institutions. For instance, clerkship applications will be accomplished by cooperating with nursing homes and organisations of disabled people. [source] The relationship between nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary fat consumption in male studentsJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 6 2000J. Packman Background This pilot study aimed to explore the nutritional knowledge, attitudes and dietary fat consumption in male students attending Leeds Metropolitan University. Methods A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine the fat intakes of subjects. This was incorporated into a questionnaire designed to measure nutritional knowledge and attitudes. Questions were also asked about the subject characteristics, such as weight, height and alcohol consumption. Results Eighty subjects were approached, from whom 56 questionnaires were returned completed. The results revealed few significant differences between subject characteristics according to fat intakes, with the exception of alcohol consumption, which was greater in the high fat consumers. The main findings of the study were that subjects with a high fat intake had significantly more negative attitudes towards reducing fat consumption compared with those who had a lower fat intake. However, there was no statistically significant difference between nutritional knowledge and fat consumption and no relationship was found between level of nutritional knowledge and attitudes. Conclusion It was concluded that negative attitudes towards reducing fat consumption might be more important barriers to dietary change than level of nutritional knowledge in male students. This constitutes an important target for health promoters in encouraging dietary change in men. [source] Decline of hepatitis B carrier rate in vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects: Sixteen years after newborn vaccination program in TaiwanJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2003Hans Hsienhong Lin Abstract Taiwan was an endemic area for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and related liver diseases cause a significant drain of public resources. To control the endemic, a nation-wide newborn vaccination program was started in 1985. We reviewed the results of the annual survey for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) performed in freshmen class of two high schools in Hualien, eastern Taiwan, from 1991 to 2001. A total of 10,194 students, most of them 15 years old, were tested for serum HBsAg using enzyme immunoassays. There is a significant trend (P,<,0.0001) of decreasing HBsAg carrier rate from 20.3 to 4.4% in males and 14.3% to 2.4% in females, respectively, over 11 years. The HBsAg carrier rate was 16.0,20.3% in students surveyed during 1991,1993 (born more than 6 years before the start of the national vaccination program), which decreased to 7.7,11.9% during 1994,1999 (born 1,6 years before the program). It further declined to 4.7% and 3.4% in 2000 and 2001 (born after the start of the program). The HBsAg carrier rate in male students was significantly higher than that in female students in most of the years. The HBV newborn vaccination program not only successfully prevented most of the perinatal transmission of HBV but also reduced horizontal transmission of HBV to children born up to 6 years before the start of the program. Also, the protection persisted for at least 15 years. J. Med. Virol. 69:471,474, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Connecting high school physics experiences, outcome expectations, physics identity, and physics career choice: A gender studyJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 8 2010Zahra Hazari Abstract This study explores how students' physics identities are shaped by their experiences in high school physics classes and by their career outcome expectations. The theoretical framework focuses on physics identity and includes the dimensions of student performance, competence, recognition by others, and interest. Drawing data from the Persistence Research in Science and Engineering (PRiSE) project, which surveyed college English students nationally about their backgrounds, high school science experiences, and science attitudes, the study uses multiple regression to examine the responses of 3,829 students from 34 randomly selected US colleges/universities. Confirming the salience of the identity dimension for young persons' occupational plans, the measure for students' physics identity used in this study was found to strongly predict their intended choice of a physics career. Physics identity, in turn, was found to correlate positively with a desire for an intrinsically fulfilling career and negatively with a desire for personal/family time and opportunities to work with others. Physics identity was also positively predicted by several high school physics characteristics/experiences such as a focus on conceptual understanding, real-world/contextual connections, students answering questions or making comments, students teaching classmates, and having an encouraging teacher. Even though equally beneficial for both genders, females reported experiencing a conceptual focus and real-world/contextual connections less frequently. The explicit discussion of under-representation of women in science was positively related to physics identity for female students but had no impact for male students. Surprisingly, several experiences that were hypothesized to be important for females' physics identity were found to be non-significant including having female scientist guest speakers, discussion of women scientists' work, and the frequency of group work. This study exemplifies a useful theoretical framework based on identity, which can be employed to further examine persistence in science, and illustrates possible avenues for change in high school physics teaching. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 978,1003, 2010 [source] Katakana representation of English loanwords: Mora conservation and variable learner strategiesJOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 3 2004Dennis R. Preston In Japanese, English CVC monosyllables usually show consonant gemination after obligatory vowel epenthesis (e.g. ,put' becomes ,putto'). The katakana syllabary, which is a good reflection of pronunciation, allows us to study very quickly how a number of native speakers and learners at various levels handle novel loanwords. We show that, while learners do not geminate at as high a rate as native speakers do, they improve over years of study. More interestingly, learners use another strategy, namely vowel lengthening (e.g. ,puuto'), to represent these items, a compensatory strategy, we believe, related to their perception of the proper number of morae to be rendered in the output. We show how Broselow and Park's (1995) account of mora conservation will not handle the complexity of these data, particularly learner performance in the gemination of unstressed syllables, and we provide a variable account rather than one which suggests that parameters are set to a native speaker, learner, or mixed setting. Additionally, we show the surprising influence of gender in some areas of learner performance, a reflex, we believe, of the type of male students more typically registered in Japanese language classes at the university level. [source] Assessment of professional behaviour in undergraduate medical education: peer assessment enhances performanceMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 9 2007Johanna Schönrock-Adema Objectives, To examine whether peer assessment can enhance scores on professional behaviour, with the expectation that students who assess peers score more highly on professional behaviour than students who do not assess peers. Methods, Undergraduate medical students in their first and second trimesters were randomly assigned to conditions with or without peer assessment. Of the total group of 336 students, 278 students participated in the first trimester, distributed over 31 tutorial groups, 17 of which assessed peers. The second trimester involved 272 students distributed over 32 groups, 15 of which assessed peers. Professional behaviour was rated by tutors on 3 dimensions: Task Performance; Aspects of Communication, and Personal Performance. The rating scale ranged from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent). Data were analysed using multivariate repeated measures multilevel analysis. Results, Assessment scores were found to have generally increased in the second trimester, especially the personal performance scores of students who assessed peers. In addition, female students were found to have significantly higher scores than male students. Conclusions, In undergraduate medical education, peer assessment has a positive influence on professional behaviour. However, the results imply that peer assessment is only effective after students have become adjusted to the complex learning environment. [source] Factors promoting academic success among African American and white male community college studentsNEW DIRECTIONS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGES, Issue 142 2008Athena I. Perrakis This chapter examines factors that predict and promote academic success, defined as grade point average and course completion, among African American and white male students in a large, urban community college district. [source] Masculinities go to community college: Understanding male identity socialization and gender role conflictNEW DIRECTIONS FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGES, Issue 142 2008Frank Harris III Previous research has neglected to explore identities and development among male students at community colleges. This chapter provides some insight into who these men are, their precollege gender socialization experiences, and conflicts that impede the development of productive masculinities. [source] MEN, WOMEN, AND MANAGERS: ARE STEREOTYPES FINALLY CHANGING?PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2006EMILY E. DUEHR As the number of women in management roles increases and organizations place a greater emphasis on diversity, a subsequent change in perceptions of women as leader-like is expected. To test this notion, we examined gender and management stereotypes of male and female managers and students. Results reveal considerable change in male managers' views of women over the past 30 years, as evidenced by greater congruence between their perceptions of women and successful managers and stronger endorsement of agentic and task-oriented leadership characteristics for women. Stereotypes held by male students changed less, remaining strikingly similar to stereotypes held by male managers 15 years ago. Across samples, there was general agreement in the characteristics of managers but less agreement about the characteristics of women. We also found men somewhat less likely than women to attribute successful manager characteristics to women. Respondents with positive past experiences with female managers tended to rate women higher on management characteristics. [source] Effect of inbreeding depression on growth and fluctuating asymmetry in Turkish young malesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Özener This study sought to examine the effects of inbreeding on physical development and fluctuating asymmetry (FA). A total 144 male high-school students (mean age = 18.11 ± 0.52) whose parents are first cousins (F = 0.125) of low-socioeconomic status and 146 male students (mean age = 18.08 ± 0.54) from the same school who do not have any consanguineous parents (F = 0) were observed in Ankara. In addition to the weight and height measurements of the individuals, eight bilateral traits (hand width, elbow width, wrist width, knee width, ankle width, foot width, ear length, and ear width) were measured. Whereas the inbred group has lower values in terms of weight and height, the difference in body mass index between the groups is not significant. Although the inbred group is more asymmetric in terms of the observed bilateral traits, the differences are below the significance level. However, the composite FA index shows that the inbred group is more asymmetric and the difference is significant (P < 0.05). Inbreeding depression has a negative effect on weight and height development, and a negative effect on developmental stability.Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Brief communication: Facial fluctuating asymmetry as a marker of sex differences of the response to phenotypic stressesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Özener Abstract Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is thought to increase as a result of environmental perturbations during development. A number of studies involving measures of health and developmental stability other than FA have discussed the presumed increased buffering in females relative to males. But, there is little evidence in the literature on FA to support this hypothesis. This research was conducted to determine the level of difference in terms of facial FA between sexes under different environmental conditions. Group 1 included final year students from three high schools in Yenimahalle, a slum district of Ankara (males: N = 163, mean age = 17.55, sd = 0.50; females: N = 141, mean age = 17.48, sd = 0.38). Group 2 included students with higher socioeconomic background and was composed of final year students from three different private schools located in Cankaya (N = 171, mean age = 17.44, sd = 0.26; females: N = 152, mean age = 17.38, sd = 0.31). Digital images were used to assess the degree of facial asymmetry as measured from eight paired traits and calculated as a composite score. The study shows that the male students had higher facial asymmetry than the female students. However, the present difference reaches a significant level in the low-socioeconomic status group. As a result, it could be inferred that differences in developmental stability between sexes might emerge under stressful conditions. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:321,324, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Self-esteem and mental health characteristics especially among lean students surveyed by University Personality InventoryPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 2 2002Miwako Kajita RN Abstract In recent years, various investigators have indicated an increase in the number of eating disorders. A similar tendency has been observed among university students. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the self-esteem and mental health characteristics of the lean students who suffer from latent eating disorders. We examined 2132 responses to the University Personality Inventory obtained from students who entered Nagoya University in 1995. We analyzed the mental health conditions of the lean students after categorizing the subjects into lean, normal and obese group by body mass index. As a result, the following results were obtained. Lean male students presented with more subjective symptoms than normal and obese students, and extremely lean male students had more subjective symptoms. Lean female students had fewer subjective symptoms than lean male students and no particular differences from normal female students. It is suggested that male and female students had different criteria for self-esteem with regard to body shape. The lean female students were medically ill and formed a latent or borderline latent group with anorexia nervosa. However, they had a similar degree of health awareness as normal students. [source] Matching/mismatching revisited: an empirical study of learning and teaching stylesBRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Nigel Ford This paper presents results of a research project that explored the relationship between matching and mismatching instructional presentation style (breadth-first and depth-first) with students' cognitive style (field-dependence/-independence) in a computer-based learning environment. 73 postgraduate students were asked to create Web pages using HTML, using instructional materials that were either matched or mismatched with their cognitive styles. Significant differences in performance on a multiple choice test of conceptual knowledge were found for students learning in matched and mismatched conditions. Performance in matched conditions was significantly superior to that in mismatched conditions. However, significant effects were found for gender, matching mainly affecting male students. Performance on a practical test of Web page creation was not linked to matching or mismatching, but was linked to an interaction between gender and instructional presentation style. The findings provide support for the notion that matching and mismatching can have significant effects on learning outcomes. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||