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Male Members (male + member)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Humanities and Social Sciences	33%

Selected Abstracts

Mode of delivery and risk of fecal incontinence in women with or without inflammatory bowel disease: Questionnaire survey,

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 11 2007
J.P.L. Ong MRCP
Abstract Background: Elective cesarean section (CS) may be recommended for patients with Crohn's disease and perineal involvement. Little is known about CS rates in parous women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), nor the possible long-term impact of vaginal delivery and episiotomy on continence in women with IBD. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to all 777 regional members of a Colitis and Crohn's Disease patient association. Male members were asked to request their unaffected female spouse/partner to complete the forms in order to give a "control" group for comparison. Results: Forms were returned by 491 members (response rate 63%). CS had been undertaken for 37 of the 229 parous women with IBD (16%) versus 15 of the 116 without IBD (13%) (,2 = 0.62, P = NS). Only 2 women had undergone CS due to IBD. Of the parous women with IBD, 75 (33%) had persisting problems with fecal incontinence, of whom 21 (28%) dated this back to the time of vaginal delivery. By contrast, only 2 (2%) of the parous control group had suffered persisting fecal incontinence following vaginal delivery (,2 = 8.27, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Persisting fecal incontinence is reported by a significant minority of parous women with IBD, of whom over one-quarter date this back to vaginal delivery. CS is rarely recommended due to IBD alone. If our findings are confirmed in prospective studies, the threshold for recommending CS may need to be lowered for patients with IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007) [source]

Sexual abuse at a Swedish daycare centre: allegations, confessions and evaluations

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2000
F Lindblad
In September 1997, sexual abuse at a Swedish daycare centre was disclosed. The suspect, a male member of the staff, admitted having abused six children. A total of 30 children were included in the police investigation. In this study, these cases were evaluated individually using a child psychiatric method. Information was collected from the police investigation and from interviews with parents. The conclusions,categorized as "abuse likely", "abuse conceivable" or "abuse uncertain",were compared with the children's own reports, the legal evaluations and the confessions of the suspects. Conclusions: The correspondence of child reports with child psychiatric evaluations was fairly high, indicating that child reports may serve as a good screening indicator of abuse. There was little agreement between child psychiatric evaluations and legal decisions, which were based on the reports of suspects. Some differences may be explained by varied methodology, definitions and criteria. Others reflect real differences in opinion. Our study illustrates the need to establish legal criteria for statements from pre-schoolers if such evidence is to constitute the basis of a ruling without a confession. Studies comparing professional psychological assessments of children's statements about sexual abuse with independent data stand out as an important line of research for the future. [source]

Masturbation and Discourse on Female Sexual Practices in Early Modern Japan

GENDER & HISTORY, Issue 1 2009
Anne Walthall
Much of the discourse on female sexual practices in early modern Japan centred on masturbation, usually with a dildo, deemed necessary for a woman's mental and physical health when the male member was unavailable. References to female same-sex relations suggest that they too made sense in situations where men were absent. Some sex manuals treated female sexual arousal within the context of conjugal relations, while a text written for wives in polygamous marriages places female sexual practice at the service of male interests. The texts analysed here show not only that early modern Japanese held different attitudes toward sex than their western counterparts, but also that they could hold multiple attitudes at the same time. [source]

Privileging masculinity in the social construction of Basque identity

NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 3 2001
Begoña Echeverria
Following a framework developed by Susan Gal and Judith Irvine (1995), this article illustrates how Basque-medium schools promulgate an androcentric vision of the Basque nation. First, male privilege is upheld in textbooks through the erasure of women's contributions to Basque language and culture, so that men appear as the quintessential Basque speakers and cultural agents. Secondly, language ideologies about Spanish and Basque recursively construct Basque ethnic identity is such a way that it centres on vernacular Basque, whose primary marker is a second person pronoun, ,hi', which indirectly indexes male speakers and masculinity. An iconic relationship is thereby created between authentic Basque identity, Basque culture, Basque linguistic forms and masculinity. However, I also show that women have challenged this male privilege in various domains, thereby opening up the possibility of a Basque nation that embraces its female as well as its male members. [source]

The sex ratio and age-specific male mortality: Evidence for culling in utero

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
Tim Bruckner
While adverse conditions early in life reportedly predispose individuals to increased mortality in adulthood, controversy remains as to whether exogenous insults in utero, especially among male fetuses, induce similar cohort "damage" in populations. A rival theory postulates that exogenous stressors in gestation may "cull" frail male members of the cohort before birth, leaving a smaller but hardier cohort with improved survival. Recent tests, which use the sex ratio (i.e., the odds of a male live birth) as a gauge of insults inflicted upon cohorts in gestation, support the culled cohort argument. These tests, however, examined only aggregate male lifespan, thereby obscuring potential heterogeneity of both damaged and culled cohorts at specific ages over the life course. Using time-series methods, we explore associations between the sex ratio and cohort male mortality in infancy (before age 1), childhood (1,4 years), youth (5,19 years), adulthood (20,54 years), and old-age (55,79 years). We examine males born in Sweden (1751,1913), Denmark (1835,1913), and England and Wales (1841,1912). Our findings generally support culled cohorts in that male mortality across all ages fell below its expected value among cohorts in which the sex ratio dropped below its expected level. These findings suggest that exogenous shocks to gestation, as measured by a lower than expected sex ratio, may cull males in utero, leaving behind a less frail cohort over the entire life course. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Contractures and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a novel FHL1 mutation

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Hans Knoblauch MD
We investigated a large German family (n = 37) with male members who had contractures, rigid spine syndrome, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Muscle weakness or atrophy was not prominent in affected individuals. Muscle biopsy disclosed a myopathic pattern with cytoplasmic bodies. We used microsatellite markers and found linkage to a locus at Xq26-28, a region harboring the FHL1 gene. We sequenced FHL1 and identified a new missense mutation within the third LIM domain that replaces a highly conserved cysteine by an arginine (c.625T>C; p.C209R). Our finding expands the phenotypic spectrum of the recently identified FHL1-associated myopathies and widens the differential diagnosis of Emery,Dreifuss,like syndromes. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:136,140 [source]