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Male Genital Organs (male + genital_organ)
Selected AbstractsSystematic revision of acoels with 9+0 sperm ultrastructure (Convolutida) and the influence of sexual conflict on morphologyJOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010Johannes Georg Achatz Abstract We have used newly discerned morphological characters as well as molecular-sequence data from 18S and 28S rDNA to revise the families recently designated as the ,9+0' acoels , what we call Convolutida. Characters from the ultrastructure of sperm, with their ,9+0' axonemes, are useful in delineating the Convolutida, but are either species-specific or too conserved within the group to be used to infer relationships within it. Male genital organs, prostatoid organs, and sagittocysts, on the other hand, give a good phylogenetic signal for reconstructing relationships of such genera as Conaperta, Anaperus, and Achoerus; some features of the reproductive organs correlate with habitat and show how the Convolutida probably originated as epiphytic predators and radiated into the mesopsammon, pelagic, and coral-associated realms. In this revision of the Convolutida we provide revised synopses of its families , which we restrict to the Anaperidae, Convolutidae, and Sagittiferidae , and describe a new species, Polychoerus gordoni, from New Zealand. We transfer the genus Adenopea from the Antroposthiidae to the Convolutidae; Conaperta, Neochildia, and Oxyposthia from the Convolutidae to the Anaperidae; Paranaperus and Praeanaperus from the Anaperidae to the Haploposthiidae. Convoluta aegyptica is synonymized with Convoluta boehmigi, Convoluta lacazii with Convoluta sordida, and the genus Picola (Convolutidae) with Deuterogonaria (Haploposthiidae). Amphiscolops blumi, A. carvalhoi, and A. langerhansi, all of which possess a cellular seminal bursa, are transferred to the genus Heterochaerus. Convoluta elegans and Pseudanaperus tinctus are classified as nomina nuda. We use our findings on the ultrastructure of female genital organs and spermatozoa to show that sexual conflict plays a major role in the evolution of diversity of these structures and that the phylogeny of the Acoela would comprise early forms without female genital organs and hyper- or hypodermal transfer of sperm through advanced forms with ever longer and narrower bursal nozzles and sperm with axial microtubules. Moreover, our results show that the acquisition of endosymbiotic algae happened at least twice within the Acoela. Zusammenfassung Neugewonnene morphologische Daten , speziell der Körperwandmuskulatur, Spermienultrastruktur und Kopulationsorgane, Untersuchungen von Typenmaterial und vorhandene sowie neugewonnene Sequenzdaten von 18S und 28S rDNA werden verwendet, um die Familien, welche seit kurzem als ,9+0'-Acoela und hier als Convolutida bezeichnet werden, zu revisionieren. Die Eigenschaften der Spermien sind zu konserviert oder artspezifisch und können nur in wenigen Ausnahmen zur Bildung von Verwandtschaftshypothesen verwendet werden. Im Gegensatz dazu geben hochentwickelte Prostatoidorgane, Sagittocysten und männliche Genitalorgane ein gutes phylogenetisches Signal und erlauben uns Gattungen wie Conaperta, Anaperus und Achoerus zu umschreiben. Sie zeigen, dass die Morphologie von Geschlechtsorganen mit dem jeweiligen Lebensraum korreliert ist. Wir geben eine allgemeine Zusammenschau über die Literatur der betreffenden Familien und beschreiben P. gordoni aus Neuseeland. Wir transferieren den Genus Adenopea von den Antroposthiiden zu den Convolutiden, Conaperta, Neochildia, und Oxyposthia von den Convolutiden zu den Anaperiden und Paranaperus sowie Praeanaperus von den Anaperiden zu den Haploposthiiden. Convoluta aegyptica wird mit C. boehmigi, C. lacazii mit C. sordida, und die Gattung Picola (Convolutidae) mit Deuterogonaria (Haploposthiidae) synonymisiert. Amphiscolops blumi, A. carvalhoi und A. langerhansi, welche eine zellige Bursa besitzen, werden zur Gattung Heterochaerus gestellt. Convoluta elegans and Pseudanaperus tinctus werden als nomina nuda klassifiziert. Wir benützen unsere Daten zur Ultrastruktur der weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane und Spermien, um zu zeigen, dass sexueller Konflikt eine grosse Rolle in der Evolution der morphologischen Vielfalt dieser Strukturen spielt und dass die Phylogenie der Acoela über ursprüngliche Formen ohne weiblichen Hilfsorgane und hyper- oder hypodermalen Spermientransfer zu Formen mit immer längeren Bursamundstücken mit engeren Kanälen und Spermien mit axialen Mikrotubuli verlief. Weiters belegen unsere Daten, dass die Symbiose mit einzelligen Algen mindestens zwei Mal innerhalb der Acoela entstanden ist. [source] Multiple primary cancer: an increasing health problem.EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 6 2009Strategies for prevention in cancer survivors LÓPEZ M.L., LANA A., DÍAZ S., FOLGUERAS M.V., SANCHEZ L., COMENDADOR M.A., BELYAKOVA E., RODRÍGUEZ J.M. & CUETO A. (2009) European Journal of Cancer Care Multiple primary cancer: an increasing health problem. Strategies for prevention in cancer survivors This study was set to look for associations between the sites of the first and subsequent tumours in patients with multiple primary cancer (MPC) diagnosed from 1975 to 2002 in the reference hospital of a Spanish northern region, and propose prevention strategies. Patient and tumour variables were measured. Crude and standardized incidence rates per 100 000 inhabitants were obtained, and the association between MPC incidence and time was analysed by means of lineal regression. Relative risks were calculated to analyse associations between tumour sites. A total of 2737 MPC cases were registered (male/female ratio = 2). The percentage of MPC with respect to the total cancer increased from 1.78% in the 1975,1979 period to 7.08% in the 2000,2002 period (R2 = 0.92; P = 0.003). Great increase of incidence by time was found (R2 = 0.90; P = 0.004). Breast, prostate and bladder cancers increase risk of second tumour in female genital organs [RR 4.78 (3.84,5.93)], urinary system [RR 3.69 (2.89,4.69)] and male genital organs [RR 3.76 (2.84,4.69)] respectively. The MPC incidence is increasing. Interventions for MPC prevention, according to the European Code against Cancer, should be implemented early after the first cancer principally if patients suffer breast, bladder, prostate, larynx and colon cancers. [source] Trauma to male genital organs: a 10-year review of 156 patients, including 118 treated by surgeryBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2008Sung Hoon Lee OBJECTIVE To assess testicular rupture, scrotal haematoma, penile fracture and penile injury, comparing the prognoses of surgery and conservative management, as trauma to male external genital organs can cause devastating effects on patients and their partners. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 156 male patients who presented to our emergency centre with trauma to the external genital organs between January 1996 and March 2006. RESULTS In all, 74 patients had testicular rupture, 32 penile fracture, 26 a penile injury and 24 a scrotal haematoma (mean age 27.8 years). The main cause of trauma was assault (52, 33%). Four of 14 patients with penile trauma who were managed conservatively had complications. Of 20 patients, 17 had a partial orchidectomy and were followed for a month after surgery; scrotal ultrasonography showed three cases of testicular atrophy. The mean hospital stay was less for patients with surgical intervention, at 6.4 days, than for those managed conservatively, at 8.7 days (P < 0.05). A visual analogue pain scale showed less pain in patients who were surgically treated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Prompt surgical intervention is crucial; it should be considered by urologists, and is strongly recommended. Ultrasonography was highly sensitive and specific, and should be used in all patients with trauma to the external genital organs, to aid diagnosis and evaluation before surgery. [source] Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organsBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2004Malcolm Crundwell No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||