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MRSA Infections (mrsa + infections)
Selected AbstractsPrevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Setting of Dermatologic SurgeryDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2009ROGER S. SICA DO BACKGROUND The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the postoperative setting of dermatologic surgery is unknown. Such data could influence the empirical treatment of suspected infections. OBJECTIVE To examine the period prevalence of MRSA infections in the postoperative setting of dermatologic surgery. METHODS We performed chart reviews of 70 patients who had bacterial cultures taken from January 2007 to December 2007. In the 21 postsurgical cases, we analyzed age, risk factors, sites of predilection, method of repair, and pathogen of growth. RESULTS The mean age of the overall study population was 57, with the mean age of postsurgical MRSA-positive cases being 75.5. Of the 21 postsurgical cultures taken, 16 cultures grew pathogen, and two of the 16 (13%) pathogen-positive cultures grew MRSA. LIMITATIONS This is a retrospective chart review of a relatively small sample size in one geographic location. Our patient population is known to contain a large number of retirees. CONCLUSION The increasing prevalence of MRSA skin and soft tissue infections and recommendation to modify empirical antibiotic therapy have been well documented in particular patient populations, but we caution against the empirical use of MRSA-sensitive antibiotics in the postoperative setting of dermatologic surgery. We advocate culturing all infectious lesions upon presentation and reserve empirical use of MRSA-sensitive antibiotics for high-risk patients or locations. [source] Anti-infectious activity of synbiotics in a novel mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infectionMICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Enkhtuya Lkhagvadorj ABSTRACT The anti-infectious activity of synbiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection was evaluated using a novel lethal mouse model. Groups of 12 mice treated with multiple antibiotics were infected orally with a clinical isolate of MRSA at an inoculum of 108 CFU on day 7 after starting the antibiotics. A dose of 400 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was injected intraperitoneally on day 7 after the infection. A dose of 108 CFU Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult and 10 mg of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) were given orally to mice daily with the antibiotic treatment until day 28. The intestinal population levels of MRSA in the mice on multiple antibiotics were maintained stably at 108 CFU/g of intestinal contents after oral MRSA infection and the subsequent 5-FU treatment killed all the mice in the group within 14 days. B. breve administration saved most of the mice, but the synbiotic treatment saved all of the mice from lethal MRSA infection. The synbiotic treatment was effective for the treatment of intestinal infection caused by four MRSA strains with different toxin productions. There was a large difference among the six Bifidobacteria strains that were naturally resistant to the antibacterial drugs used. B. breve in combination with GOS is demonstrated to have valuable preventive and curative effects against even fatal MRSA infections. [source] Linezolid versus vancomycin for MRSA skin and soft tissue infections (systematic review and meta-analysis)ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 9 2009Tristan John Dodds Abstract Background:, This review aims to compare the effectiveness of linezolid to vancomycin for the treatment of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in inpatients. Methods:, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reference lists were searched in March 2007. We included randomized controlled trials that looked at inpatients treated with linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of hospital-acquired MRSA SSTIs. Outcome measures were clinical cure (resolution of symptoms and signs) and microbiological cure (eradication of MRSA on wound culture). The validity of the included trials was assessed. The results were combined in meta-analyses, the robustness of which was tested in sensitivity analyses. Results:, Four trials were included in this review: three for clinical outcomes (174 participants) and three for microbiological outcomes (439 participants). For clinical outcomes there were non-significant trends in favour of linezolid (RR 0.34; 95% CI 0.04, 2.89; P = 0.32). For microbiological outcomes there was weak evidence of linezolid outperforming vancomycin (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.30, 1.01; P = 0.05). Sensitivity analyses did not change the conclusions taken from the main analysis. Conclusion:, With the current available data no difference could be detected between the two treatments, but a trend towards higher effectiveness of linezolid was observed. More data will be required to determine if linezolid is superior to vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA SSTIs. Further systematic reviews are needed to look at other outcomes (length of hospital stay, safety and tolerability, cost-effectiveness) and at MRSA infections at other sites. [source] Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections and nasal carriage among children: molecular microbial data and clinical characteristicsCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 11 2008G. Sdougkos Abstract An increasing number of infections caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) carrying the Panton,Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes was recently identified in Greece. In the present study, 170 patients with S. aureus infections and 123 uninfected children (<15 years old) who had been tested for nasal carriage were evaluated during a 2-year period. The MecA, PVL and superantigen family genes, and MRSA clones, were investigated by molecular methods. Sites of infection and laboratory findings for patients were recorded. The results were compared and statistically analysed. Among 123 uninfected children 73 (59%) carried S. aureus, including four MRSA strains. Of these, three MRSA and three methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains were PVL-positive (p <0.0001). Ninety-six patients (96/170) exhibited skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), and 74 exhibited invasive infections. The incidence of staphylococcal infections increased during July to September each year. In total, 110 S. aureus isolates were PVL-positive (81 from SSTIs and 29 from invasive infections, p <0.0001). Ninety-nine out of 106 MRSA (93%) isolates from 170 patients carried the PVL genes (p <0.0001); 97 belonged to the clonal complex CC80. Leukocyte and polymorphonuclear cell counts were higher among children with MRSA infections (p <0.005). MSSA predominated among patients with invasive infections (43/74), and carried mainly genes of the superantigen family. Children <5 years of age showed a higher risk of MRSA infection. The present study demonstrates that infections due to PVL-positive CA-MRSA spread easily among children, and SSTIs can lead to invasive infections. Nasal colonization may be an additional factor contributing to the emergence of CA-MRSA. [source] Key considerations in the treatment of complicated staphylococcal infectionsCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 2008R. N. Jones Abstract Substantial increases in antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, are compromising traditional therapies for serious bacterial infections. There has been an alarming increase in the rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) over the past two decades, and the more recent emergence of heterogenous vancomycin-intermediate (hVISA), vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) strains limits the use of vancomycin, the current standard of care for MRSA infections. Tolerance to vancomycin, which represents a lack of bactericidal activity of vancomycin, is another troublesome property of some S. aureus strains that can adversely affect the outcome of antimicrobial therapy. Increasing MICs of vancomycin for staphylococci, poor tissue penetration by the drug and a slow rate of bactericidal action of the drug have also raised concerns about its efficacy in the contemporary treatment of MRSA infections. There is an increasingly apparent need for new agents for the treatment of staphylococcal infections, ideally with potent bactericidal activity against MRSA, hVISA, VISA and VRSA and with superior susceptibility profiles as compared with glycopeptides. [source] | ||||||||||