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Lymphotrophic Virus (lymphotrophic + virus)

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Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Donor Screening for Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1/2: The future Is Uncertain

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010
A. Humar
Screening of organ donors for HTLV-1/2 infection has advantages and disadvantages that must be weighed, and rational decisions will require new evidence. See minireview by Kaul et al on page 207. [source]

Donor Screening for Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1/2: Changing Paradigms for Changing Testing Capacity

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010
D. R. Kaul
Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) policy currently requires the testing of all potential organ donors for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)-1/2. Most Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO) use the Abbott HTLV-I/HTLV-II Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). This assay will no longer be manufactured after December 31, 2009; the only commercially available FDA-licensed assay will be the Abbott PRISM HTLV-I/II assay which poses many challenges to OPO use for organ donor screening. As a result, screening donors for HTLV-1/2 in a timely manner pretransplant after December 31, 2009 will be challenging. The true incidence of HTLV-1 in United States (U.S.) organ donors is not well described but appears to be low (,0.03,0.5%). HTLV-1 is associated with malignancy and neurological disease; HTLV-2 has not been convincingly associated with disease in humans. Donors that are HTLV-1/2 seropositive are infrequently used despite most results being either false positive or resulting from HTLV-2 infection. There is urgent need to encourage the development of assays, instruments and platforms optimized for organ donors that can be used to screen for transmissible disease in donors; these must have appropriate sensitivity and specificity to identify all infections while minimizing organ loss through false positive testing. [source]

Malignancies in organ transplant recipients

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2004
Yoshihiko Hoshida
The development of cancer in organ transplant recipients is well known; depressed immunosurveillance induced by the use of immunosuppressive agents for prevention of rejection is a causative factor. The types of malignancies in renal transplant patients vary geographically and are influenced by the type of immunosuppressant used. In the present study in Japan, malignancies had developed in 2.6% of renal transplant recipients; the observed number/expected number ratio was 2.78. For the primary sites, the relative risk in Japan was quite different from that in Western countries, with a lower frequency of skin cancer, an absence of Kaposi's sarcoma and higher frequencies of renal and thyroid cancer in Japan. Epstein,Barr virus is an oncogenic virus causing lymphoproliferative disorders in immunocompromised hosts. In renal transplant recipients, who usually receive hemodialysis before transplantation, human T lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)-1 is also oncogenic and causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The HTLV-1 in donor blood might be transmitted to transplant recipients via transfusion during hemodialysis. The epidemiology and characteristics of representative malignancies in transplant recipients are described, with a review of pertinent literature. [source]

Donor Screening for Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1/2: Changing Paradigms for Changing Testing Capacity

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010
D. R. Kaul
Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) policy currently requires the testing of all potential organ donors for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)-1/2. Most Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO) use the Abbott HTLV-I/HTLV-II Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). This assay will no longer be manufactured after December 31, 2009; the only commercially available FDA-licensed assay will be the Abbott PRISM HTLV-I/II assay which poses many challenges to OPO use for organ donor screening. As a result, screening donors for HTLV-1/2 in a timely manner pretransplant after December 31, 2009 will be challenging. The true incidence of HTLV-1 in United States (U.S.) organ donors is not well described but appears to be low (,0.03,0.5%). HTLV-1 is associated with malignancy and neurological disease; HTLV-2 has not been convincingly associated with disease in humans. Donors that are HTLV-1/2 seropositive are infrequently used despite most results being either false positive or resulting from HTLV-2 infection. There is urgent need to encourage the development of assays, instruments and platforms optimized for organ donors that can be used to screen for transmissible disease in donors; these must have appropriate sensitivity and specificity to identify all infections while minimizing organ loss through false positive testing. [source]