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Lymphocyte Transformation Test (lymphocyte + transformation_test)
Selected AbstractsLymphocyte transformation test as a diagnostic test in allergic contact dermatitisCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2005Hans F. Merk No abstract is available for this article. [source] Lymphocyte transformation test in patients with allergic contact dermatitisCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2005David Basketter No abstract is available for this article. [source] Hypersensitivity to titanium osteosynthesis with impaired fracture healing, eczema, and T-cell hyperresponsiveness in vitro: case report and review of the literatureCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2006Peter Thomas There are very few reports on hypersensitivity reactions in association with titanium-based materials so that the existence of allergy to titanium is still put in question. We report on a patient in whom impaired fracture healing and eczema localized to the perioperative area developed upon titanium-based osteosynthesis. Patch testing gave no reactions to titanium nor to nickel, chromium, or cobalt. However, in the lymphocyte transformation test, the patient's lymphocytes showed markedly enhanced proliferation in vitro to titanium. After removal of the titanium material, fracture healing was achieved and the eczema cleared. Parallel to this, in vitro hyperreactivity to titanium disappeared. Although contact allergic reactions to titanium have been very rarely reported, these findings support a diagnosis of titanium allergy in our patient. [source] Positive lymphocyte transformation test in a patient with allergic contact dermatitis of the scalp after short-term use of topical minoxidil solutionCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2005Tobias Hagemann Topical 2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide (minoxidil) solution has been widely used for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia for over 15 years now and the substance is currently approved for this indication in 2% and 5% formulation. Typical side effects of this topical treatment include irritative dermatitis going along with pruritus, erythema, scaling and dryness, which occur especially at the onset of the therapy. In some cases, allergic contact dermatitis or exacerbation of seborrhoic dermatitis has been reported. While most of the patients with allergic contact dermatitis described in the literature showed a positive sensitization to the vehicle substance propylene glycol evaluated by patch testing, reactions to the active ingredient minoxidil are rare. Here, we report a case of allergic sensitization to minoxidil, which we evaluated and differentiated from an irritative reaction by a combination of patch testing and lymphocyte transformation test. The differentiation of allergic and irritative adverse effects and the identification of the causative allergen are of major relevance for the proceeding and adjustment of the therapy. Patients with sensitizations against propylene glycol are candidates for preparations with alternative solvents but can proceed treatment with minoxidil. In contrast, patients with allergies to the active ingredient itself are no longer candidates for treatment with minoxidil and should undergo alternative therapeutic options. [source] Cell proliferation and apoptosis: dual-signal hypothesis tested in tuberculous pleuritis using mycobacterial antigensFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Sulochana D. Das Abstract Antigens and mitogens have the innate ability to trigger cell proliferation and apoptosis thus exhibiting a dual-signal phenomenon. This dual-signal hypothesis was tested with mycobacterial antigens (PPD and heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB) in tuberculous pleuritis patients where the immune response is protective and compartmentalized. We compared and correlated the cell-cycle analysis and antigen-induced apoptosis in normal and patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and patients' pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMCs). In cell-cycle analysis, PFMCs showed good mitotic response with PPD and MTB antigens where 10% and 7% of resting cells entered the S and G2/M phases of cell cycle, respectively. This antigen-induced proliferation of PFMCs correlated well with the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) results. On the other hand, PFMCs also showed 21% of spontaneous apoptosis, which further increased to 43%, by induction with known apoptotic agent like Dexamethasone (DEX) and the mycobacterial antigens PPD and MTB. Further we demonstrated by anti-CD3 induction experiments that prior activation of cells is prerequisite for them to undergo apoptosis. Our results showed that PPD and MTB antigens induced both cell proliferation and apoptosis in PFMCs, which were pre-sensitized to mycobacterial antigens in vivo. Thus the dual-signal phenomenon was operative against these antigens in tuberculous pleuritis. We also demonstrated that the activated cells are more predisposed to apoptosis. [source] Diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to ,-lactam antibioticsALLERGY, Issue 11 2004A. Romano Nonimmediate manifestations (i.e. occurring more than 1 h after drug administration), particularly maculopapular and urticarial eruptions, are common during , -lactam treatment. The mechanisms involved in most nonimmediate reactions seem to be heterogeneous and are not yet completely understood. However, clinical and immunohistological studies, as well as analysis of drug-specific T-cell clones obtained from the circulating blood and the skin, suggest that a type-IV (cell-mediated) pathogenic mechanism may be involved in some nonimmediate reactions such as maculopapular or bullous rashes and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. In the diagnostic work-up, the patient's history is fundamental; patch testing is useful, together with delayed-reading intradermal testing. The latter appears to be somewhat more sensitive than patch testing, but also less specific. In case of negative allergologic tests, consideration should be given to provocation tests, and the careful administration of the suspect agents. With regard to in vitro tests, the lymphocyte transformation test may contribute to the identification of the responsible drug. Under the aegis of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) interest group on drug hypersensitivity and the European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA), in this review we describe the general guidelines for evaluating subjects with nonimmediate reactions to , -lactams. [source] | ||||||||||