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Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (low + density_lipoprotein_cholesterol)
Selected AbstractsThe Relation Between Mitral Annular Calcification and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Coronary AngiographyECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 9 2006Howard J. Willens M.D. To determine whether the observed association between mitral annular calcification (MAC) and mortality is independent of the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), we analyzed data from 134 male veterans (age 63 ± 10 years) followed for 5 years who had undergone diagnostic coronary angiography and transthoracic echocardiography within 6 months of each other. Echocardiograms were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of MAC. The relation of MAC to all-cause mortality was analyzed using logistic regression, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. MAC was present in 49 (37%) subjects. Over the 5-year follow-up period, 38 (28%) patients expired. Five-year survival was 80% for subjects without MAC and 56% for subjects with MAC (P = 0.003). MAC (OR = 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.43,6.96, P = 0.003), ejection fraction (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59,0.97, P = 0.02), and left main CAD (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.11,6.57, P = 0.02) were significantly associated with mortality in univariate analysis. After adjusting for left ventricular ejection fraction, number of obstructed coronary arteries and the presence of left main coronary artery stenosis, MAC significantly predicted death (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.09,5.68, P = 0.03). Similarly, after adjusting for predictors of MAC, including ejection fraction, age, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure, MAC remained a significant predictor of death (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.02,5.58, P = 0.04). MAC also predicted death independent of smoking status, hypertension, serum creatinine, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein levels (OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 1.68,9.40, P = 0.001). MAC detected by two-dimensional echocardiography independently predicts mortality and may provide an easy-to-perform and inexpensive way to improve risk stratification. [source] Plasma lipid and blood glucose levels in patients with destructive periodontal diseaseJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2000Wolfgang Lösche Abstract Hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In recent years, some evidence has been presented that periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To further elucidate this association, we have studied standard blood chemistry variables known as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in periodontally diseased and healthy subjects. We have measured levels of plasma lipids and fasting blood glucose in 39 subjects with moderate periodontal disease (age 50,60 years) and compared the results with those obtained in 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Both groups were systemically healthy according to their medical history. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly higher in periodontally diseased subjects by about 8% (p<0.03), 13% (p<0.003) and 39% (p<0.001), respectively, when compared to controls. Although subjects with diabetes were excluded from the study, we found significantly higher blood glucose levels in the patient than in the control group (85±25 versus 73±17 mg/dl; p<0.02). There was also a significantly higher frequency of pathological plasma lipid profiles in the patient than in the control group. The results indicate that hyperlipaemia and pre-diabetes may be associated with periodontal disease in systemically healthy subjects. These data do not allow us to decide, whether periodontal disease causes an increase in hyperlipaemia and in a prediabetic state or whether periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease share hyperlipidaemia and the prediabetic state as common risk factors. [source] Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress, Impairment in Lipids and Plasma Lipoproteins by the Combined Treatment with Quercetin and ,-Tocopherol in RatsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2010S. Milton Prabu Abstract:, Cadmium (Cd) exposure results in numerous pathological consequences including oxidative stress and dyslipidemia. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of combined treatment with quercetin (QE) and ,-tocopherol (AT) against Cd-induced oxidative stress and alterations in lipids and lipoproteins in the plasma and liver of rats. Oral administration of Cd (5 mg/kg bw/d) for 4 wk has shown a significant (P < 0.05) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydro peroxides (LOOH), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TGs), and the activity of hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in plasma with a significant (P > 0.05) reduction in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) in plasma. In addition, the levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), LOOH, conjugated dienes (CD), protein carbonyls (PC), and the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, levels of cholesterol, FFA, and TGs were significantly (P > 0.05) increased and the level of PL is significantly (P > 0.05) decreased along with the decreased activity of LCAT in the liver of Cd-treated rats. Oral supplementation with QE (50 mg/kg bw/d) and AT (50 mg/kg bw/d) for 4 wk in Cd intoxicated rats significantly (P > 0.05) has reduced the plasma levels of TBARS, LOOH, GSH, cholesterol, FFA, TGs, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and the activity of HMG-CoA and significantly (P > 0.05) has increased the activity of LCAT and the plasma levels of HDL-C. The oral supplementation also significantly (P > 0.05) has reduced the hepatic oxidative stress markers, cholesterol, TGs, FFA, and significantly (P > 0.05) has increased the LCAT activity and the PL in liver. Our results indicate that the combined treatment with QE and AT has normalized all the previously mentioned biochemical parameters in Cd-intoxicated rats than the individual treatments. The combined treatment has provided remarkable protection against Cd-induced oxidative stress and alterations in lipid metabolism and, thereby, reduced the Cd-mediated cardiovascular diseases. [source] A randomized, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial to compare the efficacy and safety profile of daming capsule in patients with hypercholesterolemiaPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2009Ai Jing Abstract To study the efficacy and tolerability of Daming capsule (DMC) in Chinese patients with hyperlipidemia, a randomized, multi-centre, open-label, parallel-group trial was conducted. Sixty enrolled patients with hyperlipidemia allocated to six medical centers were randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. One group received DMC 2 g b.i.d. for 6 weeks, and the other received pravastatin 10 mg o.d. for 6 weeks. For efficacy assessment, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured before and after drug treatment. Serum TC and LDL-C levels in the DMC-treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (p < 0.05), while TG and HDL-C levels did not change much. Tolerability was assessed by heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr), which were not changed in either the DMC or pravastatin groups at 3 and 6 weeks (p > 0.05). Besides, eight patients experienced diarrhea during DMC treatment and two experienced myalgia and epigastric discomfort during pravastatin treatment. Based on the above results, it was concluded that DMC may be a good candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and further clinical trials are warranted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Herba Epimedii water extract elevates estrogen level and improves lipid metabolism in postmenopausal womenPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2008Fang-Fang Yan Abstract Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can ameliorate lipid metabolism after menopause, but it is not suitable for long-term use because of serious side effects. Herba Epimedii is a widely used herbal medicine in many Asian countries, it potentially treats menopausal syndrome and its complications with few side effects and good curative effects. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Herba Epimedii water extract on blood lipid and sex hormone levels. Ninety subjects were randomly divided into two groups: a trial group which received Herba Epimedii water extract and a control group which was administered an equal amount of water placebo. At the baseline and after 6 months of medication, serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were measured. The results indicated that Herba Epimedii water extract decreased the TC and TG levels (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Herba Epimedii water extract significantly increased the serum level of E2 (p < 0.01) compared with the pre-treatment level. In conclusion, Herba Epimedii water extract produces its beneficial actions in postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hypolipidemic activity of Anethum graveolens in ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008Valiollah Hajhashemi Abstract The aerial parts of Anethum graveolens (dillweed) are used in Iran as a hypolipidemic agent. The scientific basis for its use has yet to be established. In this study the hypolipidemic activity of dill powder and its essential oil (its most important fraction) were evaluated in male Wistar rats (180 ± 20 g) fed a high cholesterol diet. Anethum graveolens essential oil (AGEO) was prepared by hydrodistillation and analysed using GC/MS. AGEO had a yield of 2% and GC/MS analysis showed that , -phellandrene (32%), limonene (28%) and carvone (28%) were its major components. Daily oral administration of AGEO to rats at doses of 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg for 2 weeks significantly and in a dose-dependent manner reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). AGEO also increased significantly high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Anethum graveolens powder when added to the diet of animals showed similar effects on serum lipids. It is concluded that Anethum graveolens has significant lipid lowering effects and is a promising cardioprotective agent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Relationship between body mass index and infertility in healthy male Japanese workers: a pilot studyANDROLOGIA, Issue 2 2009K. Ohwaki Summary Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between men's body mass index (BMI) and infertility and to examine the effects of factors related to metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Our sample comprised 74 healthy Japanese workers at a company who were married between 2003 and 2005. The outcome variable was whether a baby was born during the study period (median follow-up period, 20 months; range, 8,42 months). Data for BMI and other factors were obtained from the results of an annual health checkup in the year of each employee's marriage. Forty-seven men (64%) did not father a baby. Having a baby was significantly associated with a low BMI (21.4 versus 23.2 kg m,2; P = 0.006). A Cox proportional hazard regression model was performed to assess the association of BMI with fathering a baby. Adjusting for age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and haemoglobin A1C, higher BMI was significantly associated with not fathering a baby (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.67,0.95; P = 0012). High BMI in men was independently associated with an increased risk of not siring a child. [source] Comparative study on hypocholesterolemic effect of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodobacter capsulatus on rats fed a high cholesterol dietANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007Hirotada TSUJII ABSTRACT This comparative study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodobacter capsulatus on rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Thirty male Wister,Imamichi rats were assigned to three groups and fed on either a high cholesterol diet, or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 2.0% R. palustris or R. capsulatus for 4 weeks. Compared to the control diet, both of the R. palustris and R. capsulatus supplemented diets significantly reduced the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides, but increased hepatic cholesterol in rats. In addition, both of the R. palustris and R. capsulatus supplemented diets may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, as the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to the total cholesterol was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Both the R. palustris and R. capsulatus supplemented diets led to an increase in the serum palmitic acid, compared with the oleic acid and linoleic acid. No significant differences were postulated between the rats fed R. palustris and R. capsulatus supplemented diets during the 4 weeks of the experimental period. Thus, the results may suggest that both R. palustris and R. capsulatus can contribute significant health benefits and seems to be feasible to investigate in future research. [source] Univariate and Bivariate Linkage Analysis Identifies Pleiotropic Loci Underlying Lipid Levels and Type 2 Diabetes RiskANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 4 2010Sandra J. Hasstedt Summary Dyslipidemia frequently co-occurs with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and with obesity. To investigate whether the co-occurrence is due to pleiotropic genes, we performed univariate linkage analysis of lipid levels and bivariate linkage analysis of pairs of lipid levels and of lipid levels paired with T2D, body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in the African American subset of the Genetics of NIDDM (GENNID) sample. We obtained significant evidence for a pleiotropic low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),T2D locus on chromosome 1 at 16,19 megabases (MB) (bivariate lod = 4.41), as well as a non-pleiotropic triglyceride (TG) locus on chromosome 20 at 28,34 MB (univariate lod = 3.57). In addition, near-significant evidence supported TG,T2D loci on chromosome 2 at 81,101 MB (bivariate lod = 4.23) and 232,239 MB (bivariate lod = 4.27) and on chromosome 7 at 147,151 MB (univariate lod = 3.08 for TG with P = 0.041 supporting pleiotropy with T2D), as well as an LDL-C,BMI locus on chromosome 3 at 137,147 MB (bivariate lod score = 4.25). These findings provide evidence that at least some of the co-occurrence of dyslipidemia with T2D and obesity is due to common underlying genes. [source] Thyroid dysfunction and serum lipids: a community-based studyCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 6 2005John P. Walsh Summary Objective, It is uncertain whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with hypercholesterolaemia, particularly in subjects with SCH and serum TSH , 10 mU/l. Design, patients and measurements, Cross-sectional study of 2108 participants in a 1981 community health survey in Busselton, Western Australia. Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in all subjects and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) measured (and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) calculated) in a subgroup of 631 subjects at the time of the survey. In 2001, TSH and free T4 concentrations were measured on archived sera stored at ,70 °C. Serum lipid concentrations in subjects with thyroid dysfunction and euthyroid subjects were compared using linear regression models. Results, In the group as a whole, serum total cholesterol was higher in subjects with SCH (N = 119) than in euthyroid subjects (N = 1906) (mean ± SD 6·3 ± 1·3 mmol/l vs. 5·8 ± 1·2 mmol/l, P < 0·001 unadjusted, P = 0·061 adjusted for age, age2 and sex). Serum total cholesterol was similarly elevated in subjects with SCH and TSH , 10 mU/l (N = 89) (6·3 ± 1·3 mmol/l, P < 0·001 unadjusted, P = 0·055 adjusted for age, age2 and sex). In the subgroup analysis, LDL-C was higher in subjects with SCH (N = 30) than in euthyroid subjects (N = 580) (4·1 ± 1·2 mmol/l vs. 3·5 ± 1·0 mmol/l, P < 0·01 unadjusted, P = 0·024 adjusted for age, age2 and sex). LDL-C was significantly increased in subjects with SCH and TSH , 10 mU/l (N = 23) (4·3 ± 1·3 mmol/l, P < 0·001 unadjusted, P = 0·002 adjusted for age, age2 and sex). Conclusion, SCH is associated with increased serum LDL-C concentrations, which is significant after adjustment for age, age2 and sex. [source] Serum paraoxonase activity before and after treatment of thyrotoxicosisCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Farbod Raiszadeh Summary objective, Antioxidant effects of paraoxonase, a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that inhibits low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) oxidation in human serum, have been reported. Patients with thyroid dysfunction are more susceptible to oxidative stress, and may show enhanced LDL-C oxidation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum paraoxonase activity in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after treatment with methimazole (MMI). design and patients, Twenty-four hyperthyroid patients (15 women and nine men, aged 43·0 ± 12·9 years) and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. Serum paraoxonase activity, lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels were measured in fasting samples. Patients were treated with MMI 20,30 mg daily for the first month, and 5,10 mg daily thereafter, and re-evaluated after 6,9 months of treatment. results, Significantly lower serum paraoxonase activity was present in hyperthyroid patients before treatment compared with the controls (43·4 ± 21·9 vs. 72·6 ± 41·2 U/ml, P < 0·005). After a mean follow-up of 7·3 months, 15 patients became euthyroid (treated) and nine were still hyperthyroid. After follow-up, serum paraoxonase activity had increased to 62·2 ± 37·4 U/ml in those who became euthyroid (P < 0·05 compared with baseline). In patients who were still hyperthyroid serum paraoxonase was unchanged from baseline, at 43·2 ± 23·2 U/ml. conclusion, Serum paraoxonase is reduced in patients with hyperthyroidism and reverts to normal after euthyroidism is attained. Reduced serum paraoxonase activity in thyrotoxicosis might predispose lipids to oxidation. [source] | |||||||||||||