Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Look
Kinds of Look Terms modified by Look Selected AbstractsA CRITICAL LOOK AT PAP ADEQUECY: ARE OUR CRITERIA SATISFACTORY?CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2006D.R. Bolick Liquid based Pap (LBP) specimen adequacy is a highly documented, yet poorly understood cornerstone of our GYN cytology practice. Each day, as cytology professionals, we make adequacy assessments and seldom wonder how the criteria we use were established. Are the criteria appropriate? Are they safe? What is the scientific data that support them? Were they clinically and statistically tested or refined to achieve optimal patient care? In this presentation, we will take a fresh look at what we know about Pap specimen adequacy and challenge some of the core assumptions of our daily practice. LBP tests have a consistent, well-defined surface area for screening, facilitating the quantitative estimates of slide cellularity. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to establish reproducible adequacy standards that can be subjected to scientific scrutiny and rigorous statistical analysis. Capitalizing on this opportunity, the TBS2001 took the landmark step to define specimen adequacy quantitatively, and set the threshold for a satisfactory LBP at greater than 5,000 well visualized squamous epithelial cells. To date, few published studies have attempted to evaluate the validity or receiver operator characteristics for this threshold, define an optimal threshold for clinical utility or assess risks of detection failure in ,satisfactory' but relatively hypocellular Pap specimens. Five years of cumulative adequacy and cellularity data of prospectively collected Pap samples from the author's laboratory will be presented, which will serve as a foundation for a discussion on ,Pap failure'. A relationship between cellularity and detection of HSIL will be presented. Risk levels for Pap failure will be presented for Pap samples of different cellularities. The effect of different cellularity criterion on unsatisfactory Pap rates and Pap failure rates will be demonstrated. Results from this data set raise serious questions as to the safety of current TBS2001 adequacy guidelines and suggest that the risk of Pap failure in specimens with 5,000 to 20 000 squamous cells on the slide is significantly higher than those assumed by the current criteria. TBS2001 designated all LBP to have the same adequacy criterion. Up to this point, it has been assumed that ThinPrep, SurePath, or any other LBP would be sufficiently similar that they should have the same adequacy criteria. Data for squamous cellularity and other performance characteristics of ThinPrep and SurePath from the author's laboratory will be compared. Intriguing data involving the recently approved MonoPrep Pap Test will be reviewed. MonoPrep clinical trial data show the unexpected finding of a strong correlation between abundance of endocervical component and the detection of high-grade lesions, provoking an inquiry of a potential new role for a quantitative assessment of the transition zone component. The current science of LBP adequacy criteria is underdeveloped and does not appear to be founded on statistically valid methods. This condition calls us forward as a body of practitioners and scientists to rigorously explore, clarify and define the fundamental nature of cytology adequacy. As we forge this emerging science, we will improve diagnostic performance, guide the development of future technologies, and better serve the patients who give us their trust. Reference:, Birdsong GG: Pap smear adequacy: Is our understanding satisfactory? Diagn Cytopathol. 2001 Feb; 24(2): 79,81. [source] ANOTHER LOOK AT THE DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCHFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 4 2001Access Decisions for Young Children", Commentary on Kelly, Lamb's "Using Child Development Research to Make Appropriate Custody Kelly and Lamb (2000) recently provided a summary of the attachment literature and a set of guidelines for visitation and custody for young children in divorced and separated families. Here, Solomon and Biringen review the same literature with an eye to critically evaluating these guidelines, especially the suggestion that more, rather than fewer, transitions between parents are appropriate for very young children. Three types of empirical findings raise questions regarding the appropriateness of Kelly and Lamb's guidelines. These include differences in the development of infant-mother and infant-father attachments, young children's sensitivity to overnight separations from the primary caregiver, and the possibility of infant preferences for primary versus secondary caregivers in times of stress. The authors argue that considerably more rigorous research is required before submitting Kelly and Lamb's suggestion to social policy. [source] COMPETITION AND REGULATION IN THE U.K. ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY (WITH A BRIEF LOOK AT CALIFORNIA)JOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 4 2001Stephen C. Littlechild In this article, the U.K.'s Director General of Electricity Supply from 1989 to 1998 assesses the effects of deregulation and competition on the U.K. electricity industry after about a decade. Expansion of existing competitors, new entry, and further restructuring have reduced the aggregate share of the largest two generation companies from nearly 80% to 26%. Efficiency has improved and wholesale prices have fallen after an initial increase. Voluntary bilateral contracts markets are about to replace the mandatory "Pool," with centralised control limited to physically balancing the system and settling contract imbalances. Retail supply competition has been active for large industrial customers since the beginning, and 80% of them now buy from another supplier. The market for residential customers opened in early 1999, and already nearly a quarter of them have chosen another supplier. Incentive price controls on transmission and distribution have stimulated increased efficiency and significantly reduced use-of-system charges. Overall, prices for all classes of customers have fallen by 25,35% in real terms since privatisation, and quality of service has improved. California has adopted a policy that is similar in many respects, but with very different results. The problems there have stemmed partly from less favourable demand and supply conditions, but also from significant policy differences, including barriers to building new capacity, obstacles to the use of long-term supply (or hedging) contracts, retail price controls at untenable levels, and the requirement that (after a transition period) utilities pass through wholesale spot prices directly to their customers. Changes in such policies will eventually enable both producers and consumers in California to benefit from competition. [source] UNDERSTANDING SELF-OTHER AGREEMENT: A LOOK AT RATER AND RATEE CHARACTERISTICS, CONTEXT, AND OUTCOMESPERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2004CHERI OSTROFF This study investigated (a) the relative importance of a number of biographic (e.g., age, race, gender) and contextual (e.g., span of control, functional area) variables and their interactions on self-other agreement and (b) the relationship between self-other agreement and outcome variables such as performance and compensation. Usable data were collected from 3,217 managers and their multi-source raters in 527 organizations. Multivariate regression procedures (as opposed to categorization procedures) were used to determine the sources of rating disagreement. Results indicated that a significant portion of variance in self-other ratings was accounted for by the set of background/context variables. Self-other agreement was also related to performance, compensation, and organizational level, though rating patterns differed. [source] A CLOSER LOOK AT CLOSURE SCEPTICISMPROCEEDINGS OF THE ARISTOTELIAN SOCIETY (HARDBACK), Issue 1 2006Michael Blome-Tillmann ABSTRACT The paper argues that there is no valid closure principle that can be used to infer sceptical conclusions. My argument exploits the Gettier Intuition that knowledge is incompatible with accidentally true belief. This intuition is interpreted as placing a constraint on beliefs that can count as knowledge: only beliefs which are based on reasons that are relevantly linked to the beliefs' truth can qualify as knowledge. I argue that closure principles are to reflect this constraint by accommodating the requirement that a subject's belief p needs to be based on her competent derivation of p from a known q. The emerging account is finally argued to reconcile Dretske's anti-closure intuitions with the intuition that we can extend knowledge by deduction, while simultaneously blocking closure arguments for scepticism about the external world. [source] A NEW LOOK AT BERKELEY'S IDEALISMTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009BENJAMIN L. CURTIS In this note I firstly give a formulation of Berkeleyean Idealism in modern anti-realist terms. Secondly, I supply a reading of Berkeley that serves to do three things: 1. It makes clear that the formulation of the position in modern terms is acceptable. 2. It offers a revealing insight into the reasons why Berkeley accepted the position. 3. It allows us to see that these reasons are, in fact, bad ones. [source] ANOTHER LOOK AT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION PROXIES,AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 3 2009PAUL H. JENSEN Shortcomings in the treatment of intangible investment in company accounts imply that there is no statistical collection for innovative activity which abides by the logic used for other economic activity data. As a consequence, analysts rely on innovation proxies derived from administrative and survey data. However, it is still unclear exactly how the different proxies are correlated, and whether the choice amongst different proxies matters. In the light of the innovation measurement, this paper takes another look at the relationship between different proxies of firm innovation. The results show that firm-level correlations between survey-based indicators and other proxies for innovation are highest for manufacturing firms and for product innovations. [source] PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE: A NEW LOOK AT THE ARGUMENTSBIOETHICS, Issue 3 2007J.M. DIETERLE ABSTRACT In this paper, I examine the arguments against physician assisted suicide (PAS). Many of these arguments are consequentialist. Consequentialist arguments rely on empirical claims about the future and thus their strength depends on how likely it is that the predictions will be realized. I discuss these predictions against the backdrop of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act and the practice of PAS in the Netherlands. I then turn to a specific consequentialist argument against PAS , Susan M. Wolf's feminist critique of the practice. Finally, I examine the two most prominent deontological arguments against PAS. Ultimately, I conclude that no anti-PAS argument has merit. Although I do not provide positive arguments for PAS, if none of the arguments against it are strong, we have no reason not to legalize it. [source] Commodities and Sexual Subjectivities: A Look at Capitalism and Its DesiresCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Debra Curtis ABSTRACT The links between the production of sexual subjectivity and commodity consumption exemplify how capitalism thrives through the production of plurality and difference. Tupperware-style sex-toy parties organized by and for women provide the ethnographic ground for exploring the question of how sex toys marketed in this venue incite consumer desires and reshape sexual practices. Using an interpretative approach to understanding the effects of the home-based parties as well as in-depth interviews with participants, this article demonstrates how marketing practices encourage the proliferation of multiple sexualities. [source] Book Reviews: Distribution and Development: A New Look at the Developing WorldECONOMICA, Issue 282 2004Rohini Somanathan No abstract is available for this article. [source] Leaving Against Medical Advice after Out-of-hospital Naloxone: A Closer Look is NeededACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 3 2004Alberto Perez MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Perceptions of Elderly Self-Neglect: A Look at Culture and CohortFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007Sylvia Marie San Filippo Abuse and neglect are issues of concern that face the elderly population. This study investigated differences in perception of self-neglect behaviors among four cohort and four cultural groups. Data were collected from students, staff, and faculty at a large state university, attendees at multiple senior centers, and people attending cultural fairs in Southern California. Using this convenience sample of 494 participants, age 18 years or older, researchers identified factors influencing self-neglect perceptions in the culture and cohort models. Significant variables identified in both models are: having a daily caloric intake of fewer than 1,000 calories, avoiding friends and social events, drinking three to four alcoholic drinks at social occasions, and working part-time. It is important for professionals working with self-neglecting elders to understand differences in perception by culture and cohort. Agreement on a definition of self-neglect is a step toward better addressing self-neglect in the elderly community. [source] Taking a Closer Look at Vocabulary Learning Strategies: A Case Study of a Chinese Foreign Language ClassFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 4 2007Paula M. Winke Over the past decades, there have been a number of studies investigating the vocabulary strategies used by learners of Indo-European languages, especially English. However, studies of the strategies used by learners of non-Indo-European languages are rare. This classroom-based case study investigates the vocabulary learning strategies used by nine learners of Chinese as aforeign language and tests a taxonomy, based on Long's (1996) interaction hypothesis, for classifying strategies that mayfacilitate our understanding of strategies and their role within second language acquisition. [source] Another Look at Steady-Shape ConditionsGROUND WATER, Issue 5 2009Ralph C. Heath No abstract is available for this article. [source] Where Infants Look Determines How They See: Eye Movements and Object Perception Performance in 3-Month-OldsINFANCY, Issue 2 2004Scott P. Johnson A fundamental question of perceptual development concerns how infants come to perceive partly hidden objects as unified across a spatial gap imposed by an occluder. Much is known about the time course of development of perceptual completion during the first several months after birth, as well as some of the visual information that supports unity perception in infants. The goal of this investigation was to examine the inputs to this process. We recorded eye movements in 3-month-old infants as they participated in a standard object unity task and found systematic differences in scanning patterns between those infants whose post-habituation preferences were indicative of unity perception versus those infants who did not perceive unity. Perceivers, relative to nonperceivers, scanned more reliably in the vicinity of the visible rod parts and scanned more frequently across the range of rod motion. These results suggest that emerging object concepts are tied closely to available visual information in the environment, and the process of information pickup. [source] Gradualism, Transparency and the Improved Operational Framework: A Look at Overnight Volatility Transmission,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 2 2009Silvio Colarossi This paper proposes a possible way of assessing the effect on interest rate dynamics of changes in the decision-making method, in the communication strategy and in the operational framework of a central bank. Through a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) specification, we show that the United States and the euro area displayed a limited but significant spillover of volatility from money market to longer-term rates. We then checked the stability of this phenomenon in the most recent period of improved policy-making and found empirical evidence to show that the transmission of overnight volatility along the yield curve had entirely disappeared. [source] Balancing Theory versus Fact, Stasis versus Change: A Look at Some Introductions to International RelationsINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2004Andrew J. Enterline Do dramatic events in international relations (IR) signal fundamental changes in political behavior? How do international relations texts address change, and what are the implications of textbook design for the way that we teach undergraduate introductions to the field? This article provides an initial inquiry into these questions by surveying a sample of five international relations texts. Rather than seek to pick the best book, the article examines the methods by which the textbook authors balance theory versus facts, as well as stasis versus change, in formulating introductory frameworks. This analysis is motivated by way of a general comparison of the sample texts with Organski's (1958) text, World Politics. Finally, the author discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different balancing strategies, and the implications of these strategies for teaching introductions to international relations. [source] An Analytical Look at Anti-AmericanismINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2007Polly J. Diven First page of article [source] A New Look at the Cyprus ProblemINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2003Neill Nugent No abstract is available for this article. [source] A New Look at Kant's Theory of PleasureJOURNAL OF AESTHETICS AND ART CRITICISM, Issue 3 2002Rachel Zuckert First page of article [source] Knowing Where to LookJOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001WILLIAM G. STEVENSON M.D. [source] Getting to Goal Blood Pressure: Why Reserpine Deserves a Second LookJOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION, Issue 8 2007Joshua Barzilay MD First page of article [source] Learning Political Information From the News: A Closer Look at the Role of MotivationJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 2 2009Clarissa C. David This paper investigates how motivations that drive news use affect the process of learning political information from the news. A model that traces the influence of motivational factors on following news about general public affairs is proposed. Tests conducted with nationally representative surveys revealed that motivations for following general public affairs in the news are conceptually and empirically distinct. Results showed that certain psychological needs drive motivations toward following general news, and that various types of motives have independent effects on exposure and attention to news. Finally, we found that motivations have significant indirect effects on knowledge about politics. Implications on theoretical developments in political knowledge and learning are discussed. [source] A New Look at Husbands' and Wives' Time AllocationJOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2004MOHAMMAD ALENEZI The impacts of economic and non-economic factors on husbands' and wives' market work time and housework time are estimated using 13 years of data from the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics. Several limitations in earlier studies are addressed, and a unique feature of the study is the direct estimation of effects on time allocation from changes in the prices of market-produced goods and input goods in household production. Many of the findings of earlier studies are reconfirmed, but new insights are also explored. Husbands and wives respond similarly in their time allocations to changes in input goods prices, but their responses are different to changes in market goods prices. [source] A Closer Look at Using Judgments of Item Difficulty to Change Answers on Computerized Adaptive TestsJOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 4 2005Walter P. Vispoel Recent studies have shown that restricting review and answer change opportunities on computerized adaptive tests (CATs) to items within successive blocks reduces time spent in review, satisfies most examinees' desires for review, and controls against distortion in proficiency estimates resulting from intentional incorrect answering of items prior to review. However, restricting review opportunities on CATs may not prevent examinees from artificially raising proficiency estimates by using judgments of item difficulty to signal when to change previous answers. We evaluated six strategies for using item difficulty judgments to change answers on CATs and compared the results to those from examinees reviewing and changing answers in the usual manner. The strategy conditions varied in terms of when examinees were prompted to consider changing answers and in the information provided about the consistency of the item selection algorithm. We found that examinees fared best on average when they reviewed and changed answers in the usual manner. The best gaming strategy was one in which the examinees knew something about the consistency of the item selection algorithm and were prompted to change responses only when they were unsure about answer correctness and sure about their item difficulty judgments. However, even this strategy did not produce a mean gain in proficiency estimates. [source] The Rules of the Global Game: A New Look at U.S. International Policymaking, by Kenneth W. Dam.JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2003$32.50 cloth.., 304 pp., Chicago: University of Chicago Press [source] Oral Health of Young Children in Mississippi Delta Child Care Centers: A Second Look at Early Childhood Caries Risk AssessmentJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2008Linda H. Southward PhD Abstract Objectives: To identify the predictors of early childhood caries and urgent dental treatment need among primarily African-American children in child care centers in the Delta region of Mississippi. The purpose of this study was to replicate predictors of caries and urgent dental treatment needs that were identified in an earlier study conducted in Delta child care centers and to assess additional caries risk factors not collected in the original study. Methods: Children in 19 child care centers were examined by the dentists, and the parents provided data on oral health practices, oral health history, and on children's oral health-related quality of life (QOL). The dentists also assessed visible plaque and tested levels of mutans streptococci. Predictors of caries and treatment need among children 24 to 71 months of age were examined using logistic regression. Results: Two parent predictors of caries identified in the earlier study (parent flossing and soft/sugary drink consumption) were not predictive in the current study. Parent history of abscess continued to predict their child's urgent need for treatment. Young children's level of salivary mutans streptococci, maxillary incisor visible plaque, and parents' reports of child oral health-related QOL measures predicted the presence of both caries and urgent treatment need. Some expected predictors, such as frequency of child's toothbrushing, were not predictive of caries. Conclusions: Parental abscess and parent's report of the child's oral health-related QOL are risk indicators for poor oral health outcomes that could be used by nondental personnel to identify young children in need of early preventive intervention and dental referral. [source] N,g,rjuna and the Tath,gatagarbha: A Closer Look at Some Peculiar Features in the NiraupamyastavaJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 2 2009DRASKO MITRIKESKIArticle first published online: 25 JUN 200 This article examines several verses from the Niraupamyastava, where N,g,rjuna makes explicit references to the non-empty aspects of the doctrine of emptiness,a topic systematized and crystallized in the doctrine of Tath,gatagarbha, thought to have appeared later than his date and to have been unknown to him. Establishing the authenticity of the hymn, in addition to the criteria utilized by Lindtner, the article analyses the style and the relationship of the text with texts belonging to other schools, thus locating N,g,rjuna in his historical and temporal context. The article also brings into focus the overlooked or marginalized topics present in N,g,rjuna's texts such as the practice of devotion and visualization of the Buddha as method for realizing emptiness. [source] A Global Look at Psychological Barriers to Women's Progress in ManagementJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 4 2001Virginia E. Schein In the early 1970s Schein identified managerial sex typing as a major psychological barrier to the advancement of women in the United States. The globalization of management brings to the forefront the need to examine the relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics in the international arena. A review of the replications of the Schein research in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, and Japan provides the basis for a global look at the "think manager,think male" phenomenon. Implications of the outcomes, especially among males, for women's progress in management worldwide are discussed. [source] A Look Back at the,Dred Scott,DecisionJOURNAL OF SUPREME COURT HISTORY, Issue 2 2010STEPHEN G. BREYER Thank you for inviting me to deliver the 2009 Annual Lecture of the Supreme Court Historical Society. I am a great admirer of the Society's commitment to preserving the history of the Supreme Court and to increasing the public's awareness of the Court's contributions to our nation's history. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||