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Long-term Adverse Effects (long-term + adverse_effects)
Selected AbstractsNarrow-band ultraviolet B treatment for vitiligo, pruritus, and inflammatory dermatosesPHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE, Issue 4 2003Sharam Samson Yashar Background: Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy has been used successfully for the treatment of inflammatory and pigmentary skin disorders including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, mycosis fungoides, polymorphous light eruption, and vitiligo. Methods: This is a retrospective review of the treatment outcomes of 117 consecutive patients with vitiligo, pruritus, and other inflammatory dermatoses, excluding those with psoriasis and CTCL, who were treated with NB-UVB between 1998 and 2001 at our institution. Results: Approximately 80% of all patients showed improvement in their condition. NB-UVB phototherapy was well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects. In patients with vitiligo, 6.4% had an abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone level and 6.5% had anemia. Conclusion: NB-UVB may be considered as a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of vitiligo, pruritus, and other inflammatory dermatoses. Long-term adverse effects and cost,benefit analysis of NB-UVB therapy compared to other treatment modalities remain to be determined. [source] Interventions for treating traumatized necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth: inducing a calcific barrier & root strengtheningDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Mohammad A. D. Al Ansary This systematic review attempts to establish where the effects of interventions using multi-visit apexification, single visit apical plug techniques and root strengthening procedures are consistent and where they may vary significantly. Objectives:, To evaluate the relative effectiveness of apexification and apical plug techniques as well as root strengthening procedures for treating traumatized necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Reported immediate and/or long-term adverse events and effects of the materials and techniques are also evaluated. Search strategy & selection criteria:, Structured electronic and hand search was performed with no restriction on the language of publication. Only randomized controlled trials comparing different apical barrier formation techniques and root strengthening procedures in traumatized necrotic immature anterior teeth were assessed. Results:, Two hundred studies were identified but only two were suitable for inclusion. Included studies investigated multi-visit apexification techniques using calcium hydroxide and tricalcium phosphate. There were no eligible studies investigating root strengthening procedures or any other intervention for apical barrier formation in necrotic immature anterior teeth. No reliable information was available on long-term adverse effects of the reported interventions or cost implications. Conclusions:, Based on two included studies, there is weak evidence supporting the use of either calcium hydroxide or tricalcium phosphate for apical barrier formation in necrotic immature anterior teeth employing multi-visit apexification techniques. The evidence is insufficient to provide guidelines for practice. There was no reliable evidence on adverse events or long-term effects after the use of calcium hydroxide or tricalcium phosphate justifying caution in their use in apical barrier formation techniques. [source] Topical tacrolimus in the management of atopic dermatitis in JapanDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 2 2006Masutaka Furue ABSTRACT:, Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, severely pruritic, eczematous skin disease. Topical steroids are the mainstay of treatment. However, the adverse effects of steroids on hormonal function are the major obstacle for their use as long-term topical therapy. Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, not only complement existing treatment options but also overcome some of the drawbacks of topical steroid therapy and fulfill the long-term needs of patients in preventing disease progression. Short- and long-term efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus has been widely recognized and it is also accepted as a first-line treatment for the inflammation of AD. In order to reduce the possible long-term adverse effects, it is important to monitor the clinical dose in daily clinics. [source] Effects of early seizures on later behavior and epileptogenicityDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 2 2004Gregory L. Holmes Abstract Both clinical and laboratory studies demonstrate that seizures early in life can result in permanent behavioral abnormalities and enhance epileptogenicity. Understanding the critical periods of vulnerability of the developing nervous system to seizure-induced changes may provide insights into parallel or divergent processes in the development of autism. In experimental rodent models, the consequences of seizures are dependent on age, etiology, seizure duration, and frequency. Recurring seizures in immature rats result in long-term adverse effects on learning and memory. These behavioral changes are paralleled by changes in brain connectivity, changes in excitatory neurotransmitter receptor distribution, and decreased neurogenesis. These changes occur in the absence of cell loss. Although impaired cognitive function and brain changes have been well-documented following early-onset seizures, the mechanisms of seizure-induced dysfunction remain unclear. MRDD Research Reviews 2004;10:101,105. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical researchDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 1 2007KELLY J. CLEMENS Abstract The substituted amphetamines 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ,Ecstasy') and methamphetamine (METH, ,ice', ,speed') are increasingly popular drugs amongst party-drug users. Studies with humans have investigated the acute and possible long-term adverse effects of these drugs, yet outcomes of such studies are often ambiguous due to a variety of confounding factors. Studies employing animal models have value in determining the acute and long-term effects of MDMA and METH on brain and behaviour. Self-administration studies show that intravenous METH is a particularly potent reinforcer in rats and other species. In contrast, MDMA appears to have powerful effects in enhancing social behaviour in laboratory animals. Brief exposure to MDMA or METH may produce long-term reductions in dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain and alterations in the density of various receptor and transporter proteins. However it is still unclear, particularly in the case of MDMA, whether this reflects a ,neurotoxic' effect of the drug. Lasting alterations in social behaviour, anxiety, depressive symptoms and memory have been demonstrated in laboratory rats given MDMA or METH and this matches long-term changes reported in some human studies. Recent laboratory studies suggest that MDMA/METH combinations may produce greater adverse neurochemical and behavioural effects than either drug alone. This is of some concern given recent evidence that party drug users may be frequently exposed to this combination of drugs. [source] Consequences of misdiagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 2 2006S. LAUBE mrcp We report two patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), who were initially diagnosed as systemic T-cell lymphoma. The patients presented with recurrent self-healing cutaneous lesions and skin biopsies showed a lymphocytic infiltrate with malignant features. Clinico-pathological correlation of findings was not performed and results of staging investigations were misinterpreted. Consequently, both patients were unnecessarily treated with multi-agent chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell/bone marrow transplants and sustained long-term adverse effects. The clinical and histological features of LyP are described and appropriate management discussed in detail. Factors leading to the unnecessary treatment of both patients are examined and several learning points highlighted such as the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. [source] Improvement of Reflux Symptoms 3 Years After Cure of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Case-Controlled Study in the Japanese PopulationHELICOBACTER, Issue 4 2002Hiroto Miwa Abstract Background. Development of reflux esophagitis is one of the adverse effects that cause concern in relation to curative treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, recent studies present a rather negative association between curative treatment and development of reflux esophagitis or reflux symptoms. Therefore, this issue has remained controversial. Accordingly, we investigated the long-term adverse effects of H. pylori eradication treatment in special reference to development of reflux symptoms. Patients and Methods. We conducted a case controlled study by mailing structured questionnaires on past (before curative treatment or 3 years previously) and current status. A case was an endoscopically confirmed peptic ulcer patient with confirmed cure of the infection after eradication treatment 3 years previously and a control was one who had not undergone the eradication treatment during the same period. We studied 241 pairs who matched for age, gender, and type of ulcer disease (GU, DU or GDU). Of these pairs, 81.3% were male and the mean age was 52.6 ± 9.6 year (range 23,76). Results. The rates of patients with improved reflux symptoms in the case and control groups were 65.4% and 30.4%, respectively, with the rate being significantly greater in the case group. On the contrary, the rates of those with worsened reflux symptoms were similar (5.1% and 7.6%). Regarding general events, the rate of patients with decreased frequency of hospital visits and of those who regularly used antiacid medications were significantly decreased in the case group. Furthermore, the case group experienced significantly fewer hospital admissions for various diseases in this 3-year period. However, a significantly greater number of case group patients than control subjects gained weight. Conclusion. Reflux symptoms as well as general well-being were significantly improved after cure of H. pylori infection. [source] Harvesting peripheral blood progenitor cells from healthy donors: retrospective comparison of filgrastim and lenograstimJOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS, Issue 3 2005Massimo Martino Abstract Mobilization of CD34+ into peripheral blood is attained by either glycosylated (lenograstim) or non-glycosylated recombinant G-CSF (filgrastim). 101 donors, 57 males, median age 42 years (range 16,63) entered this retrospective study. Group I (55 cases) received filgrastim and group II lenograstim subcutaneously for 5,6 days. The peak number of CD34+ cells/,l blood observed on day 4 and 5 was not significantly different in the two groups. No differences were shown in terms of both circulating CFU-GM at the time of harvesting and CD34+ target of collection. The most frequent side effects were bone pain (18.2% grade I; 36.4% grade II, 7.3% grade III), headache (18.2%), nausea (9.1%), fever (5.5%) and a mild splenomegaly (>2cm) (5.5%) in filgrastim group, and bone pain (37.0% grade I, 26.1% grade II, 2.2% grade III), headache (17.4%), nausea (15.2%), fever (4.4%) and a mild splenomegaly (4.3%) in lenograstim group, respectively. CD34+ collection was associated with thrombocytopenia, which was not significantly different between the two groups. No donor in either group developed long-term adverse effects. We conclude that both G-CSFs are comparable in terms of CD34+ cell collection, safety and tolerability. J. Clin. Apheresis © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A randomized trial of delayed extubation for the reduction of reintubation in extremely preterm infants,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Claude Danan MD Abstract Objective To compare immediate extubation versus delayed extubation after 36 hr in extremely low-birth weight infants receiving gentle mechanical ventilation and perinatal lung protective interventions. Our hypothesis was that a delayed extubation in this setting would decrease the rate of reintubation. Study design/Methodology A prospective, unmasked, randomized, controlled trial to compare immediate extubation and delayed extubation after 36 hr. Optimized ventilation in both groups included continuous tracheal gas insufflation (CTGI), prophylactic surfactant administration, low oxygen saturation target and moderate permissive hypercapnia. Successful extubation for at least 7 days was the primary criterion and ventilatory support requirements until 36 weeks gestational age the main secondary criteria. Patient selection Eighty-six infants under 28 weeks gestational age in a single neonatal intensive tertiary care unit. Results Delayed extubation (1.9,±,0.8 days vs. 0.5,±,0.7 days) did not improve the rate of successful extubation but had no long-term adverse effects. CTGI and the lung protective strategy we describe resulted in a very gentle ventilation. The rate of survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, defined as any respiratory support at 36 weeks gestational age) was similar in the two groups and remarkably high for the global population (78%) and for the subgroup of infants <1,000 g at birth (75%). Conclusions Adding 36 hr of optimized mechanical ventilation before first extubation does not improve the rate of successful extubation but has no adverse effects. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:117,124. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Risk posed to honeybees (Apis mellifera L, Hymenoptera) by an imidacloprid seed dressing of sunflowersPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 3 2001Richard Schmuck Abstract In a greenhouse metabolism study, sunflowers were seed-treated with radiolabelled imidacloprid in a 700,g,kg,1 WS formulation (Gaucho® WS 70) at 0.7,mg AI per seed, and the nature of the resulting residues in nectar and pollen was determined. Only the parent compound and no metabolites were detected in nectar and pollen of these seed-treated sunflower plants (limit of detection <0.001,mg,kg,1). In standard LD50 laboratory tests, imidacloprid showed high oral toxicity to honeybees (Apis mellifera), with LD50 values between 3.7 and 40.9,ng per bee, corresponding to a lethal food concentration between 0.14 and 1.57,mg,kg,1. The residue level of imidacloprid in nectar and pollen of seed-treated sunflower plants in the field was negligible. Under field-growing conditions no residues were detected (limit of detection: 0.0015,mg,kg,1) in either nectar or pollen. There were also no detectable residues in nectar and pollen of sunflowers planted as a succeeding crop in soils which previously had been cropped with imidacloprid seed-treated plants. Chronic feeding experiments with sunflower honey fortified with 0.002, 0.005, 0.010 and 0.020,mg,kg,1 imidacloprid were conducted to assess potential long-term adverse effects on honeybee colonies. Testing end-points in this 39-day feeding study were mortality, feeding activity, wax/comb production, breeding performance and colony vitality. Even at the highest test concentration, imidacloprid showed no adverse effects on the development of the exposed bee colonies. This no-adverse-effect concentration of 0.020,mg,kg,1 compares with a field residue level of less than 0.0015,mg,kg,1 (,=, limit of detection in the field residue studies) which clearly shows that a sunflower seed dressing with imidacloprid poses no risk to honeybees. This conclusion is confirmed by observations made in more than 10 field studies and several tunnel tests. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Maternal smoking during pregnancy predicts nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal) in young adults , a birth cohort studyAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 4 2009Frances V. O'Callaghan Abstract Objective: To investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy predicts offspring nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal) at 21 years. Method: Participants comprised a prospective birth cohort involving 7,223 singleton children whose mothers were enrolled between 1981 and 1983 at the first antenatal visit to the Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland. The present sub-cohort consisted of 2,571 youth who completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-computerised version (CIDI-Auto) that assesses nicotine dependence and withdrawal according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria at the 21-year follow-up. Results: 12.8% of offspring met criteria for nicotine dependence and 8.5% met criteria for withdrawal. 16.6% met criteria for either dependence or withdrawal. Smoking during pregnancy resulted in offspring being more likely to have dependence or withdrawal at 21 years than offspring of mothers who never smoked (age adjusted odds ratio 1.53 (95% CI: 1.19-1.96). Conclusions: Findings emphasise the long-term adverse effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy, including nicotine dependence in young adult offspring. Implications: Public health approaches should strengthen arguments for mothers to cease smoking during pregnancy in view of the long-term health implications for offspring, and reinforce measures to help smokers among pregnant women and women of childbearing age to stop. [source] Adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy in neuromuscular diseased patients are common and receive insufficient prophylaxisACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2009D. McDougall Background ,, Corticosteroid therapy is known to have long-term adverse effects and complications, but our knowledge of the adverse effects of corticosteroids within a neuromuscular patient population is limited. Aims of the study ,, We sought to determine the prevalence and impact of corticosteroid use in a population of patients with neuromuscular diseases, as well as possible clinical associations for presence of adverse effects. Methods ,, A retrospective chart review from a comprehensive database from a tertiary care neuromuscular clinic spanning 1988,2007 was performed. Results ,, Corticosteroids led to adverse effects in 74% of exposed patients, without proper prophylaxis considered in about 50% of cases. There were no associations determined to have impact upon adverse effect occurrence, including the exposure to cumulative corticosteroid dosing or diagnosis. Conclusion ,, Corticosteroid therapy is frequently associated with adverse effects, although prediction of their occurrence is not clear. Prophylaxis of their occurrence is underperformed in our tertiary care clinic patient population. [source] | ||||||||||