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Longer Delays (longer + delay)
Selected AbstractsNo evidence found that childhood onset of psoriasis influences disease severity, future body mass index or type of treatments usedJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 11 2010MEA De Jager Abstract Background, In more than one-third of the psoriatic population, the first manifestations occur in childhood. Whether the age of onset of psoriasis influences the march of psoriasis is not known. Objectives, To describe the epidemiology and clinical features as well as prescribed treatments and familial distribution in psoriasis depending on the age of onset of the disease. Methods, A structured questionnaire was sent to 5300 adult psoriatic patients. Respondents were divided into two groups: patients who experienced an onset of disease before the age of 18 [childhood onset psoriasis (COP)] and patients with an onset of disease from the age of 18 [adult onset psoriasis (AOP)]. Results, Questionnaires of 1926 (36.3%) patients were suitable for analysis. In 37.1% of patients, first signs of the disease occurred before the age of 18. COP occurs predominantly in females, has a longer delay in diagnosis and a higher frequency of familial distribution. The development of guttate and erythrodermic psoriasis in adulthood is more frequently seen in COP. In contrast to common belief, type of psoriasis in COP often remains the same from childhood to adulthood. There was no evidence found that getting psoriasis before the age of 18 years influences development of high body mass index in adulthood, disease severity in later life or type of treatments used. Conclusions, The age of onset of psoriasis essentially does not influence the subsequent course of the disease in adulthood. [source] Dynamic postural stability during sit-to-walk transitions in Parkinson disease patientsMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 9 2008Thomas A. Buckley EdD Abstract In an effort to further our understanding of postural control in Parkinson's disease, we biomechanically evaluated the sit to walk task and its component tasks, sit to stand (STS) and gait initiation (GI) in 12 healthy older adults and 12 persons with Parkinson's disease (PWP). Performance was evaluated utilizing motion capture and two force plates. The major finding of this study was the inability of the PWP to appropriately merge the sequential component tasks (STS and GI) during STW. The PWP rose to nearly full height and had a longer delay between seat-off and gait initiation (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively) during STW. Additionally, the PWP moved with slower velocities leading to shorter, slower steps and decreased separation of the center of mass and center of pressure. These observed motor sequencing disturbances may be due to a disease related disability or limitations in proprioception, movement speed, muscular strength, and reduced general mobility. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society [source] Nodular melanomas: Analysis of the casistic and relationship with thick melanomas and diagnostic delayTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2008Roberto BETTI ABSTRACT The present study aimed to: (i) define thick melanomas related to nodular melanomas and other melanoma subgroups; and (ii) establish diagnostic delay in relation to the biological behavior of these melanomas and prevention programs. Cutaneous primary melanomas were studied. Nodular melanoma (NM), lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) and superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) were selected. A further category named vertical growth melanoma (VGM) was also utilized. Analysis for sex, age, different values of thickness (1,2 mm, >2 mm; 1,3 mm, >3 mm; >4 mm), delay to diagnosis and patterns of detection were performed in all of the different subtypes. Eighty-seven patients with melanomas more than 1 mm of Breslow's thickness out of 506 melanoma were collected. Twenty-six were nodular cases, 39 SSM, five LMM and 17 VGM. Of those patients with NM, 42% had a thickness of more than 1,2 mm, 34% of 2,4 mm, 23% of more than 4 mm; and 54% with 1,3, 46% with more than 3 mm; and 58% with more than 2 mm. Even considering different values of thickness of more than 1 mm, a delay to diagnosis was significantly lower in NM (4.79 months) than in other subgroups. The value of more than 1 mm of Breslow's thickness may be sufficient to consider a melanoma to be thick. The lower diagnostic delay of NM suggests that they represent faster growing lesions probably with a different biological behavior than other melanoma subtypes. VGM should not be confused with NM, having a longer delay and different clinical features compared with the latter. They represent an area of diagnostic carelessness than potentially be improved. [source] Comparison of three single doses of mifepristone as emergency contraception: a randomised controlled trialAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2005Jie JIN Abstract Background:, This is an analysis of the Australian component of a large World Health Organization multicentre dose-finding study of mifepristone for emergency contraception and the first clinical study of this controversial drug in Australia. Aims:, To compare the effectiveness and side-effects of three single doses of mifepristone taken within 120 h after unprotected coitus as emergency contraception. Design:, Double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Subjects and methods:, One hundred fifty healthy women with regular menstrual cycles who requested emergency contraception. Participants were allocated randomly to one of the three doses (10, 50 and 600 mg). The primary outcome was confirmed pregnancy, and secondary outcome measures included side-effects and delay in the onset of the next menses. Results:, Pregnancy rates for mifepristone 10, 50 and 600 mg were 2.0, 2.1 and 2.1%, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. No major side-effects occurred, except an unpredictable delay in the onset of the next menses. Mifepristone 600 mg caused a significantly longer delay in the onset of the next menses than either the 10 or the 50 mg dose. Conclusion:, Lowering the dose of mifepristone from 600 to 10 mg did not significantly impair its effectiveness as an emergency contraceptive, and caused less delay in the onset of the next menses. Therefore, a dose as low as 10 mg may be preferable to 600 mg for emergency contraception. This is very much lower than the dose required to terminate a pregnancy. [source] A delay in radical nephroureterectomy can lead to upstagingBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2010Matthias Waldert Study Type , Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the delay from diagnosis of upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU), and the pathological features and outcomes, as the decision to proceed to RNU for an individual patient is complex. PATIENTS AND METHODS The records of 187 patients who had RNU were reviewed; the interval from diagnosis to RNU was analysed as both a continuous (months) and categorical variable (<3 vs ,3 months). Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the association between time from diagnosis to RNU with pathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. RESULTS The median time from diagnosis to RNU was 45 days (interquartile range 68). A delay from diagnosis to RNU analysed as a continuous variable was associated with advanced stage, higher grade, previous endoscopic procedure, tumour necrosis, infiltrative tumour architecture, and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.034), but not disease recurrence or cancer-specific mortality. In the subgroup of patients (90, 48.1%) who had muscle-invasive disease (,pT2) a longer delay from diagnosis to RNU as a continuous variable was associated with advanced stage (P = 0.030), higher grade (P = 0.014), infiltrative tumour architecture (P = 0.044), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.034), disease recurrence (P = 0.02), and cancer-specific mortality (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a delay in the interval from diagnosis to RNU is associated with more advanced disease stage. These findings might have important implications for trial design in the ongoing evaluation of neoadjuvant regimens. Timely consideration of definitive treatment for patients with high-risk UTUC is of high importance. Further studies are necessary to validate these hypothesis-generating findings. [source] Infants' long-term memory for a serial list: Recognition and reactivationDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Michelle Gulya Abstract Serial lists contain information about item identity and item order. Using a task designed for nonverbal animals, we previously found that 3- and 6-month-olds exhibited a primacy effect after 24 hr, remembering both item identity and item order. Presently, we examined their memory of list information after longer delays. In Experiment 1, the serial-position curve reverted to a U-shape after 1 week at both ages, revealing that the common practice of attributing primacy and recency effects to long- and short-term memory, respectively, is flawed. In Experiment 2, a precuing procedure confirmed that 6-month-olds' memory still contained order information after 1 week, but 3-month-olds' reactivated memory contained none. Experiments 3A and 3B confirmed that increasing the complexity of information that was learned shortened the delay after which it could be retrieved. Testing infants after delays longer than have previously been used with animals or human adults sheds new light on an old phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 174,185, 2001 [source] Dynamic power management in new architecture of wireless sensor networksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 6 2009Chuan Lin Abstract Dynamic power management (DPM) technology has been widely used in sensor networks. Though many specific technical challenges remain and deserve much further study, the primary factor currently limiting progress in sensor networks is not these challenges but is instead the lack of an overall sensor network architecture. In this paper, we first develop a new architecture of sensor networks. Then we modify the sleep state policy developed by Sinha and Chandrakasan in (IEEE Design Test Comput. 2001; 18(2):62,74) and deduce that a new threshold satisfies the sleep-state transition policy. Under this new architecture, nodes in deeper sleep states consume lower energy while asleep, but require longer delays and higher latency costs to awaken. Implementing DPM with considering the battery status and probability of event generation will reduce the energy consumption and prolong the whole lifetime of the sensor networks. We also propose a new energy-efficient DPM, which is a modified sleep state policy and combined with optimal geographical density control (OGDC) (Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks 2005; 1(1,2):89,123) to keep a minimal number of sensor nodes in the active mode in wireless sensor networks. Implementing dynamic power management with considering the battery status, probability of event generation and OGDC will reduce the energy consumption and prolong the whole lifetime of the sensor networks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Investigation of the effect of delayed reflux on PVC grain properties produced by suspension polymerizationJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 5 2010N. Etesami Abstract The effects of the condenser operation on properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles produced by suspension polymerization process were investigated in a pilot scale reactor. It was observed that delaying reflux operation increased the cold plasticizer absorption of the final resin. Both bulk density and K-value of the PVC powder decreased by increasing time delay in the reflux operation. It was also found that commencement of refluxing before 20% conversion resulted in bimodal particle size distribution (PSD), while monomodal PSD was obtained for longer delays in refluxing. SEM micrographs showed that surface of produced particles were rough and smooth when reflux started before and after 20% conversion, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source] Should the Pre-Notification of Mergers Be Compulsory in Australia?THE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 4 2004Chander Shekhar Australia is unusual among the world's antitrust jurisdictions in not making the pre-notification of mergers compulsory. However, if the parties are concerned that the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is likely to object to the merger, there are strong incentives for them to notify the ACCC as the regulator has developed a strong reputation for imposing heavy costs on parties that fail to notify such mergers. The result is a system of quasi-compulsory notification that creates the strongest incentives for parties to notify the ACCC of those proposals to which it is most likely to object. This study analyses data extracted from the ACCC's merger database and the empirical results are consistent with this characterisation. Mergers reported voluntarily by the parties are found to experience longer delays to completion, and are more likely to be challenged by the ACCC, when compared with a sample of all other mergers assessed by the regulator. The results suggest that non-compulsory notification allows the parties themselves to pre-sort the proposed merger vis-à-vis its interest to the ACCC. [source] Estimating the effects of misleading information on witness accuracy: can experts tell jurors something they don't already know?APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2007Bradley D. McAuliff This study investigated potential differences between expert and lay knowledge of factors influencing witness suggestibility. Expert psychologists (N,=,58), jurors (N,=,157), and jury-eligible undergraduates (N,=,220) estimated the effects of misleading information on witness accuracy for three age groups in various conditions. Respondents possessed similar knowledge of age-related trends in suggestibility, the positive effects of a pre-misinformation warning, and the negative influence of longer delays between the event/misinformation and event/final memory test. Compared to experts, laypeople underestimated the size of suggestibility differences between age groups and lacked knowledge about how event detail centrality, witness participation, and source prestige can increase witness suggestibility. Laypeople rated themselves as being largely unfamiliar with witness suggestibility research and thought that expert testimony would be beneficial. These data shed light on the potential helpfulness of expert testimony in cases involving witness suggestibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Administrative discretion and the Access to Information Act: An "internal law" on open government?CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE DU CANADA, Issue 2 2002Alasdair Roberts However, critics complain that some politically sensitive requests - often filed by journalists or political parties - are given differential treatment, with longer delays and tougher decisions on disclosure. An econometric analysis of 2,120 requests handled by Human Resources Development Canada in 1999,2001 suggests that the complaints have some merit. Requests that were identified as sensitive, or that came from the media or political parties, were found to have longer processing time, even after other considerations were accounted for. The probability that such requests would exceed statutory response times was also significantly higher. The analysis illustrates a broader point: that internal bureaucratic procedures play an important role in defining what the right to information means in practice. The analysis also highlights the need to give the federal information commissioner better tools to deal with problems of delay. Sommaire: La Loi sur l'accès à l'information du Canada assure le droit à l'information gouvernementale pour tous les Canadiens. Cependant, les critiques se plaignent du fait que certaines demandes épineuses sur le plan politique - requêtes souvent déposées par des journalistes ou des partis politiques - font l'objet d'un traitement différentiel, avec des délais plus longs et des décisions plus strictes au moment de la divulgation. Une analyse économétrique de 2 120 requêtes traitées par Développement des Ressources humaines Canada de 1999 à 2001 laisse entendre que les plaintes sont en partie justifiées. On a constaté que les requêtes dites «sensibles», ou qui viennent des média ou des partis politiques, prenaient plus de temps à traiter, même compte tenu d'autres considérations. En outre, ces requêtes risquaient souvent de dé passer le temps de réponse légal. L'analyse illustre un point plus général, à savoir que les procédures bureaucratiques internes jouent un rôle important en définissant ce que le droit à l'information signifie dam la pratique. L'analyse souligne également qu'il est néessaire de dormer au Commissaire fédéral à l'information de meilleurs outils pour faire face aux problèmes de délai. [source] Emergency Department Management of Acute Pain Episodes in Sickle Cell DiseaseACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 5 2007Paula Tanabe PhD ObjectivesTo characterize the initial management of patients with sickle cell disease and an acute pain episode, to compare these practices with the American Pain Society Guideline for the Management of Acute and Chronic Pain in Sickle-Cell Disease in the emergency department, and to identify factors associated with a delay in receiving an initial analgesic. MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective design. Consecutive patients with an emergency department visit in 2004 for an acute pain episode related to sickle cell disease were included. Exclusion criteria included age younger than 18 years. A structured medical record review was used to abstract data, including the following outcome variables: analgesic agent and dose, route, and time to administration of initial analgesic. Additional variables included demographics, triage level, intravenous access, and study site. Mann,Whitney U test or Kruskal,Wallis test and multivariate regression were used to identify differences in time to receiving an initial analgesic between groups. ResultsThere were 612 patient visits, with 159 unique patients. Median time to administration of an initial analgesic was 90 minutes (25th to 75th interquartile range, 54,159 minutes). During 87% of visits, patients received the recommended agent (morphine or hydromorphone); 92% received the recommended dose, and 55% received the drug by the recommended route (intravenously or subcutaneously). Longer times to administration occurred in female patients (mean difference, 21 minutes; 95% confidence interval = 7 to 36 minutes; p = 0.003) and patients assigned triage level 3, 4, or 5 versus 1 or 2 (mean difference, 45 minutes; 95% confidence interval = 29 to 61 minutes; p = 0.00). Patients from study sites 1 and 2 also experienced longer delays. ConclusionsPatients with an acute painful episode related to sickle cell disease experienced significant delays to administration of an initial analgesic. [source] | |||||||||||||