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Long Fibres (long + fibre)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences55%

Selected Abstracts

Effect of Dispersion on Particle Segregation Due to Sparged Air in a Hydrocyclone

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3-4 2003
Shijie Liu
Abstract Fractionation of kraft wood pulp fibres was carried out in a hydrocyclone. Long fibres tend to migrate to the low shear region and report to the overflow stream. Excellent fractionation was found at high pulp slurry feed rates with a split ratio between 0.07 and 0.3. However, when air bubbles are sparged, all the fibres are more uniformly distributed inside the hydrocyclone. When increasingly more bubbles are present, on the other hand, long fibres drain down slower because of rapidly rising air bubbles. Thus, more long fibres report to the overflow stream at extremely high air injection rates. On a effectué le fractionnement de fibres de pâte de papier kraft dans un hydrocyclone. Les fibres longues tendent à migrer vers la région de cisaillement fauble et à rejoindre le courant de surverse. Un excellent fractionnement a été trouvé à des vitesses d'alimentation des suspensions de pâte élevées avec un taux de division compris entre 0,07 et 0,3. Toutefois, lorsque les bulles d'air sont dispersées, toutes les fibres sont distribuées de manière plus uniforme dans l'hydrocyclone. Par ailleurs, à mesure que le nombre de bulles augmente, les fibres longues descendent plus bas à cause des bulles d'air qui montent rapidement. Ainsi, davantage de fibres longues se retrouvent dans le courant de sousverse à des vitesses d'injection de l'air extrêmement élevées. [source]

Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(propylene) Fibre-Matrix Composites

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS & ENGINEERING, Issue 8 2003
Shadi Houshyar
Abstract Preparation and properties of poly(propylene)-poly(propylene) composites have been investigated. Poly(propylene) fibres of varying diameter have been incorporated in a random ethylene co -poly(propylene). The composites prepared from the same semi-crystalline polymer in the matrix and reinforcement have lead to inherently strong interfacial bonding between the two phases of the same polymer. The composites demonstrated enhanced stiffness, which increased with fibre diameter. The structure, thermal, static and mechanical properties of poly(propylene) long fibre reinforced random co -poly(propylene) composites have been studied with reference to the fibre diameter. The matrix and fibre components retained their separate melting temperatures. After melting, the two phases remained separate and showed their individual crystallization temperatures on cooling, and melting temperatures on a second heating. The melting temperature of the poly(propylene) fibres increased after formation of the composites. The compression molding of the composites at a temperature below the melting temperature of the fibres caused annealing of the fibre crystals. By incorporation of long poly(propylene) fibre into random co -poly(propylene), the glass transition, storage and static modulus have been found to be increasing and composite with the largest fibre diameter shows better properties. Transcrystallization of the matrix poly(propylene) was observed. Optical microscopy of composites with fibre diameter 68 ,m. [source]

Postponed sowing does not alter the fibre/wood ratio or fibre extractability of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa)

ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
W. Westerhuis
Abstract Because hemp is a short-day plant, postponing the sowing date might be a suitable strategy to obtain shorter and smaller plants around flowering, when primary fibres are ,ripe' enough to be harvested. Smaller plants can be processed on existing flax scutching and hackling lines and might have fibre characteristics that are desirable for producing high-quality ,long fibres' for yarn spinning. It was investigated whether sowing beyond the normal sowing period in the Netherlands affects the ratio in which fibres and wood are produced, and what proportion of these fibres are long fibres, suitable for long fibre spinning. About 400 stem samples were fractioned into retting losses, wood, tow, and long fibre, and the ratios between fractions were analysed using multiple linear regression analyses. A normal sowing date at the end of April was compared with a postponed sowing date at the end of May. The total fibre/wood ratio was not affected. More than 95% of the variance in total fibre was accounted for by the wood weight per stem (55.5%), the variety (+33.3%) and the stem part (+6.5%). The amount of long fibre per stem mainly depended on the amount of the total fibre per stem (95.4% variance was accounted for) and the stem part (+2.0%). For economic reasons, it could be interesting to grow two successive high-quality hemp crops in one growing season. Therefore, in an additional experiment with one variety, the effect of sowing fibre hemp up to 12 weeks later than normal on the quantity and quality of the fibres was studied. Postponing the sowing date up to 12 weeks had no important effects on retting losses, the total fibre/wood ratio, and the long fibre/total fibre ratio. It is therefore technically possible to grow two successive hemp crops. Whether this fits well in farming systems and a hemp production chain remains to be studied. [source]

Sowing density and harvest time affect fibre content in hemp (Cannabis sativa) through their effects on stem weight

ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
W. Westerhuis
Abstract Sowing density and harvest time are considered important crop management factors influencing fibre quantity and quality in hemp (Cannabis sativa). We investigated whether the effects of these factors are essentially different or that both factors affect stem weight and thereby total and long-fibre content. The effects of all combinations of three sowing densities and three harvest times were studied for six different stem parts. Almost 500 samples consisting of stem parts from 50 plants and with a length of 50 cm were tested. Fibres were extracted by a controlled warm-water retting procedure, followed by breaking and scutching. The initial sample weight was fractionated into retting losses, wood, tow and long fibre. In both Italy and the Netherlands, crops were successfully established with different stem densities (99,283 m,2), plant heights (146,211 cm) and stem diameters (4.5,8.4 mm) at harvest. Stem dry matter yields (6.8,11.7 Mg ha,1) increased with a delay in harvest time but were not affected by sowing density. Retting loss percentages were lower in lower stem parts and decreased with later harvest because maturation was associated with increasing amounts of fibre and wood. Within a certain stem part, however, the absolute retting losses were constant with harvest time. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the amount of fibre in a hemp stem is almost completely determined by the weight and the position of that stem part. When the plant grows, the increase in dry matter is split up into fibres and wood in a fixed way. This total fibre/wood ratio was highest in the middle part of the stem and lower towards both bottom and top. Sowing density and harvest time effects were indirect through stem weight. The long-fibre weight per stem increased with the total fibre weight and hence with stem weight. Stem weight increased with harvest time; as harvest time did not affect plant density, the highest long-fibre yields were obtained at the last harvest time. The long fibre/total fibre ratio was lowest in the bottom 5 cm of the stems but similar for all other parts. Sowing density and harvest time effects again were indirect. Fibre percentages in retted hemp decreased with increasing stem weights towards a level that is presumably a variety characteristic. The dry matter increase between harvests, however, is much more important with respect to total and long-fibre yield. [source]

Delineation of pilin domains required for bacterial association into microcolonies and intestinal colonization by Vibrio cholerae

MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
Thomas J. Kirn
The toxin-co-regulated pilus (TCP), a type 4 pilus that is expressed by epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, is required for colonization of the human intestine. The TCP structure is assembled as a polymer of repeating subunits of TcpA pilin that form long fibres, which laterally associate into bundles. Previous passive immunization studies have suggested that the C-terminal region of TcpA is exposed on the surface of the pilus fibre and has a critical role in mediating the colonization functions of TCP. In the present study, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to delineate two domains within the C-terminal region that contribute to TCP structure and function. Alterations in the first domain, termed the structural domain, result in altered pilus stability or morphology. Alterations in the second domain, termed the interaction domain, affect colonization and/or infection by CTX-bacteriophage without affecting pilus morphology. In vitro and in vivo analyses of the tcpA mutants revealed that a major function of TCP is to mediate bacterial interaction through direct pilus,pilus contact required for microcolony formation and productive intestinal colonization. The importance of this function is supported by the finding that intragenic suppressor mutations that restore colonization ability to colonization-deficient mutants simultaneously restore pilus-mediated bacterial interactions. The alterations resulting from the suppressor mutations also provide insight into the molecular interactions between pilin subunits within and between pilus fibres. [source]

Effect of Dispersion on Particle Segregation Due to Sparged Air in a Hydrocyclone

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3-4 2003
Shijie Liu
Abstract Fractionation of kraft wood pulp fibres was carried out in a hydrocyclone. Long fibres tend to migrate to the low shear region and report to the overflow stream. Excellent fractionation was found at high pulp slurry feed rates with a split ratio between 0.07 and 0.3. However, when air bubbles are sparged, all the fibres are more uniformly distributed inside the hydrocyclone. When increasingly more bubbles are present, on the other hand, long fibres drain down slower because of rapidly rising air bubbles. Thus, more long fibres report to the overflow stream at extremely high air injection rates. On a effectué le fractionnement de fibres de pâte de papier kraft dans un hydrocyclone. Les fibres longues tendent à migrer vers la région de cisaillement fauble et à rejoindre le courant de surverse. Un excellent fractionnement a été trouvé à des vitesses d'alimentation des suspensions de pâte élevées avec un taux de division compris entre 0,07 et 0,3. Toutefois, lorsque les bulles d'air sont dispersées, toutes les fibres sont distribuées de manière plus uniforme dans l'hydrocyclone. Par ailleurs, à mesure que le nombre de bulles augmente, les fibres longues descendent plus bas à cause des bulles d'air qui montent rapidement. Ainsi, davantage de fibres longues se retrouvent dans le courant de sousverse à des vitesses d'injection de l'air extrêmement élevées. [source]

Postponed sowing does not alter the fibre/wood ratio or fibre extractability of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa)

ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
W. Westerhuis
Abstract Because hemp is a short-day plant, postponing the sowing date might be a suitable strategy to obtain shorter and smaller plants around flowering, when primary fibres are ,ripe' enough to be harvested. Smaller plants can be processed on existing flax scutching and hackling lines and might have fibre characteristics that are desirable for producing high-quality ,long fibres' for yarn spinning. It was investigated whether sowing beyond the normal sowing period in the Netherlands affects the ratio in which fibres and wood are produced, and what proportion of these fibres are long fibres, suitable for long fibre spinning. About 400 stem samples were fractioned into retting losses, wood, tow, and long fibre, and the ratios between fractions were analysed using multiple linear regression analyses. A normal sowing date at the end of April was compared with a postponed sowing date at the end of May. The total fibre/wood ratio was not affected. More than 95% of the variance in total fibre was accounted for by the wood weight per stem (55.5%), the variety (+33.3%) and the stem part (+6.5%). The amount of long fibre per stem mainly depended on the amount of the total fibre per stem (95.4% variance was accounted for) and the stem part (+2.0%). For economic reasons, it could be interesting to grow two successive high-quality hemp crops in one growing season. Therefore, in an additional experiment with one variety, the effect of sowing fibre hemp up to 12 weeks later than normal on the quantity and quality of the fibres was studied. Postponing the sowing date up to 12 weeks had no important effects on retting losses, the total fibre/wood ratio, and the long fibre/total fibre ratio. It is therefore technically possible to grow two successive hemp crops. Whether this fits well in farming systems and a hemp production chain remains to be studied. [source]

Technische Textilien zur Bewehrung von Betonbauteilen

BETON- UND STAHLBETONBAU, Issue 6 2004
Peter Offermann Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil.
Abstract Die Eigenschaften von textilbewehrtem Beton werden maßgeblich durch die Menge, die Eigenschaften und die Anordnung der eingesetzten Fasermaterialien bestimmt. An den Faserstoff und seine Aufmachung bestehen daher vielfältige Anforderungen. Nicht zuletzt muß das Fasermaterial preiswert und seine textiltechnologische Verarbeitbarkeit gegeben sein. Die Auswahl der textilen Bewehrung hängt auch davon ab, ob das Bewehrungsmaterial dem alkalischen Milieu des Betons ohne wesentliche Eigenschaftsverluste widerstehen kann. Daneben gehören eine geringe Relaxation bei Dauerbelastung sowie ein günstiges und vor allem gleichbleibendes Verbundverhalten gegenüber der Betonmatrix zu den Anforderungen. Der Beitrag stellt die heute verfügbaren Materialien einschließlich Herstellungsprozeß und Eigenschaften vor. Textile Reinforcement for Concrete For the best transmission of tensile and bending forces in the composite material, the textile reinforcement material has to be inserted as long fibres laid in straight orientation and depending on the load. Through the development of textile manufacturing technologies filament yarns can be manufactured into open grid structures which increase the potential of alternative reinforcements. It is currently possible to manufacture load-adapted textile structures. It is essential that the high-performance mechanical properties of the alkali-resistant glass fibres or carbon fibres used are maintained throughout the manufacturing process until the finished component is complete. Therefore the quality of the yarn orientation and the yarn distribution has to be obtained secured throughout the manufacturing process until the finished textile fabric is complete. [source]

Postponed sowing does not alter the fibre/wood ratio or fibre extractability of fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa)

ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
W. Westerhuis
Abstract Because hemp is a short-day plant, postponing the sowing date might be a suitable strategy to obtain shorter and smaller plants around flowering, when primary fibres are ,ripe' enough to be harvested. Smaller plants can be processed on existing flax scutching and hackling lines and might have fibre characteristics that are desirable for producing high-quality ,long fibres' for yarn spinning. It was investigated whether sowing beyond the normal sowing period in the Netherlands affects the ratio in which fibres and wood are produced, and what proportion of these fibres are long fibres, suitable for long fibre spinning. About 400 stem samples were fractioned into retting losses, wood, tow, and long fibre, and the ratios between fractions were analysed using multiple linear regression analyses. A normal sowing date at the end of April was compared with a postponed sowing date at the end of May. The total fibre/wood ratio was not affected. More than 95% of the variance in total fibre was accounted for by the wood weight per stem (55.5%), the variety (+33.3%) and the stem part (+6.5%). The amount of long fibre per stem mainly depended on the amount of the total fibre per stem (95.4% variance was accounted for) and the stem part (+2.0%). For economic reasons, it could be interesting to grow two successive high-quality hemp crops in one growing season. Therefore, in an additional experiment with one variety, the effect of sowing fibre hemp up to 12 weeks later than normal on the quantity and quality of the fibres was studied. Postponing the sowing date up to 12 weeks had no important effects on retting losses, the total fibre/wood ratio, and the long fibre/total fibre ratio. It is therefore technically possible to grow two successive hemp crops. Whether this fits well in farming systems and a hemp production chain remains to be studied. [source]