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Long Chain Fatty Acids (long + chain_fatty_acid)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	50%
Life Sciences	33%

Selected Abstracts

Effect of Long Chain Fatty Acids on Organocatalytic Aqueous Direct Aldol Reactions

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 17 2009
Nobuyuki Mase
Abstract In an organocatalyzed, aqueous direct aldol reaction, the addition of a long chain fatty acid (1,mol%) such as stearic acid or erucic acid improved the aldol product yield and the enantioselectivity with low catalyst loading (1,mol%). The small particle size of the emulsion (less than 1,,m) was a key to the enhanced reactivity as shown by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Long Chain Fatty Acids on Organocatalytic Aqueous Direct Aldol Reactions.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 13 2010
Nobuyuki Mase
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

Effect of Long Chain Fatty Acids on Organocatalytic Aqueous Direct Aldol Reactions

Adhesion and development of the root rot fungus (Heterobasidion annosum) on conifer tissues: effects of spore and host surface constituents

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2000
Frederick O Asiegbu
Abstract The objective of this study was to correlate the occurrence of particular root and woody stump surface components with the ability of spores of the root rot fungus (Heterobasidion annosum) to adhere, germinate and establish on conifer tissues. With the aid of high performance liquid chromatography, several sugars (pinitol, xylitol, dulcitol, mannitol, D -glucose, mannose, fructose) were detected on both stump and fine root surfaces of Scots pine and Norway spruce. Of all the sugars observed, xylose and arabinose were poorly utilized for initiation of germ tube growth whereas spore germination was enhanced in the presence of D -glucose, mannose or fructose. Oxidation of these sugars by pretreatment of wood discs or roots with periodic acid abolished the ability of the spores to germinate. Non-sugar components such as long chain fatty acids on spores and root surfaces as detected with nuclear magnetic resonance were found to have a significant influence on adhesion and initiation of germ tube development. Removal of these aliphatic compounds from the root surface increased spore germination by 2-fold, whereas similar treatment on spores led to a 5-fold decrease in adhesiveness to root material. In vitro studies revealed that the di-ethyl ether extract from the roots had no long term adverse effect on spore germination which suggests that the fungus may possess the capability to detoxify this substance. Similarly, adhesion of spores was affected by low and freezing temperatures. The role of significant levels of mannitol and trehalose accumulated in spores and hyphae of the fungi on viability, survival and tolerance to adverse conditions such as oxidative stress, freezing and desiccation are discussed. [source]

Disorders of carnitine transport and the carnitine cycle,

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, Issue 2 2006
Nicola Longo
Abstract Carnitine plays an essential role in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This transfer requires enzymes and transporters that accumulate carnitine within the cell (OCTN2 carnitine transporter), conjugate it with long chain fatty acids (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, CPT1), transfer the acylcarnitine across the inner plasma membrane (carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase, CACT), and conjugate the fatty acid back to Coenzyme A for subsequent beta oxidation (carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2, CPT2). Deficiency of the OCTN2 carnitine transporter causes primary carnitine deficiency, characterized by increased losses of carnitine in the urine and decreased carnitine accumulation in tissues. Patients can present with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and hepatic encephalopathy, or with skeletal and cardiac myopathy. This disease responds to carnitine supplementation. Defects in the liver isoform of CPT1 present with recurrent attacks of fasting hypoketotic hypoglycemia. The heart and the muscle, which express a genetically distinct form of CPT1, are usually unaffected. These patients can have elevated levels of plasma carnitine. CACT deficiency presents in most cases in the neonatal period with hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and cardiomyopathy with arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest. Plasma carnitine levels are extremely low. Deficiency of CPT2 present more frequently in adults with rhabdomyolysis triggered by prolonged exercise. More severe variants of CPT2 deficiency present in the neonatal period similarly to CACT deficiency associated or not with multiple congenital anomalies. Treatment for deficiency of CPT1, CPT2, and CACT consists in a low-fat diet supplemented with medium chain triglycerides that can be metabolized by mitochondria independently from carnitine, carnitine supplements, and avoidance of fasting and sustained exercise. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

N -Acyl amino acids and N -acyl neurotransmitter conjugates: neuromodulators and probes for new drug targets

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 8 2010
Mark Connor
The myriad functions of lipids as signalling molecules is one of the most interesting fields in contemporary pharmacology, with a host of compounds recognized as mediators of communication within and between cells. The N -acyl conjugates of amino acids and neurotransmitters (NAANs) have recently come to prominence because of their potential roles in the nervous system, vasculature and the immune system. NAAN are compounds such as glycine, GABA or dopamine conjugated with long chain fatty acids. More than 70 endogenous NAAN have been reported although their physiological role remains uncertain, with various NAAN interacting with a low affinity at G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and ion channels. Regardless of their potential physiological function, NAAN are of great interest to pharmacologists because of their potential as flexible tools to probe new sites on GPCRs, transporters and ion channels. NAANs are amphipathic molecules, with a wide variety of potential fatty acid and headgroup moieties, a combination which provides a rich source of potential ligands engaging novel binding sites and mechanisms for modulation of membrane proteins such as GPCRs, ion channels and transporters. The unique actions of subsets of NAAN on voltage-gated calcium channels and glycine transporters indicate that the wide variety of NAAN may provide a readily exploitable resource for defining new pharmacological targets. Investigation of the physiological roles and pharmacological potential of these simple lipid conjugates is in its infancy, and we believe that there is much to be learnt from their careful study. [source]