Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Log Rank Test P (log + rank_test_p)
Selected AbstractsPregnancy-associated plasma protein A in a large cohort of Type 1 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy,a prospective follow-up studyDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 12 2007A. S. Astrup Abstract Aim Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) has been implicated in the aetiology of acute coronary syndromes and carotid and peripheral artherosclerosis. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated the prognostic value of PAPP-A in a large cohort of Type 1 diabetic patients. Methods In a prospective observational follow-up study, 197 Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and a matched group of 178 patients with normoalbuminuria were followed for 10.1 (0,10.3) years. PAPP-A was determined at baseline. Results In patients with diabetic nephropathy, plasma PAPP-A was elevated 3.6 (0.4,51.1) mIU/l [median (range)] vs. 2.1 (0.4,46.6) mIU/l in normoalbuminuric patients, P < 0.0001. For acute coronary syndromes, a PAPP-A threshold of 10 mIU/l has been suggested. Thirty-seven patients were above the threshold and of these 13 patients (35%) died, compared with 60 of 338 patients (18%) below the threshold; log rank test P = 0.007. PAPP-A significantly predicted mortality after adjustment for presence of nephropathy; hazard ratio for dying when PAPP-A was above the threshold 2.1 (95% CI 1.13,3.9); P = 0.019. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, the results were attenuated. When only patients with nephropathy were analysed, PAPP-A was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality [P = 0.008; 2.43 (1.26,4.67)] in unadjusted analysis. After adjustment, the predictive value of PAPP-A for all-cause mortality was attenuated (P = 0.064). Conclusion We find PAPP-A to be associated with increased mortality in Type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy in unadjusted analysis. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the prognostic value of PAPP-A was no longer significant. [source] Increased proximal urethral sensory threshold after radical pelvic surgery in women,,NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 2 2007Thomas M. Kessler Abstract Aim To identify factors that potentially influence urethral sensitivity in women. Patients and Methods The current perception threshold was measured by double ring electrodes in the proximal and distal urethra in 120 women. Univariate analysis using Kaplan,Meier models and multivariate analysis applying Cox regressions were performed to identify factors influencing urethral sensitivity in women. Results In univariate and multivariate analysis, women who had undergone radical pelvic surgery (radical cystectomy n,=,12, radical rectal surgery n,=,4) showed a significantly (log rank test P,<,0.0001) increased proximal urethral sensory threshold compared to those without prior surgery (hazard ratio (HR) 4.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04,8.51), following vaginal hysterectomy (HR 4.95, 95% CI 2.07,11.85), abdominal hysterectomy (HR 5.96, 95% CI 2.68,13.23), or other non-pelvic surgery (HR 4.86, 95% CI 2.24,10.52). However, distal urethral sensitivity was unaffected by any form of prior surgery. Also other variables assessed, including age, concomitant diseases, urodynamic diagnoses, functional urethral length, and maximum urethral closure pressure at rest had no influence on urethral sensitivity in univariate as well as in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Increased proximal but unaffected distal urethral sensory threshold after radical pelvic surgery in women suggests that the afferent nerve fibers from the proximal urethra mainly pass through the pelvic plexus which is prone to damage during radical pelvic surgery, whereas the afferent innervation of the distal urethra is provided by the pudendal nerve. Better understanding the innervation of the proximal and distal urethra may help to improve surgical procedures, especially nerve sparing techniques. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:208,212, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Presence of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma predicts favorable outcome in survivalINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2006Anne P. Lont Abstract There is evidence that a subset of penile carcinomas is caused by infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). However, extensive studies on the possible influence of HPV infection on clinical outcome of penile cancer are lacking. This investigation is aimed to examine the prevalence of high-risk HPV in a large series of penile squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) and to determine the relationship between HPV and survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens of 171 patients with penile carcinoma were tested for high-risk HPV DNA presence by GP5+/6+-PCR. The clinical course of the patients and the histopathological characteristics of the primary tumors were reviewed. High-risk HPV DNA was detected in 29% of the tumors, with HPV 16 being the predominant type, accounting for 76% of high-risk HPV containing SCCs. Disease-specific 5-year survival in the high-risk HPV-negative group and high-risk HPV-positive group was 78% and 93%, respectively (log rank test p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, the HPV status was an independent predictor for disease-specific mortality (p = 0.01) with a hazard ratio of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.03,0.63). Our results indicate that the presence of high-risk HPV (29%) confers a survival advantage in patients with penile carcinoma. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Outcome of lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus mutant post-liver transplantation on lamivudine monoprophylaxisCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 3 2004Henry Lik-Yuen Chan Abstract:, Background:, We aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of patients who develop lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus mutants (YMDD mutants) after liver transplantation. Methods:, Patients who received liver transplantation for hepatitis B-related liver diseases from 1999 to 2002 were studied. All patients received lamivudine monotherapy before and after liver transplantation. HBsAg and HBV DNA were regularly monitored, and YMDD mutation was detected by direct sequencing. Results:, Twenty patients were followed up for median 94 wk (range: 15,177 wk) post-liver transplantation. Six patients developed YMDD mutants, and the cumulative probability of developing YMDD mutations post-liver transplantation was 21% in 1 yr and 34% in 2 yr. One patient developed YMDD mutants before liver transplantation and died of hepatitis reactivation and liver failure 15 wk post-transplantation. The other five patients developed YMDD mutants 32,72 wk after liver transplantation. Two of them developed severe hepatitis which responded promptly to adefovir dipivoxil. The remaining three patients with YMDD mutants had minimal to mild hepatitis. The cumulative survival for patients with YMDD mutants was 83% and 28% at 1 and 2 yr, respectively. Only one patient who did not develop YMDD mutants died at week 119 due to chronic rejection. The post-transplant survival for patients with YMDD mutants was significantly poorer than those without YMDD mutants (log rank test p = 0.083). Conclusions:, The emergence of YMDD mutants after liver transplantation on lamivudine monoprophylaxis had wide range of clinical presentations and was associated with increased mortality. [source] | ||||||||||