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Log H (log + h)
Selected AbstractsModeling the Lag Phase and Growth Rate of Listeria monocytogenes in Ground Ham Containing Sodium Lactate and Sodium Diacetate at Various Storage TemperaturesJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2007C.-A. Hwang ABSTRACT:, Refrigerated ready-to-eat (RTE) meats contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes were implicated in several listeriosis outbreaks. Lactate and diacetate have been shown to control L. monocytogenes in RTE meats. The objective of this study was to examine and model the effect of lactate (1.0% to 4.2%) and diacetate (0.05% to 0.2%) in ground ham on the lag phase duration (LPD, h) and growth rate (GR, log CFU/h) of L. monocytogenes at a range of temperatures (0 to 45 °C). A 6-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated into ground ham containing lactate and diacetate, and stored at various temperatures. The LPD and GR of L. monocytogenes in ham as affected by lactate, diacetate, and storage temperature were analyzed and accurately represented with mathematical equations. Resulting LPD and GR equations for storage temperatures within the range of 0 to 36 °C significantly represented the experimental data with a regression coefficient of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Significant factors (P < 0.05) that affected the LPD were temperature, lactate, diacetate, and the interactions of all three, whereas only temperature and the interactions between temperature and lactate and diacetate had a significant effect on GR. At suboptimal growth temperatures (,12 °C) the increase of lactate and diacetate concentrations, individually or in combination, extended the LPD. The effect of higher concentrations of both additives on reducing the GR was observed only at temperatures that were more suitable for growth of L. monocytogenes, that is, 15 to 35 °C. These data may be used to assist in determining concentrations of lactate and diacetate in cooked ham products to control the growth of L. monocytogenes over a wide range of temperatures during manufacturing, distribution, and storage. [source] EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON QUESO BLANCO SLICES,JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 3 2006GAYLEN A. UHLICH ABSTRACT A five-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes (104 cfu/mL) was inoculated onto individual vacuum-packaged slices (ca. 50 g each) of a commercial, Hispanic-style cheese, that being Queso Blanco. Growth was determined at appropriate intervals during storage at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C. In general, as the incubation temperature increased, a shorter lag phase duration (LPD) and a faster growth rate (GR) were observed. The LPD values at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C were 65.3, 19.9, 2.1, 8.4 and 11.4 h, respectively. The GR values were 0.011, 0.036, 0.061, 0.090 and 0.099 log cfu/h at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25C, respectively. There were no statistical differences in LPD at 10, 15, 20 and 25C. However, the LPD during growth at 5C was statistically (P , 0.05) longer than at all other temperatures. The GR values at 20 and 25C were not significantly different from each other, whereas the GR values at 5, 10 and 15C were significantly different from each other as well as from the GR at 20 and 25C (P , 0.05). The maximum population density (MPD) showed relatively little variation over the range of storage temperatures tested, with an average of 8.38 log cfu/g (SD = 0.33). The results of this study indicate that not even the lowest trial temperature of 5C prevented growth over time of the inoculated L. monocytogenes on this sliced product, and that proper storage and handling procedures are required to prevent the bacterium from contaminating the product and/or to control its growth. [source] The properties of galaxies in voidsMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 4 2006Santiago G. Patiri ABSTRACT We present a comparison of the properties of galaxies in the most underdense regions of the Universe, where the galaxy number density is less than 10 per cent of the mean density, with galaxies from more typical regions. We have compiled a sample of galaxies in 46 large nearby voids that were identified using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR4, which provides the largest coverage of the sky. We study the u,r colour distribution, morphology, specific star formation rate (SFR) and radial number density profiles for a total of 495 galaxies fainter than Mr=,20.4 + 5 log h located inside the voids and compare these properties with a control sample of field galaxies. We show that there is an excess of blue galaxies inside the voids. However, inspecting the properties of blue and red galaxies separately, we find that galaxy properties such as colour distribution, bulge-to-total ratios and concentrations are remarkably similar between the void and overall sample. The void galaxies also show the same specific SFR at fixed colour as the control galaxies. We compare our results with the predictions of cosmological simulations of galaxy formation using the Millennium Run semi-analytic galaxy catalogue. We show that the properties of the simulated galaxies in large voids are in reasonably good agreement with those found in similar environments in the real Universe. To summarize, in spite of the fact that galaxies in voids live in the least dense large-scale environment, this environment makes very little impact on the properties of galaxies. [source] A composite K -band luminosity function for cluster galaxiesASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 9-10 2009R. De Propris Abstract We present a composite K -band luminosity function for 10 clusters at low redshift, where member galaxies are identified from an existing spectroscopic survey (the 2dF galaxy redshift survey). Our kinematically selected K -band luminosity function is well fitted by a Schechter function with MK * = ,24.50 + 5 log h and , = ,0.98 over ,27 , MK ,5 log h < ,22. This is very similar to the 2dF field value and suggests that the integrated mass accretion history of galaxies does not vary strongly with environment (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | |||||||||||||