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Lobe Involvement (lobe + involvement)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Changes in Panayiotopoulos syndrome over time

EPILEPSIA, Issue 2009
Giuseppe Capovilla
Summary In its first description (1989), Panayiotopoulos syndrome was defined as an idiopathic epilepsy syndrome with an excellent prognosis, characterized by a clinical ictal triad of nocturnal seizures, tonic deviation of the eyes, and vomiting. The electroencephalographic and clinical features of this condition were highly suggestive of occipital lobe involvement. Subsequently, the concept of this benign age-related focal epilepsy has been expanded over the years, including a wider and larger spectrum of seizure manifestations far beyond the occipital manifestations, and for which the eponym of Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) has been adopted. However, many theoretical and practical points, including diagnostic, genetic, and pathophysiologic issues remain still unresolved for PS. [source]

Extra temporal involvement in herpes simplex encephalitis

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2005
M. Wasay
Temporal lobe abnormalities on brain imaging have been described as strong evidence for herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in appropriate clinical settings. Extra temporal abnormalities are less well described in these patients. We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients of HSE and found extra temporal involvement in 11 (55%) patients. Three patients (15 %) had pure extra temporal abnormalities. Twelve patients (60%) had temporal lobe involvement, four patients (20%) had pure temporal lobe involvement and five patients (25%) had normal CT/MRI scans. Our study suggests that extra temporal involvement on brain imaging is common in HSE and in a significant minority of the patients this can even be the sole abnormality. [source]

Neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: cross-sectional analysis from a prospective, longitudinal Belgian study

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 11 2005
Sebastiaan Engelborghs
Abstract Objective Given the rather limited knowledge on profiles of neuropsychiatric symptoms (behavioural and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia, BPSD) in several degenerative dementias, we designed a prospective study of which we here present the baseline data. Methods Diagnosed according to strictly applied clinical diagnostic criteria, patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n,=,205), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n,=,29), mixed dementia (MXD) (n,=,39) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n,=,23) were included. All patients underwent a neuropsychological examination and behavioural assessment by means of a battery of scales (Middelheim Frontality Score (MFS), Behave-AD, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia). Results In AD and MXD, activity disturbances and aggressiveness occurred in more than 80% of the patients. With a prevalence of 70%, apathy was very common whereas delusions and hallucinations were rare in FTD patients. Frequently used behavioural assessment scales like the Behave-AD systematically underestimated BPSD in FTD whereas the MFS displayed high sensitivity for frontal lobe symptoms. Hallucinations discriminated DLB patients from other dementias. A high prevalence of disinhibition (65%) in DLB pointed to frontal lobe involvement. Conclusions Behavioural assessment may help differentiating between different forms of dementia, further stressing the need for the development of new and more sensitive behavioural assessment scales. By means of the MFS, frontal lobe involvement was frequently observed in DLB. As 70% of FTD patients displayed apathy, prevalence was about two times higher compared to the other disease groups, meanwhile indicating that apathy is frequently observed in dementia, irrespective of its etiology. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Impairments on "open-ended" executive function tests in autism

AUTISM RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009
Sarah J. White
Abstract The executive function (EF) theory of autism has received much support recently from a growing number of studies. However, executive impairments have not always been easy to identify consistently and so novel "ecologically valid" tests have been designed which tap into real-life scenarios that are relevant to and representative of everyday behavior. One characteristic of many of these tasks is that they present the participant with an "ill-structured" or "open-ended" situation. Here, we investigated the possibility that tasks with greater degrees of open-endedness might prove more sensitive to detecting executive impairment in autism. Forty-five children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were compared to 27 age- and IQ-matched control children on a range of cognitive tests of EF. Group differences were found on half of the tasks, with the greatest degree of impairment detected on the more open-ended tasks. The ASD group also performed more poorly on a simple control condition of a task. Detailed consideration of task performance suggested that the ASD group tended to create fewer spontaneous strategies and exhibit more idiosyncratic behavior, which particularly disadvantaged them on the more open-ended tasks. These kinds of behaviors have been reported in studies of neurological patients with frontal lobe involvement, prima facie suggesting a link between the scientific fields. However, we suggest that this behavior might equally result from a poor understanding of the implicit demands made by the experimenter in open-ended test situations, due to the socio-communicative difficulties of these children. [source]