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Linear Probe (linear + probe)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

The relative position of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in different age groups of pediatric patients

ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2010
J.-Y. HONG
Background: Ilioinguinal nerve (IIN) and iliohypogastric nerve (IHN) blocks provide good perioperative pain relief for children undergoing inguinal procedures such as inguinal hernia repair, orchiopexy, and hydrocelectomy. The aim of this ultrasound imaging study is to compare the relative anatomical positions of IIN and IHN in different age groups of pediatrics. Methods: Two-hundred children (aged 1,82 months, ASA I or II) undergoing day-case surgery were consecutively included in this study. Following the induction of general anesthesia, an ultrasonographic exam was performed using a high-frequency linear probe that was placed on an imaginary line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the umbilicus. Results: There were significant differences in ASIS,IIN (distance from ASIS to IIN), ASIS,IHN (distance from the ASIS to the IHN), and IIN,IHN (distance between IIN and IHN) between the age groups: <12 months (n=84), 12,36 months (n=80), and >37 months (n=36). However, IIN,Peritoneum (distances from IIN to peritoneum), skin,IIN, and skin,IHN (depth of IIN and IHN relative to skin) were similar in three groups. ASIS,IIN and ASIS,IHN showed significantly positive correlations with age. Conclusions: Age should be considered when placing a needle in landmark techniques for pediatric II/IH nerve blocks. However, needle depth should be confirmed by the fascial click due to the lack of predictable physiologic factors. [source]

Uterine evaluation and gestation diagnosis in owl monkey (Aotus azarai infulatus) using the B mode ultrasound

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Frederico O B Monteiro
Abstract Background, Gynecological and obstetrical ultrasonography has become an indispensable tool in the routine management, health evaluation and research on captive non-human primates. Methods, Ultrasound was used to evaluate the uterus and estimate the gestation of owl monkeys. Twelve couples were selected, where five were primiparous and seven multiparous females from the National Primate Center reproductive colony, Ananindeua-PA, Brazil. The procedures were carried out using the GE® Logiq 100 MP, equipped with a 7.5 MHz linear probe. Results, The females showed a simple uterus, of elongated shape, regular outline and homogeneous echogenic texture. In the uterine measurements craniocaudal diameter, dorsoventral diameter and uterine volume (UV), significant differences were identified (P < 0.05) between ultrasound examinations of primiparous and multiparous females. The UV showed a positive correlation with the number of births. The gestational sac and the embryonic echo were visible between 28 and 38 days after mating. Between 48 and 68 days after mating, embryonic death was identified in all the gestations. Conclusions, The chemical (use of tranquilizers) and husbandry factors (capture stress) may be related to the prenatal death. The establishing methods of conditioning the female to the ultrasonographic exam may offer a solution to this problem. [source]

Correlation of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter with Direct Measurement of Intracranial Pressure

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008
Heidi Harbison Kimberly MD
Abstract Background:, Measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using bedside ultrasound (US) have been shown to correlate with clinical and radiologic signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Objectives:, Previous literature has identified 5 mm as the ONSD measurement above which patients exhibit either clinical or radiologic signs of elevated ICP. The goals of this study were to evaluate the association between ONSD and ICP and to validate the commonly used ONSD threshold of 5 mm using direct measurements of ICP as measured by ventriculostomy. Methods:, A prospective blinded observational study was performed using a convenience sample of adult patients in both the emergency department (ED) and the neurologic intensive care unit (ICU) who had invasive intracranial monitors placed as part of their clinical care. Ocular USs were performed with a 10,5 MHz linear probe. Emergency physicians (EPs) with previous ocular US experience performed ONSD measurements while blinded to the contemporaneous ICP reading obtained directly from invasive monitoring. The association between ONSD and ICP was assessed with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was created to determine the optimal ONSD cutoff to detect ICP > 20 cm H2O. Results:, Thirty-eight ocular USs were performed on 15 individual patients. Spearman rank correlation coefficient of ONSD and ICP was 0.59 (p < 0.0005) demonstrating a significant positive correlation. An ROC curve was created to assess the ability of ONSD to distinguish an abnormal ICP greater than 20 cm H2O. The area under the ROC curve was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84 to 0.99). Based on inspection of the ROC curve, ONSD > 5 mm performed well to detect ICP > 20 cm H2O with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI = 47% to 99%) and specificity of 93% (95% CI = 78% to 99%). Conclusions:, Using an ROC curve the authors systematically confirmed the commonly used threshold of ONSD > 5 mm to detect ICP > 20 cm H2O. This study directly correlates ventriculostomy measurements of ICP with US ONSD measurements and provides further support for the use of ONSD measurements as a noninvasive test for elevated ICP. [source]

Thoracic paravertebral spread using two different ultrasound-guided intercostal injection techniques in human cadavers

CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2010
Tilemachos Paraskeuopoulos
Abstract The continuity between the intercostal and paravertebral space has been established by several studies. In this study, the paravertebral spread of a colored dye was attempted with two different ultrasound-guided techniques. The posterior area of the trunk was scanned with a linear probe between the level of the fifth and the seventh thoracic vertebrae in eleven embalmed human cadavers. In the first technique, the probe was placed transversely below the inferior margin of the rib, and a needle was inserted between the internal intercostal membrane and the pleura. In the second technique, the probe was placed longitudinally at the intercostal space 5 cm lateral to the spinous processes, and the needle was inserted between the internal intercostal membrane and the pleura. In both techniques, 1 ml of methylene blue was injected, and both the intercostal and paravertebral spaces were prepared. In total, 33 injections were performed: 19 with the transverse technique and 14 with the longitudinal technique. Successful spread of the dye to the thoracic paravertebral space was recorded in 89.5% cases using the transverse technique and 92.8% cases using the longitudinal technique. No intrapleural spread of the dye was recorded in either technique. Ultrasound-guided injection into the intercostal space may offer an alternative approach to the thoracic paravertebral space. Clin. Anat. 23:840,847, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Structured Nucleic Acid Probes for Electrochemical Devices

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 19 2009
Rebeca Miranda-Castro
Abstract The use of nucleic acid with a specific sequence and a highly ordered secondary structure such as hairpins, quadruplexes and pseudoknots as biological recognition elements and switches in biosensors is rapidly increasing because of their improved features (e.g. selectivity) when compared with the traditional linear probes. Owing to the novelty, a critical outlook of their characteristics and a compilation of the latest advances are lacking. This article describes the potential of those nucleic acids probes whose molecular recognition ability relies on a conformational change (e.g. folding/unfolding mechanism) in electrochemical sensing. It provides an overview of the toolbox of assays using these probes for genosensors and aptasensors, highlighting its performance characteristics and the prospects and challenges for biosensor design. [source]