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Lifestyle
Kinds of Lifestyle Terms modified by Lifestyle Selected AbstractsIX. EFFECT OF AN OCCUPATIONAL SHIFT ON FAMILY LIFESTYLE: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACHMONOGRAPHS OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2006Aline M. Garrett First page of article [source] PREVENTING FRACTURES IN LARGE RURAL CENTRES: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC SUB-GROUPS AT RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS FROM THEIR LIFESTYLEAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 6 2000Hedley G. Peach ABSTRACT: Middle-aged people living in non-metropolitan Victoria have higher hospitalisation rates from osteoporotic fractures than those in metropolitan areas. This may reflect a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis. One-fifth of Victoria's non-metropolitan population live in ,large rural centres'. The aim of the present study was to identify the sociodemographic sub-groups in a ,large rural centre' at risk of osteoporosis because of their lifestyle. Adults on Ballarat's electoral rolls were invited to complete a questionnaire and have their height and weight measured. A total of 335 eligible people participated in the present study (67% response). The sub-groups at risk of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression analyses. Among women, being single/separated/divorced/ widowed was associated with being underweight and having low dietary calcium. A lack of exercise was associated with not completing high school and smoking with being aged 25,44 years. Among men, low dietary calcium was associated with not completing high school and smoking was associated with being employed in a non-professional/ non-managerial occupation. These sub-groups must be considered when planning preventative strategies for people in ,large rural centres'. [source] STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KAZAKH'S LIFESTYLE AND GENETIC FACTORS, AND HYPERTENSION, IN THE NORTH-WEST OF CHINACLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2007NF Li SUMMARY 1We investigated the relationship between genetic and environmental factors in hypertensive people living in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 2Body mass index, alcohol intake, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride level in the hypertensive group were significantly higher than corresponding values in the normal group. 3Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and related haplotype H6 and H9 were strongly associated with essential hypertension. The b2 -adrenergic receptor gene was associated with lipid disorders in Kazakhs in Xinjiang. 4The results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development of hypertension in Kazakhs in Xinjiang. [source] Lifestyle, participation, and health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningoceleDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 11 2009LAURIEN M BUFFART PHD This study aimed to describe participation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele and to explore their relationships with lifestyle-related factors. Fifty-one individuals with a mean age of 21 years 1 month (SD 4y 6mo) years participated (26 males, 25 females; 82% hydrocephalus, 55% wheelchair-dependent). Participation was assessed using the Life Habits Questionnaire, and HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey. Physical activity was measured using an accelerometry-based activity monitor, fitness (peak oxygen uptake) was measured during a maximal exercise test, and the sum of four skin-folds was assessed to indicate body fat. Relationships were studied using logistic regression analyses. Of the participants, 63% had difficulties in daily activities and 59% in social roles. Participants perceived lower physical HRQoL than a Dutch reference population. Participants with higher levels of physical activity and fitness had fewer difficulties in participating in daily activities (odds ratio [OR]=8.8, p=0.02 and OR=29.7, p=0.02 respectively) and a higher physical HRQoL (OR=4.8, p=0.02 and OR=30.2, p=0.006 respectively), but not mental HRQoL. Body fat was not related to participation or HRQoL. In conclusion, a large proportion of individuals with myelomeningocele had difficulties in participation and perceived low physical HRQoL. Higher levels of physical activity and fitness were related to fewer difficulties in participation and higher physical HRQoL. [source] The Impact of Life Events on Perceived Financial Stress, Clothing-Specific Lifestyle, and Retail Patronage: The Recent IMF Economic Crisis in KoreaFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000Soyeon Shim Using Andreasen's Model of Life Change Effects as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this study was to develop and test a model that depicts the direct and indirect influence of a life event, the Korean International Monetary Fund (IMF) crisis, on financial stress, clothing-specific lifestyle, and retail patronage behavior. A total of 502 females from two major metropolitan cities in Korea responded to a survey questionnaire. A structural equation modeling technique was used to test the hypotheses. Several statistical criteria supported theoretical, causal relationships among the measurement models in the study, providing strong support for Andreasen's model. More specifically, the IMF impact had affected retail patronage behavior directly as well as indirectly through clothing-specific lifestyles and financial stress. Both clothing-specific lifestyles and financial stress had an influence on retail patronage behavior. The IMF event had a stronger direct and total impact than financial stress on changes in retail patronage behavior. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [source] Validity of self-reported cardiovascular disease events in comparison to medical record adjudication and a statewide hospital morbidity database: the AusDiab studyINTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009E. L. M. Barr Abstract Epidemiological studies often rely on self-reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) information, but this may be inaccurate. We investigated the accuracy of self-reported CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass surgery and coronary artery angioplasty) during the follow up of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Self-reported CVD events, including the date of the event and hospital admission details, were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Of the 276 self-reported CVD events, 188 (68.1%) were verified by adjudication of medical records. Furthermore, linkage to the statewide Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Database (WAHMD) showed that CVD events were unlikely to be missed, with only 0.2% of those denying any CVD event being recorded as having had an event on the WAHMD. The adjudication of medical records was as accurate as record linkage to the WAHMD for validation of self-reported CVD, but combining the results from both methods of ascertainment improved CVD event identification. [source] Prevalence of Sedentary Lifestyle in Individuals With High Blood PressureINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2 2010Nirla Gomes Guedes RN OBJECTIVE., To identify the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle in individuals with high blood pressure. METHODS., This cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 individuals with high blood pressure. RESULTS., The prevalence of the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle was 60%. The more common defining characteristics were "lack of physical conditioning" and "lack of practice for physical exercises." The nursing diagnosis was associated with age and presence of diabetes. Individuals who presented with a sedentary lifestyle related to lack of motivation were significantly younger. CONCLUSIONS., This study showed a high prevalence of "sedentary lifestyle" and its associations with age and the presence of diabetes. IMPLICATIONS TO NURSING PRACTICE., The acknowledgement of "sedentary lifestyle" contributes to the choice for nursing interventions that promote physical activity centered on the subject and the surroundings. [source] The Expert Nurse Profile and Diagnostic Content Validity of Sedentary Lifestyle: The Spanish ValidationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 3 2007Josep Adolf Guirao-Goris MSN First page of article [source] Lifestyle, occupation, and whole bone morphology of the pre-Hispanic Maya coastal population from Xcambó, Yucatan, MexicoINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Isabel S. Wanner Abstract The present bioarchaeological study examines the external diaphyseal geometric properties of humeri, radii, femora and tibiae of the Classic period skeletal population of Xcambó, Yucatan, Mexico. The diaphysial proportions are evaluated using a biomechanical approach together with data from the material context and other osteological information. Our intent is to provide new answers to questions concerning lifestyle, domestic labour division and subsistence strategies of this coastal Maya settlement that was inhabited from the Late and Terminal Preclassic (300 BC,350 AD) to the Postclassic Period (900,1500 AD). Our results provide evidence for a marked sexual division of labour when compared with values from contemporaneous inland populations. The overall male and female loading patterns differ remarkably in terms of form and in bilateral comparison. A high directional asymmetry in the upper limbs is evident among males, a condition related to maritime transportation and trading activities. On the other hand, female upper limbs are characterized by very low side differences. Forces on the arms of women were probably dominated by food processing, in particular the grinding of grains or seeds. In the lower limbs, males show significantly higher anteroposterior bending strengths, which can be explained by greater engagement in transportation tasks and carrying heavy loads. In the course of the Classic period (350,900 AD), diachronic changes affect the male sample only, which suggests a shift of occupational pattern and physical demands. This shift, in turn, reflects Xcambó's changing role as the centre of a densifying settlement area and its place in the trading activities of northern Yucatan. Other topics of discussion relate to general regional trends and local prehispanic subsistence strategies. Our conclusions emphasize the value of geometric long bone analysis in the reconstruction of activity patterns and lifestyles in ancient coastal settlements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Risk Factors for Vertebral Deformities in Men: Relationship to Number of Vertebral DeformitiesJOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2000A. A. Ismail Abstract Recent epidemiological studies suggest a similar overall prevalence of vertebral deformity in men to that in women, though the influence of increasing age on the prevalence of vertebral deformity is less marked in men. However, most affected men have only a single or two vertebral deformities, which may be unrelated to osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to examine the role of risk factors, previously demonstrated to be associated with vertebral osteoporosis in females, in men with single/dual deformities compared to those with multiple deformities. Age stratified random samples of men aged 50 years and over were recruited from population registers in 30 European centers as part of the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS). Subjects had a lateral spinal radiograph and the presence of vertebral deformity was determined using the McCloskey algorithm. Lifestyle and other risk factor data were obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire. In all 6937 men with a mean age of 64.4 (SD = 8.5) years were studied of whom 738 (10.6%) subjects had one or two deformities, and 109 (1.6%) subjects had three or more deformities. There was a marked increase in the prevalence of multiple vertebral deformities with increasing age, but only a modest effect of age on the prevalence of single deformities. Associations between various risk factors for osteoporosis and vertebral deformity were analyzed separately in men with single/dual vertebral deformity from those with three or more deformities using logistic regression. After adjustment for age, there were statistically significant associations between the following risk factors and multiple deformities: previous hip fracture (odds ratio [OR] 10.5), lack of regular physical activity (OR 2.9), low body mass (OR 2.5), and previous steroid use (OR 2.3). By contrast, there were only weak associations with these same variables in males with single/dual deformities and, apart from poor self-reported general health, all of the 95% confidence intervals spanned unity. There was no difference in the reporting of very heavy levels of physical activity under the age of 50 years between men with single/dual deformities and those with multiple deformities. In conclusion, men with multiple deformities showed a similar pattern of risk factor association to those seen in women with vertebral deformity, in contrast to men with single/dual deformities. (J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:278,283) [source] Healthy Ageing: The Role of Nutrition and LifestyleJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 4 2009Richard Hoffman PhD [source] Lifestyle and health behaviours of adults with an intellectual disabilityJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2007B. E. McGuire Abstract Background There is currently no published research in Ireland on the health behaviours of adults with an intellectual disability (ID). With an increasing age profile and similar patterns of morbidity to the general population, the ID population would benefit from baseline data from which to establish risk factors. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out with 157 carers of people with an ID in the west of Ireland. Results The results of this survey were compared with results of a health survey for the general population in the same region. The present survey found that 68% of the ID sample was overweight or obese. Levels of smoking (2.6%) and regular alcohol consumption (10.3%) were relatively low in comparison with the general population. However, participation in exercise and adherence to a healthy diet were poor. The level of resident choice and decision-making did not have any relationship to health behaviours nor did residential setting. Finally, there were no gender differences in health and lifestyle profiles. Conclusion The results of this study have important implications for health promotion interventions for people with an ID. [source] The Health Consequences of Cultural Consonance: Cultural Dimensions of Lifestyle, Social Support, and Arterial Blood Pressure in an African American CommunityAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2000William W. Dressler Cultural dimensions of health and behavior have been difficult to study because of limited theoretical and methodological models linking the cultural, the individual, and the biological. We employ a cognitive theory of culture to understand culture and health in an African American community in the southern United States. First, cultural consensus analysis is used to test for shared cultural models of lifestyles and social supports within the community. Then, the theoretical and operational construct of "cultural consonance" is used to assess the degree to which individuals behave in a way consistent with cultural models. Findings indicate that cultural consonance in lifestyle and social support combine synergistically in association with blood pressure. These associations of cultural consonance and health are not altered by taking into account a variety of other variables, indicating an independent association of cultural dimensions of behavior with health status. Implications of these results for culture theory are discussed, [culture theory, culture consensus analysis, cultural consonance, African American community, arterial blood pressure] [source] UV Exposition During Typical Lifestyle Behavior in an Urban EnvironmentPHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Alois W. Schmalwieser In this study the personal exposure to solar UV radiation in an urban environment was measured. Lifestyle in an urban environment is characterized by staying indoors during most of the day. Furthermore, the ambient UV radiation is mitigated by shadowing by buildings. The aim of the study was to find out activities which may contribute to UV-induced health risk in a low exposure environment. Exposure was measured during typical outdoor activities: shopping, walking, sitting in a sidewalk café, cycling, sightseeing and at an open-air pool (solar elevation: 10°,70°). Measurements were taken with an optoelectronic device which was fixed on the chest. Besides the UV Index we used the sun burn time (SBT) for risk assessments. Generalization of our results was made by calculating ratios of personal exposure to the ambient UV radiation. UV exposure was by far the highest when our study subject stayed at the swimming pool. The SBT was around 30 min for melano-compromised skin type. For all other activities, except shopping, the SBT range up to 1 h. With respect to photodamage we found that at high solar elevation (>45°) photoprotective measures should be applied for certain activities even within a city. [source] Diet, Lifestyle, and Hypertension and Mediterranean Diet and Risk of DementiaPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Philip R. Liebson MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Active for Life After Cancer: a randomized trial examining a lifestyle physical activity program for prostate cancer patientsPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Cindy L. Carmack Taylor Abstract Background: Active for Life After Cancer is a randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of a 6-month group-based lifestyle physical activity program (Lifestyle) for prostate cancer patients to improve quality of life (QOL) including physical and emotional functioning compared to a group-based Educational Support Program and a Standard Care Program (no group). Method: A total of 134 prostate cancer patients receiving continuous androgen-ablation were randomly assigned to one of the three study conditions. Results: Results indicated no significant improvements in QOL at 6 or 12 months. Both group-based programs were positively received and yielded good attendance and retention. Lifestyle participants demonstrated significant improvements in most theoretical mediators proposed by the Transtheoretical Model and Social Cognitive Theory to affect physical activity. Despite these improvements, no significant changes were found for most physical activity measures. Conclusions: Results suggest a lifestyle program focusing on cognitive-behavioral skills training alone is insufficient for promoting routine physical activity in these patients. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Association of Lifestyle and Relationship Factors with Sexual Functioning of Women During MidlifeTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2009Rachel Hess MD ABSTRACT Introduction., As women progress through menopause, they experience changes in sexual functioning that are multifactorial, likely encompassing biological, psychological, and social domains. Aim., To examine the effects that physical activity, sleep difficulties, and social support have on partnered sexual activity and sexual functioning in women at different stages of the menopausal progression. Methods., As part of an ongoing 5-year longitudinal study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of sexual functioning data. Main Outcome Measures., Participation in partnered sexual activities, reasons for nonparticipation in such activities among sexually inactive women, and, among sexually active women, sexual functioning defined as engagement in and enjoyment of sexually intimate activities. Results., Of 677 participants aged 41,68, 68% had participated in any partnered sexual activities (i.e., were sexually active) during the past 6 months. Reasons for sexual inactivity included lack of a partner (70%), lack of interest in sex (12%) or in the current partner (5%), and physical problems (4%). Sexually active participants tended to be younger, married, more educated, have more social support in general, fewer comorbid medical illnesses, a lower body mass index, and a higher prevalence of vaginal dryness. Among the sexually active participants, their scores for engagement in activities ranging from kissing to sexual intercourse were higher if they were physically active, had more social support, and lacked sleeping difficulties. Likewise, scores for sexual enjoyment were higher if they were physically active, had more social support, and lacked vaginal dryness. Engagement and enjoyment scores were not associated with marital status or other factors. Conclusions., In midlife women, having social support and being physically active are associated with enhanced sexual engagement and enjoyment. Hess R, Conroy MB, Ness R, Bryce CL, Dillon S, Chang CCH, and Matthews KA. Association of lifestyle and relationship factors with sexual functioning of women during midlife. J Sex Med 2009;6:1358,1368. [source] EDITORIAL: Sexual Medicine Treatment: Lifestyle or Life Quality?THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2006The Import of Language [source] Current Lifestyle of Young Adults After Liver Transplantation During ChildhoodAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 7 2010J. P. Dommergues The authors studied the psychosocial adjustment of pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients reaching adulthood. The study comprised phone interviews of 116 volunteers aged 17,33 years. Results were compared to those for healthy peers and 65 patients who were eligible for inclusion but did not participate. Participants' median age at LT was 6 years and the median period since LT was 15 years. Of the 116 participants, 76% considered their quality of life as good or very good. Seventy-five patients (65%) were attending schools, 27 of whom were 2 years or more below the age-appropriate level. Of the remaining 41 patients, 26 had a job and 15 were unemployed. Poor compliance with medications was reported by 52 patients (45%). Alcohol consumption was lower than in the reference population (p < 0.001). Anxiety, loneliness and negative thoughts were expressed by 53, 84 and 47% of the participants, respectively. Thirteen patients (11%) were being cared for by psychologists or psychiatrists. The 65 nonparticipants had greater psychological problems than the participants, and a lower educational level. In conclusion, after LT in early life, most patients displayed psychological vulnerability during early adulthood. The educational level of patients was lower than that of theirs peers. [source] Cost-effectiveness of Weight Watchers and the Lighten Up to a Healthy Lifestyle programAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2010Linda Cobiac Abstract Objective: Intensive weight loss programs that incorporate dietary counselling and exercise advice are popular and are supported by evidence of immediate weight loss benefits. We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two weight loss programs, Lighten Up to a Healthy Lifestyle and Weight Watchers. Methods: Health gains from prevention of chronic disease are modelled over the lifetime of the Australian population. These results are combined with estimates of intervention costs and cost offsets (due to reduced rates of lifestyle-related diseases) to determine the dollars per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted by each intervention program, from an Australian health sector perspective. Results: Both weight loss programs produced small improvements in population health compared to current practice. The time and travel associated with attending group-counselling sessions, however, was costly for patients, and overall the cost-effectiveness ratios for Lighten Up ($130,000/DALY) and Weight Watchers ($140,000/DALY) were high. Conclusion: Based on current evidence, these intensive behavioural counselling interventions are not very cost-effective strategies for reducing obesity, and the potential benefits for population health are small. Implications: It will be critical to consider other strategies (e.g. changing the ,obesogenic' environment) or explore alternative methods of intervention delivery (e.g. Internet) to see if they offer a more cost-effective approach by effectively reaching a high number of people at a low cost. [source] Lifestyle and medication interventions for the prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus in prediabetes: a systematic review of randomised controlled trialsAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2010Agnes Yuen Abstract Objective: To assess lifestyle and pharmacological interventions aiming to delay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in prediabetes. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, BIOSIS and LILACS databases, examined reference lists and contacted authors. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on both lifestyle and medication interventions in prediabetes. These studies were at least 12 month duration and aimed to delay T2DM. Results: Four studies investigating lifestyle and medication with a total of 5,196 participants were identified. There was a high risk of bias in the studies and the interventions utilised varied considerably; thus, meta-analysis was not undertaken. The comparison between lifestyle and medication interventions was largely dependent on the intensity of the lifestyle program while we could not adequately assess their effects on cardiovascular morbidity. Adverse events with metformin and acarbose were common. Conclusion: There is substantial evidence that intensive lifestyle programs and medications delay T2DM in impaired glucose tolerance though it remains unclear which is more effective. Implications: Both interventions seem to be able to delay T2DM. However, both have issues with adherence and side effects and more RCTs are required. [source] Preventing Fractures in Large Rural Centres: Sociodemographic Sub-Groups at Risk of Osteoporosis from their LifestyleAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 6 2000Hedley G. Peach ABSTRACT Middle-aged people living in non-metropolitan Victoria have higher hospitalisation rates from osteoporotic fractures than those in metropolitan areas. This may reflect a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis. One-fifth of Victoria's non-metropolitan population live in ,large rural centres'. The aim of the present study was to identify the sociodemographic sub-groups in a ,large rural centre' at risk of osteoporosis because of their lifestyle. Adults on Ballarat's electoral rolls were invited to complete a questionnaire and have their height and weight measured. A total of 335 eligible people participated in the present study (67% response). The sub-groups at risk of osteoporosis were identified using logistic regression analyses. Among women, being single/separated/divorced/ widowed was associated with being underweight and having low dietary calcium. A lack of exercise was associated with not completing high school and smoking with being aged 25,44 years. Among men, low dietary calcium was associated with not completing high school and smoking was associated with being employed in a non-professional/ non-managerial occupation. These sub-groups must be considered when planning preventative strategies for people in ,large rural centres'. [source] Evolution of humeral microanatomy and lifestyle in amniotes, and some comments on palaeobiological inferencesBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 2 2010AURORE CANOVILLE A study on the most exhaustive taxonomic sample of amniotes (75 extant and nine extinct taxa) of any quantitative work on this topic published so far demonstrates a strong relationship between lifestyle (aquatic, amphibious or terrestrial) and humeral microanatomy. We suggest that corrections for multiple testing be used to check for statistical artefacts in the context of a phylogenetic independent contrast analysis, and we use the false discovery rate procedure for this. Linear discriminant models segregate the various lifestyles with excellent success rate of up to 98.5%. Lifestyle was thus inferred for six extinct taxa of uncertain habitat. The results obtained suggest that Captorhinus, Claudiosaurus, and Placodus were amphibious, whereas Neusticosaurus and Mesosaurus were aquatic. Lystrosaurus may have been more aquatic than previously suggested, although the results of our inference models have to be integrated with other sources of data, which suggest that it may have been amphibious, rather than aquatic (as a literal interpretation of the models would suggest). Finally, we propose an alternative method of palaeobiological inference for hypothetical ancestors. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 384,406. [source] Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infection, Lifestyle and Genetic Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Haimen, ChinaCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 12 2002Shun-Zhang Yu A case-control study was carried out to investigate the impact of factors including virus infection, aflatoxin B1, microcystins, smoking/drinking and dietary habits as well as genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), on susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Haimen, China. A total of 248 patients with HCC and 248 sex-, age- and residence-matched population-based controls were recruited into the study. Virus infection, and ALDH2 and CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms were assessed in 134 paired cases and controls. By univariate analysis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (odds ratio [OR]=9.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] =4.71,20.2), history of intravenous injection (OR=1.50; 95%CI=1.02,2.22), average income (OR=0.63; 95% CI=0.43,0.92), frequent intake of foods rich in protein, e.g., egg (OR=0.6; 95% CI=0.42,0.87), chicken (OR=0.53; 95% CI=0.35,0.79), pork (OR=0.67; 95% CI=0.46,0.98) and fresh fish (OR=0.58; 95% CI=0.39,0.87) significantly differed between cases and controls. However, peanut intake (OR=0.66; 95% CI=0.43,1.01), source of drinking water, including tap (OR=1.33; 95% CI=0.81,2.20), deep well (OR=0.94; 95% CI=0.56,1.55), shallow well (OR=0.85; 95% CI=0.55-,1.30), river (OR=0.95; 95% CI=0.65,1.38), ditch (OR=1.09; 95% CI=0.76,1.55) and pond water (OR=1.0; 95% CI=0.14,7.10) were not significantly associated with risk. Univariate analysis also indicated that the 1,1 genotype of ALDH2 (OR=1.38; 95% CI=0.86,2.23) as well as the Pst1- and Rsa1-digested c1/c1 genotype of CYP2E1 (OR=1.36; 95% CI=0.81,2.28), was slightly more frequent in the case group. On multivariate analysis, HBV infection (OR=13.9; 95% CI=5.78,33.6) and history of intravenous injection (OR=2.72; 95% CI=1.24,6.00) were still associated with significantly increased risk of HCC, while frequent intake of fresh fish (OR=0.32; 95% CI=0.12,0.86) decreased this risk. These findings suggest that whereas peanut intake, water sources as well as genetic polymorphisms in ALDH2 and CYP2E1 do not significantly correlate with the risk of HCC, HBV infection is a main risk factor, and dietary items rich in protein, especially fresh fish, might protect against the risk of HCC in Haimen, China. [source] Lifestyles, choice of housing location and daily mobility: The lifestyle approach in the context of spatial mobility and planningINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Joachim Scheiner First page of article [source] Living Japanese: Diversity in Language and Lifestyles,by COLLIGAN,TAYLOR, KARENMODERN LANGUAGE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009YUKI TAKATORI No abstract is available for this article. [source] Designing for Low-Carbon LifestylesARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Issue 1 2010Mukti Mitchell Abstract Carpenter, shipbuilder and pioneer of sustainable living Mukti Mitchell collaborates with Ken Yeang on an article espousing the widespread adoption of low-carbon lifestyles. As well as discussing the adoption of CO2 reductions at the individual and global levels, they look at the extent to which architectural design can facilitate lifestyle carbon reductions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Public health in the undergraduate medical curriculum , can we achieve integration?JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2000David H. Stone MD, FFPHM, FRCP (Glasg) Abstract Public health is widely regarded by medical students as peripheral or even irrelevant to the acquisition of clinical knowledge and skills. This paper attempts to set out some of the reasons for this, to encourage innovative approaches to integrating public health with clinical teaching and to offer a theoretical framework of integrated public health education for curriculum development and evaluation. The points of convergence between public health and clinical practice should not be regarded as self-evident. A practical demonstration of the application of public health principles to clinical problem solving may be the most effective means of overcoming resistance. Almost anywhere that clinical services are provided is suitable for this purpose. Community clinics, health centres or general practices have obvious appeal but acute hospitals have important advantages arising from students' preoccupation with clinical medicine. The main aim of integrated public health teaching is to facilitate the students' acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes that promote the effective application of public health approaches to clinical practice. The interrelationships between clinical practice and public health may be represented in the form of a grid. The vertical headings are the clinical skills that relate to the different stages of the natural history of disease , from the pre-disease state through diagnosis, treatment and follow up. The horizontal headings describe four key public health dimensions: epidemiology, behaviour/lifestyle, environment and health policy. The text in the boxes suggests appropriate topics for discussion. The grid is also potentially useful for course documentation and content evaluation. [source] Pulmonary Function and Ventilatory Limitation to Exercise in Congenital Heart DiseaseCONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 1 2009Paolo T. Pianosi MD ABSTRACT Pulmonary function in older children and adolescents following surgical repair of congenital heart disease is often abnormal for various reasons. Many of these patients report symptoms of exercise intolerance although the reason(s) for this symptom can be complicated and sometimes interrelated. Is it simply deconditioning due to inactive lifestyle, chronotropic or inotropic insufficiency? or could there indeed be ventilatory limitation to exercise? These are the questions facing the clinician with the increasing frequency of patients undergoing repair early in life and growing into adulthood. Understanding pulmonary functional outcomes and means of determining ventilatory limitation to exercise is essential to thoroughly address the problem. This article reviews pulmonary function in patients with congenital heart disease and then describes a newer technique that should be applied to determine ventilatory limitation to exercise. [source] The Role of Natriuretic Peptides in Patients With Chronic Complex (Mixed or Multiple) Heart Valve DiseaseCONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, Issue 2 2010FRACP, Naylin Bissessor MBChB N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is an important biomarker of prognosis in heart failure and single valve disease. There are limited studies of complex valve disease. Patients with complex valve disease adopt a sedentary lifestyle, so symptoms may be difficult to detect. The authors aimed to determine whether NT-proBNP correlates with the severity of the valve lesion and underlying cardiac function and whether resting NT-proBNP predicts impaired peak VO2 in patients with complex valve disease. Forty-five patients with complex moderate to severe stenosis or regurgitation of the heart valves underwent a clinical assessment, echocardiography, resting NT-proBNP assessment, and formal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In a multivariate analysis, the log NT-proBNP (,=,9.3, SE=1.9, P<.0001) and lean body weight (,=0.59, SE=0.22, P=.01) were dominant independent predictors of peak VO2. An NT-proBNP value of 84 pmol/L had 77% sensitivity and 70% specificity to predict impaired functional capacity, peak VO2 <60% (predicted), area under the curve=0.80. Resting NT-proBNP was the best predictor of peak VO2 in patients with complex valve disease, while symptoms and ejection fraction are a less reliable guide. Congest Heart Fail. 2010;16:50,54. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||