Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Lithium
Kinds of Lithium Terms modified by Lithium Selected AbstractsLithium and KB-R7943 effects on mechanics and energetics of rat heart muscleACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 1 2002P. Bonazzola ABSTRACT The role of calcium influx on energy expenditure during cardiac contraction was studied. For this purpose, the described ability of lithium and KB-R 7943 (KBR) to diminish Ca entry through Na,Ca exchanger (Ponce-Hornos & Langer, J Mol Cell Cardiol 1980, 12, 1367, Satoh et al., Circulation 2000, 101, 1441) were used. In isolated contractions (contractions elicited after at least 5 min of rest) LiCl 45 mmol L,1 decreased pressure developed and pressure,time integral from 42.3 ± 2.7 and 14.5 ± 1.2 to 32.1 ± 3.4 mN mm,2 and 8.3 ± 0.9 mN mm,2 s, respectively. A similar effect was observed in regular contractions (at 0.16 Hz stimulation). The presence of KBR (5 ,mol L,1) in the perfusate induced a slight but not significant decrease in pressure developed and pressure,time integral in steady-state contractions. As it was previously described, the heat involved in a heart muscle contraction can be decomposed into several components (H1, H2, H3 and H4), but only one (H3) was associated with force generation. While H3 decreased with lithium in both types of contractions, H3/PtI ratio remained unaltered, indicating that the economy for pressure maintenance was unaffected. To further investigate the role of Ca entry on force development, a condition in which the contraction is mainly dependent on extracellular calcium was studied. An ,extra' stimulus applied 200 ms after the regular one in a muscle stimulated at 0.16 Hz induces a contraction with this characteristic (Marengo et al., Am J Physiol 1999, 276, H309). Lithium induced a strong decrease in pressure,time integral and H3 associated with this contraction (43 and 45%, respectively) with no change in H3/PtI ratio. Lithium also reduced (53%) an energy component (H2) associated with Ca cycling. The use of KBR showed qualitatively similar results [i.e. a 33% reduction in pressure,time integral associated with the extrasystole (ES) with no changes in H3/PtI ratio and a 30% reduction in the H2 component]. Li and KBR effects appear to be additive and in the presence of 45 mmol L,1 Li and 5 ,mol L,1 KBR the extrasystole was abolished in 77%. Lithium and KBR effects particularly for the extrasystole can be explained through the inhibition of Ca entry via Na,Ca exchange giving support to the participation of the Na,Ca exchanger in the Ca influx from the extracellular space. In addition, the results also suggest the possibility of an effect of Li on an additional Ca sensitive locus (different than the Na,Ca exchanger). In this connection, in isolated contractions lithium decreased the energy release fraction related to mitochondrial processes (H4) increasing the economy of the overall cardiac contraction. [source] Increased right amygdala volume in lithium-treated patients with bipolar I disorderACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2010J. Usher Usher J, Menzel P, Schneider-Axmann T, Kemmer C, Reith W, Falkai P, Gruber O, Scherk H. Increased right amygdala volume in lithium-treated patients with bipolar I disorder. Objective:, The amygdala plays a major role in processing emotional stimuli. Fourteen studies using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have examined the amygdala volume in paediatric and adult patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared with healthy controls (HC) and reported inconsistent findings. Lithium has been found to increase grey matter volume, and first evidence points towards an effect on regional brain volume such as the amygdala. Method:, We examined the amygdala volume of euthymic patients with BD treated with lithium (n = 15), without lithium (n = 24) and HC (n = 41) using structural MRI. Results:, Patients treated with lithium exhibited in comparison to HC a larger right absolute (+17.9%, P = 0.015) and relative (+18%, P = 0.017) amygdala volume. There was no significant difference in amygdala volume between patients without lithium treatment and HC. Conclusion:, Lithium appears to have a sustained effect on a central core region of emotional processing and should therefore be considered in studies examining BD. [source] Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Study of the Lithium,Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Adult RatsEPILEPSIA, Issue 4 2002Catherine Roch Summary: ,Purpose: In temporal lobe epilepsy, it remains to be clarified whether hippocampal sclerosis is the cause or the consequence of epilepsy. We studied the temporal evolution of the lesions in the lithium,pilocarpine model of epilepsy in the rat with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the progressive morphologic changes occurring before the appearance of chronic epilepsy. Methods: MRI was performed on an MR scanner operating at 4.7 T. We followed the evolution of lesions using T2 - and T1 -weighted sequences before and after the injection of gadolinium from 2 h to 9 weeks. Results: At 2 h after status epilepticus (SE), a blood,brain barrier breakdown could be observed only in the thalamus; it had disappeared by 6 h. At 24 h after SE, edema was present in the amygdala and the piriform and entorhinal cortices together with extensive neuronal loss; it disappeared progressively over a 5-day period. During the chronic phase, a cortical signal reappeared in all animals; this signal corresponded to gliosis, which appeared on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemically stained sections as hypertrophic astrocytes with thickened processes. In the hippocampus, the correlation between histopathology and T2 -weighted signal underscored the progressive constitution of atrophy and sclerosis, starting 2 days after SE. Conclusions: These data show the reactivity of the cortex that characterizes the initial step leading to the development of epilepsy and the late gliosis that could result from the spontaneous seizures. Moreover, it appears that hippocampal sclerosis progressively worsened and could be both the cause and the consequence of epileptic activity. [source] Molecular Structures and NMR Studies of Lithium and Germanium(II) Complexes of a New Chelating Amido,Imino Ligand Obtained by Addition of nBuLi to 1,2-Bis(arylimino)acenaphthene,EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 16 2006Igor L. Fedushkin Abstract The reaction of 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (dpp-bian, 1) with 1 equiv. of nBuLi in diethyl ether or with 2 equiv. of nBuLi in hexane produces [{dpp-bian(nBu)}Li(Et2O)] (3) and [{dpp-bian(nBu)Li}nBuLi]2 (4), respectively. Complexes 3 and 4 are formed by the transfer of an nBu anion to one of the imine carbon atoms of the dpp-bian ligand. Treatment of 3 and 4 with H2O affords the C -alkylated N -protonated amino-imino compound dpp-bian(H)(nBu) (5). The reaction of 3 with GeCl2(dioxane) affords the three-coordinate germylene complex [{dpp-bian(nBu)}GeCl] (6). The molecular structures of 3,6 were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The lack of symmetry in the alkylated bian system in 3,6 causes the non-equivalence of all protons except those of the CH3 groups of the iPr substituents. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] Lithium and Potassium Amides of Sterically Demanding AminopyridinesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 16 2004Natalie M. Scott Abstract The reaction of Grignard compounds of 1-bromo-2,4,6-diisopropylbenzene (1) or 1-bromo-2,6-dimethylbenzene (2), formed in situ, with 2,6-dibromopyridine in the presence of a catalytic amount of [(dme)NiBr2] (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) and tricyclohexylphosphane (1:2 ratio) leads to the corresponding monoarylated bromopyridines. These bromopyridines undergo Pd-catalysed aryl amination (Buchwald,Hartwig amination) with 2,6-diisopropylaniline giving rise to (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)[6-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)pyridin-2-yl]amine (Ap*H) and (2,6-diisopropylphenyl)[6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)pyridin-2-yl]amine (Ap,H) (Ap = aminopyridinate). Deprotonation of Ap*H in diethyl ether using BuLi results (after workup in hexane) in a colourless crystalline material. X-ray structural analysis reveals it to be a monomeric three-coordinate lithium aminopyridinate. In toluene solution, an equilibrium between [(Ap*Li)2] (in excess at room temperature) and [Ap*Li(OEt2)] (prominent at low temperature) is observed. Reaction of Ap,H with BuLi in diethyl ether gives rise to [Ap*LiAp*Li(OEt2)]. Deprotonation of Ap*H and Ap,H using KH leads to [Ap*K]n and [Ap,K],, respectively. [Ap,K], is a rare example of a crystalline organometallic polymer, as determined by X-ray analysis. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004) [source] Structural Study of Novel Graphite,Lithium,Calcium Intercalation CompoundsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 8 2004Sébastien Pruvost Abstract Three new layered compounds were synthesised by immersing a pyrographite platelet in a molten Ca,Li alloy creating a new graphite intercalation compound family. The samples were studied by X-ray and neutron diffraction, revealing that the intercalated sheets are polylayered. The study of the 00l reflections allowed us to establish the c -axis stacking of these three phases. The ,-phase exhibits a five-layered intercalated sheet which has something in common with a Li,Ca,Li,Ca,Li slice cut in the CaLi2 structure (ThMn2 Laves phase type). The ,-phase, which is richer in metallic elements and with a greater repeat distance, possesses seven-layered intercalated sheets due to the splitting of the middle lithium plane in three. The third phase is a pseudo-binary compound, containing monolayered sheets and with a formula close to CaC6. Electron microdiffraction allowed us to determine the 2D unit cell for each compound, all of which were commensurate with that of graphite. Charge transfer from the intercalate to the host lattice was evaluated for the three phases from hk0 data, leading to high values. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004) [source] Synthesis and Characterization of the Very Bulky Phenols Ar*OH and Ar,OH (Ar* = C6H3 -2,6-Trip2, Trip = C6H2 -2,4,6- iPr3; Ar, = C6H3 -2,6-Dipp2, Dipp = C6H3 -2,6- iPr2) and Their Lithium and Sodium Derivatives (LiOAr,)2 and (NaOAr*)2EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 18 2003Corneliu Stanciu Abstract The very bulky phenols Ar*OH (1) and Ar,OH (2), where Ar* = C6H3 -2,6-Trip2 (Trip = C6H2 -2,4,6- iPr3) and Ar, = C6H3 -2,6-Dipp2 (Dipp = C6H3 -2,6- iPr2), as well as their lithium and sodium derivatives (LiOAr*)2 (3), (LiOAr,)2 (4) and (NaOAr*)2 (5) have been synthesized and characterized. The terphenols 1 and 2 were obtained by the reaction of the aryllithium reagents with nitrobenzene and were isolated in ca. 70% yield. The lithium or sodium salts 3,5 were isolated by the reaction of 1 or 2 with nBuLi or sodium metal. All compounds were characterized spectroscopically, and by X-ray crystallography in the case of 1, 2, 4 and 5. The large terphenyl substituents prevent hydrogen-bonded association of the phenols 1 and 2. Instead, the O,H hydrogens interact with the ,-electron cloud on one of the flanking Trip or Dipp rings. The dimeric structures of 4 and 5 are relatively rare examples of structurally characterized alkali metal phenoxides that are unsolvated by internal electron pair donors or classical Lewis bases such as ethers or amines. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003) [source] Where Does the Lithium Go?ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 4 2010A Study of the Precipitates in the Stir Zone of a Friction Stir Weld in a Li-containing 2xxx Series Al Alloy The main strengthening precipitates of aluminum alloy 2198-T8, which are of the T1 phase, dissolve during friction stir welding, sending many Li atoms into solid solution. The stir zone precipitates are characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and selected area diffraction techniques to begin answering questions about the microstructural evolution and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in friction stir welding of the next generation of lightweight Li-containing Al alloys. [source] Sequential Double Olefination of 2-(Arylmethylidene)-2-phosphonoacetonitrile with Dimsyl Lithium and Aldehydes: A Domino Route to Densely Substituted 1,3-ButadienesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 22 2008Raghunath Chowdhury Abstract An efficient and highly stereoselective synthesis of densely substituted 1,3-dienes has been achieved which entails a sequential double olefination of 2-(arylmethylidene)-2-phosphonoacetonitriles by a one-pot domino process involving Michael addition of dimsyllithium to 2-(arylmethylidene)-2-phosphonoacetonitrile, Horner,Wadsworth,Emmons reaction of the resulting phosphonate ylide with the added aldehyde followed by base induced methylsulfenoxy elimination. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008) [source] Rapid and Easy Access to (E)-1,3-Enynes, 1,3-Diynes and Allenes Starting from Propargylic Acetals, Exploiting the Different Reactivity of Lithium and Mixed Lithium,Potassium Organometallic ReagentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 35 2007Marco Blangetti Abstract The treatment of propargylic acetals with various lithium and mixed lithium,potassium Schlosser reagents, has allowed a one-pot synthesis of (E)-1,3-enynes, 1,3-diynes and allenes, depending on the reaction conditions and the selected base. Various reaction conditions were investigated in order to control the selectivity of the reactions and to obtain pure products. The metallation,elimination sequence in the presence of a suitable electrophile has provided a linear route to functionalized (E)-conjugated enynes, diynes and allenes.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007) [source] Lithium-mediated suppression of morphogenesis and growth in Candida albicansFEMS YEAST RESEARCH, Issue 4 2008Layla F. Martins Abstract Hyphal development in Candida albicans contributes to virulence, and inhibition of filamentation is a target for the development of antifungal agents. Lithium is known to impair Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth in galactose-containing media by inhibition of phosphoglucomutase, which is essential for galactose metabolism. Lithium-mediated phosphoglucomutase inhibition is reverted by Mg2+. In this study we have assessed the effect of lithium upon C. albicans and found that growth is inhibited preferentially in galactose-containing media. No accumulation of glucose-1-phosphate or galactose-1-phosphate was detected when yeasts were grown in the presence of galactose and 15 mM LiCl, though we observed that in vitro lithium-mediated phosphoglucomutase inhibition takes place with an IC50 of 2 mM. Furthermore, growth inhibition by lithium was not reverted by Mg2+. These results show that lithium-mediated inhibition of growth in a galactose-containing medium is not due to inhibition of galactose conversion to glucose-6-phosphate but is probably due to inhibition of a signaling pathway. Deletion of the Ser-Thr protein phosphatase SIT4 and treatment with rapamycin have been shown to inhibit filamentous differentiation. We observed that C. albicans filamentation was inhibited by lithium in solid medium containing either galactose as the sole carbon source or 10% fetal bovine serum. These results suggest that suppression of hyphal outgrowth by lithium could be related to inhibition of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. [source] Comment on "Aliovalent Substitutions in Olivine Lithium Iron Phosphate and Impact on Structure and Properties"ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 2 2010Brian L. Ellis No abstract is available for this article. [source] Reply to Comment on "Aliovalent Substitutions in Olivine Lithium Iron Phosphate and Impact on Structure and Properties"ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 2 2010Yet-Ming Chiang No abstract is available for this article. [source] Determination of Lithium Contents in Silicates by Isotope Dilution ICP-MS and its Evaluation by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionisation Mass SpectrometryGEOSTANDARDS & GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004Takuya Moriguti Lithium; ICP-MS avec dilution isotopique; TIMS; matériaux silicatés de référence; météorites A precise and simple method for the determination of lithium concentrations in small amounts of silicate sample was developed by applying isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS). Samples plus a Li spike were digested with HF-HClO4, dried and diluted with HNO3, and measured by ICP-MS. No matrix effects were observed for 7Li/6Li in rock solutions with a dilution factor (DF) of 97 at an ICP power of 1.7 kW. By this method, the determination of 0.5 ,g g -1 Li in a silicate sample of 1 mg can be made with a blank correction of < 1%. Lithium contents of ultrabasic to acidic silicate reference materials (JP-1, JB-2, JB-3, JA-1, JA-2, JA-3, JR-1 and JR-2 from the Geological Survey of Japan, and PCC-1 from the US Geological Survey) and chondrites (three different Allende and one Murchison sample) of 8 to 81 mg were determined. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was typically < 1.7%. Lithium contents of these samples were further determined by isotope dilution-thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). The relative differences between ID-ICP-MS and ID-TIMS were typically < 2%, indicating the high accuracy of ID-ICP-MS developed in this study. Nous avons développé une méthode simple et précise de détermination des concentrations en lithium dans de très petits échantillons silicatés. Elle est basée sur la méthode de dilution isotopique couplée à l'analyse par spectrométrie de masse avec couplage induit (ID-ICP-MS). Les échantillons auxquels est ajouté le spike de Li, sont mis en solution avec un mélange HF-HclO4, évaporés à sec, puis repris avec HNO3 et analysés à l'ICP-MS. Aucun effet de matrice n'est observé sur les rapports 7Li/6Li dans les solutions quand les facteurs de dilution sont 97 et qu'elles sont analysées avec une puissance du plasma de 1.7 kW. Par cette méthode, la détermination de 0.5 ,g g -1 de Li dans un échantillon silicaté de 1 mg peut être effectuée avec une correction de blanc < 1 %. Les teneurs en lithium des matériaux de référence de composition ultrabasique à acide (JP-1, JB-2, JB-3, JA-1, JA-2, JA-3, JR- 1 et JR-2 du Service Géologique du Japon, et PCC-1 du Service Géologique des USA) et de chondrites (trois échantillons différents d'Allende et un de Murchison), de poids variant entre 8 et 81 mg ont été déterminées. La déviation standard relative typique était < 1.7%. Les teneurs en lithium de ces échantillons ont été ensuite mesurées par dilution isotopique et spectrométrie de masse à thermo-ionisation (ID-TIMS). Les différences entre les résultats obtenus par ID-ICP-MS et ID-TIMS étaient < 2%, démontrant ainsi la grande justesse de la technique ID-ICP-MS développée dans cette étude. [source] Reversible Storage of Lithium in Silver-Coated Three-Dimensional Macroporous Silicon,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 2010Yan Yu Three-dimensional macroporous silicon (see image) was synthesized by a magnesiothermic reduction method as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. An improved lithium storage performance was obtained after coating silver nanoparticles on the surface of the silicon. The silver-coated 3D macroporous silicon shows promise as an anode material in lithium ion batteries. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 5 2010Article first published online: 29 JUN 2010 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 1 2010Article first published online: 29 DEC 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 4 2008Article first published online: 22 MAY 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 3 2008Article first published online: 31 MAR 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 6 2007Article first published online: 2 AUG 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 8 2006Article first published online: 29 NOV 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 7 2006Article first published online: 9 OCT 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current awareness in human psychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 3 2005Article first published online: 30 MAR 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Human PsychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 4 2003Article first published online: 19 MAY 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Human PsychopharmacologyHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 7 2002Article first published online: 24 SEP 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Asymmetric Cyanoethoxycarbonylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Heterobimetallic Aluminum Lithium Bis(binaphthoxide) and CinchonineADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 3 2007Shaohua Gou Abstract Highly efficient catalytic asymmetric cyanoethoxycarbonylation of aldehydes was achieved by 10 mol,% cinchonine with 10 mol,% heterometallic (S)-aluminum lithium bis(binaphthoxide), which gave the cyanohydrins ethyl carbonates in excellent isolated yields (up to 99,%) with moderate to high enantioselectivities (up to 95,% ee) under mild conditions (at ,20,°C). Especially, the solid aluminum lithium bis(binaphthoxide) free of tetrahydrofuran was obtained by a new procedure using (S)-bi(2-naphthol), aluminum isopropoxide and n -butyllithium in dichloromethane, which was insensitive to air and moisture and was very convenient to store and use. A catalytic cycle based on experimental phenomena was proposed to explain the nature of the asymmetric induction. [source] Chronic lithium administration to FTDP-17 tau and GSK-3, overexpressing mice prevents tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation, but pre-formed neurofibrillary tangles do not revertJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2006Tobias Engel Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been proposed as the main kinase able to aberrantly phosphorylate tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies, raising the possibility of designing novel therapeutic interventions for AD based on GSK-3 inhibition. Lithium, a widely used drug for affective disorders, inhibits GSK-3 at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Therefore, it was of great interest to test the possible protective effects of lithium in an AD animal model based on GSK-3 overexpression. We had previously generated a double transgenic model, overexpressing GSK-3, in a conditional manner, using the Tet-off system and tau protein carrying a triple FTDP-17 (frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17) mutation. This transgenic line shows tau hyperphosphorylation in hippocampal neurones accompanied by neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). We used this transgenic model to address two issues: first, whether chronic lithium treatment is able to prevent the formation of aberrant tau aggregates that result from the overexpression of FTDP-17 tau and GSK-3,; second, whether lithium is able to change back already formed NFTs in aged animals. Our data suggest that progression of the tauopathy can be prevented by administration of lithium when the first signs of neuropathology appear. Furthermore, it is still possible to partially reverse tau pathology in advanced stages of the disease, although NFT-like structures cannot be changed. The same results were obtained after shut-down of GSK-3, overexpression, supporting the possibility that GSK-3 inhibition is not sufficient to reverse NFT-like aggregates. [source] Astroglia growth retardation and increased microglia proliferation by lithium and ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor in rat cerebellar cultures: Cytotoxicity by combined lithium and polyamine inhibition,JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007Gad M. Gilad Abstract Lithium, the most prevalent treatment for manic-depressive illness, might have a neuroprotective effect after brain injury. In culture, lithium can exert neurotoxic effects associated with reduction in polyamine synthesis but neuroprotective effects as cultured neurons mature. Cumulative evidence suggests that lithium may exert some of its effects on neurons indirectly, by initially acting on glial cells. We used rat cerebellar cultures to ascertain the effects of lithium on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, the enzyme catalyzing the first step in polyamine synthesis, and to compare effects of lithium with those of the ODC inhibitor ,-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on neuron survival and glial growth. Switching cultures from high (25 mM) to low (5 mM) KCl concentrations served as the traumatic neuronal insult. The results indicate the following. 1) Whereas high depolarizing KCl concentration enhances neuron survival, it inhibits astroglial growth. 2) Lithium (LiCl; 1,5 mM) enhances neuronal survival but inhibits astroglial growth. 3) Lithium treatment leads to reduced ODC activity. 4) DFMO enhances neuron survival but inhibits astroglial growth. 5) Lithium and DFMO lead to transformation of astroglia from epithelioid (flat) to process-bearing morphology and to increased numbers of microglia. 6) Combined lithium plus DFMO treatment is cytolethal to both neurons and glia in culture. In conclusion, lithium treatment results in growth retardation and altered cell morphology of cultured astroglia and increased microglia proliferation, and these effects may be associated with inhibition of polyamine synthesis. This implies that direct effects on astrocytes and microglia may contribute to the effects of lithium on neurons. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With Quetiapine as Adjunct Therapy With Lithium or Divalproex in Bipolar I Patients With Coexisting Alcohol DependenceALCOHOLISM, Issue 10 2010Mary Stedman Background:, This study evaluated the efficacy of quetiapine versus placebo as an adjunct to lithium or divalproex in reducing alcohol consumption in patients with bipolar I disorder and coexisting alcohol dependence. Methods:, Male and female outpatients (21 to 60 years) with a history of bipolar I disorder and alcohol dependence were included in this 12-week, placebo-controlled study. Patients treated with lithium or divalproex (ongoing or assigned at screening) were randomized to receive quetiapine (dosed up to 400 mg/d over 7 days, followed by 300 to 800 mg/d flexible dosing until study end) or placebo. The primary outcome measure was the change in the proportion of heavy drinking days from baseline to Week 12 (as derived from the Timeline Followback method). Secondary outcome measures included time to the first consecutive 2 weeks of abstinence, changes from baseline to Week 12 in the proportion of nondrinking days, mean number of standardized drinks per day, and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness score. Results:, Of 362 enrolled patients (mean 38.6 years), 176 were randomized to receive quetiapine and 186 to placebo. The mean proportion of heavy drinking days at baseline was 0.66 in the quetiapine group and 0.67 in the placebo group. At Week 12, the mean change in the proportion of heavy drinking days was ,0.36 with quetiapine and ,0.36 with placebo (p = 0.93). No statistically significant differences in any of the secondary outcome measures were noted between the quetiapine and placebo groups. The incidence of adverse events was consistent with the previously known tolerability profile of quetiapine. Conclusions:, The efficacy of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder is already well established. In this study, however, quetiapine added to lithium or divalproex did not result in significantly greater improvement compared with placebo in measures of alcohol use and dependence in patients with bipolar I disorder and alcohol dependence. [source] A study on the behavior of a cylindrical type Li-Ion secondary battery under abnormal conditions. Über das Verhalten eines zylindrischen Li-Ionen Akkumulators unter abnormalen BedingungenMATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK, Issue 5 2010S. Kim zylindrische Li-Ionen Akkumulatoren; mechanisches Verhalten; abnormale Bedingungen; Separator Abstract Li-ion (lithium ion) secondary batteries are rechargeable batteries in which lithium ions move between the cathode and the anode. Lithium is not as safe as nickel cadmium (NiCd), and the Li-ion battery can under some conditions increase in temperature and ignite abnormal conditions which includes overcharging, being subjected to an impact, or being hit by a projectile. Before studying causes of Li-ion battery explosions, the term "abnormal condition" was defined. Next, to check the mechanical conditions, an impact test by a free falling object of 9.1 kg weight made of steel was carried out. After the impact test, the damage of the separator around the hollow of the jelly roll in the cell was observed. Following this, the same cell's electrochemical conditions were assessed through a heating test to determine the potential thermal runaway. Finally, to analyze the mechanical damage to the Li-ion batteries during the charging and the impact test, a finite element analysis was performed using LS-DYNA and ABAQUS software. A cylindrical type Li-ion secondary battery was selected for the impact test, heating test, and simulation. The test and simulation results provided insights into the extent to which cylindrical cells can endure abnormal conditions. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||