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Liquid Manure (liquid + manure)
Selected AbstractsImpact of different nitrogen fertilizers and an additional sulfur supply on grain yield, quality, and the potential of acrylamide formation in winter wheatJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2008Ernst Albrecht Weber Abstract The amino acid asparagine (Asn) plays a key role in acrylamide (AA) formation in strongly heated cereal foodstuffs. The influence of different nitrogen (N) fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate, CAN; urea ammonium sulfate solution, UAS, applied according to the CULTAN method; urea; urea ammonium nitrate, UAN; ammonium nitrate sulfate containing the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, Entec 26®; and a combination of liquid manure and CAN) at a nitrogen level of 180,kg N ha,1 and an additional sulfur (S) supply on grain yield, quality, Asn concentration, and the potential of AA formation of winter wheat were studied in a 2-year field experiment. Grain yields varied between 61 und 104 dt ha,1 dry matter depending on cultivar (cv), fertilization, and year. Quality demands concerning crude protein concentration and sedimentation value were reached when CAN, CAN+S, urea, or a combination of liquid manure and CAN were applied. Asparagine concentrations in flours varied from 2.6 to 13.6 mg per 100 g flour dry matter depending on cultivar, fertilization, and year. In both years, a close nonlinear correlation between crude protein concentration and the concentration of free Asn with r²2004 = 0.93 and r²2005 = 0.94 was observed. Nitrogen fertilizers leading to high crude protein concentrations caused significantly increased Asn concentrations. In both years, a correlation between the concentration of free Asn and the potential of AA formation with r²2004 = 0.72 and r²2005 = 0.84 was found. The application of S (CAN compared to CAN+S) had no beneficial effect on the Asn concentration and the potential of AA formation, most likely because S concentration in grains was sufficient even without additional S supply. [source] Treatment of cow-waste slurry by a microbial fuel cell and the properties of the treated slurry as a liquid manureANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2006Hiroshi YOKOYAMA ABSTRACT Resource recycling and the proper treatment of animal waste to reduce its environmental impact are currently important issues for the livestock industry. A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a new type of bioreactor, is expected to play roles in both waste-water purification and energy recovery. However, the generation of electricity from cow waste has not yet been examined. In this study, using an MFC, we examined the possibility of generating electricity from dairy-cow waste slurry, and analyzed the properties of the treated slurry as liquid manure for resource recycling. The MFC treatment of the slurry generated electricity in a dose-dependent manner, and the maximum power output by the MFC from a 1 g of chemical oxygen demand/L slurry was 0.34 mW/m2. After the MFC treatment, 84% of the biological oxygen demand in the slurry was removed and three essential fertilizer elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were retained at 84, 70, and 91% levels, respectively. The amount of ammonia nitrogen in the slurry, as an element of fast-release fertilizer, was increased by 1.9-fold. Although the treated slurry displayed properties that made it preferable as liquid manure, further studies to improve the electrical power output by the MFC are required for practical use. [source] CFD simulation of non-Newtonian fluid flow in anaerobic digestersBIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 3 2008Binxin Wu Abstract A general mathematical model that predicts the flow fields in a mixed-flow anaerobic digester was developed. In this model, the liquid manure was assumed to be a non-Newtonian fluid, and the flow governed by the continuity, momentum, and k-, standard turbulence equations, and non-Newtonian power law model. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Fluent, was applied to simulate the flow fields of lab-scale, scale-up, and pilot-scale anaerobic digesters. The simulation results were validated against the experimental data from literature. The flow patterns were qualitatively compared for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids flow in a lab-scale digester. Numerical simulations were performed to predict the flow fields in scale-up and pilot-scale anaerobic digesters with different water pump power inputs and different total solid concentration (TS) in the liquid manure. The optimal power inputs were determined for the pilot-scale anaerobic digester. Some measures for reducing dead and low velocity zones were proposed based upon the CFD simulation results. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 700,711. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||