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Kinds of Lip Terms modified by Lip Selected AbstractsAre carrots as good as sticks?ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2006Ex Ante efficiency of a Swedish environmental subsidy programme Abstract We evaluate the ex ante efficiency of a major Swedish investment subsidy programme, the ,local investment programme' (LIP). The LIP, effective between 1998 and 2002, had parallel purposes: to step up the pace at which Sweden transforms into an ecologically sustainable society and to reduce unemployment. During the programme period, c670 million were granted to different municipal projects. We find that the marginal LIP subsidy to the largest beneficial environmental variable, reductions of carbon dioxide, does not vary significantly over projects, implying that LIP subsidy was efficiently allocated for such reductions. The beneficial variable with largest economic significance was, however, the employment variable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Cortical inhibitory circuits in eye-movement generationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 11 2003Peter H. Schiller Abstract The role inhibitory circuits play in target selection with saccadic eye movements was examined in area V1, the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the lateral intraparietal sulcus (LIP) of the Rhesus Macaque monkey by making local infusions of the GABA agonist muscimol and antagonist bicuculline. In V1, both agents greatly interfered with target selection and visual discrimination of stimuli placed into the receptive field of the affected neurons. In the FEF, bicuculline facilitated target selection without affecting visual discrimination and generated many spontaneous saccades. Muscimol in the FEF interfered with saccadic eye-movement generation. In the LIP, bicuculline was ineffective and muscimol had only a small effect. These findings suggest that in the FEF GABAergic inhibitory circuits play a central role in eye-movement generation whereas in V1 these circuits are essential for visual analysis. Inhibitory circuits in the LIP do not appear to play a central role in target selection and in visual discrimination. [source] Adaptive critic design using non-linear network structuresINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Issue 6 2003Ognjen Kuljaca Abstract A neural net (NN)/fuzzy logic (FL) adaptive critic controller is described. This structure takes advantage of the decision-making properties of a FL system to critique and tune a NN action-generating network. The stability of the proposed structure is proven. NN and fuzzy weight tuning algorithms are given that do not require complicated initialization procedures or any off-line learning phase. Tracking and bounded NN weights and control signals are guaranteed. The adaptive fuzzy critic controller given here is a model-free controller' in the sense that it works for any system in a prescribed class without the need for extensive modeling and preliminary analysis to find a regression matrix'. There is no linearity in the parameter (LIP) requirement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] REVIEW: The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and monkeysJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 1 2005Christian Grefkes Abstract In macaque monkeys, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is concerned with the integration of multimodal information for constructing a spatial representation of the external world (in relation to the macaque's body or parts thereof), and planning and executing object-centred movements. The areas within the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), in particular, serve as interfaces between the perceptive and motor systems for controlling arm and eye movements in space. We review here the latest evidence for the existence of the IPS areas AIP (anterior intraparietal area), VIP (ventral intraparietal area), MIP (medial intraparietal area), LIP (lateral intraparietal area) and CIP (caudal intraparietal area) in macaques, and discuss putative human equivalents as assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The data suggest that anterior parts of the IPS comprising areas AIP and VIP are relatively well preserved across species. By contrast, posterior areas such as area LIP and CIP have been found more medially in humans, possibly reflecting differences in the evolution of the dorsal visual stream and the inferior parietal lobule. Despite interspecies differences in the precise functional anatomy of the IPS areas, the functional relevance of this sulcus for visuomotor tasks comprising target selections for arm and eye movements, object manipulation and visuospatial attention is similar in humans and macaques, as is also suggested by studies of neurological deficits (apraxia, neglect, Bálint's syndrome) resulting from lesions to this region. [source] Advanced oxidation protein products inhibit differentiation and activate inflammation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Qiu Gen Zhou Accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) is prevalent in metabolic syndromes, a condition with impaired preadipocytes differentiation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that AOPPs disturb preadipocyte differentiation. Exposure of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to increased levels of AOPPs inhibited accumulation of intracellular triglyceride and decreased the expression of the essential markers of matured adipocytes, such as adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (aP2), CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-,, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-,, in response to standard adipogenic induction. Inhibitory effects of AOPPs on preadipocytes differentiation was time sensitive, which occurred at the early stage of differentiation. In the presence of AOPPs, induction of preadipocytes differentiation resulted in upregulated expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and CUG-Triplet repeat-binding protein (CUGBP), two important inhibitors of preadipocytes differentiation. In addition, treatment with AOPPs increased abundance of C/EBP-,-liver enriched inhibitory protein (C/EBP-,-LIP), a truncated C/EBP-, isoform without adipogenic activity. Moreover, AOPPs-treated preadipocytes expressed a macrophage marker F4/80 and overexpressed tumor necrosis factor-, and interleukin-6 via nuclear factor-,B (NF-,B)-dependent pathway. However, blocking inflammation with NF-,B inhibitor failed to improve AOPPs-induced inhibition of preadipocytes differentiation. These data suggest that accumulation of AOPPs may inhibit differentiation of preadipocytes and activate inflammation in these cells. This information might have implication for understanding the impairment of preadipocytes differentiation and fat inflammation seen in metabolic syndrome. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 42,51, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Peptidergic modulation of male sexual behavior in Lymnaea stagnalis: structural and functional characterization of ,FVamide neuropeptidesJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2003A. B. Smit Abstract In the simultaneous hermaphrodite snail Lymnaea stagnalis, copulation as a male is controlled by neurons that send axons to the male copulatory organs via a single penis nerve. Using direct mass spectrometry of a penis nerve sample, we show that one of the molecular ions has a mass corresponding to GAPRFVamide, previously identified from the buccal ganglia, and named Lymnaea inhibitory peptide (LIP). The identity of this peptide is confirmed by partial peptide purification from the penis nerve, followed by post source decay mass spectrometry. We cloned the LIP-encoding cDNA, which predicts a prohormone that gives rise to five copies of LIP (now re-named LIP A), two other ,FVamide peptides (LIPs B and C), and five structurally unrelated peptides. The LIP gene is expressed in neurons of the right cerebral ventral lobe that send their axons into the penis nerve. We show that the LIP A peptide is present in these neurons and in the penis nerve, and confirmed the presence of LIP B and C in the penis nerve by post source decay mass spectrometry. Finally, we demonstrate that LIP A, B and C inhibit the contractions of the penis retractor muscle, thereby implicating their role in male copulation behavior. [source] Regional pulmonary pressure volume curves in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure measured by electrical impedance tomographyACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2006J. Hinz Background:, We hypothized, that in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure, regional pressure volume curves differ markedly from conventional global pressure volume curves of the whole lung. Methods:, In nine mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure during an inspiratory low-flow manoeuvre, conventional global pressure volume curves were registered by spirometry and regional pressure volume curves in up to 912 regions were assessed simultaneously using electrical impedance tomography. We compared the lower (LIP) and upper (UIP) inflection points obtained from the conventional global pressure volume curve and regional pressure volume curves. Results:, We identified from the conventional global pressure volume curves LIP [3,11 (8) cmH2O] in eight patients and UIP [31,39 (33) cmH2O] in three patients. Using electrical impedance tomography (EIT), LIP [3,18 (8) cmH2O] in 54,264 (180) regions and UIP [23,42 (36) cmH2O] in 149,324 (193) regions (range and median) were identified. Lung mechanics measured by conventional global pressure volume curves are similar to the median of regional pressure volume curves obtained by EIT within the tomographic plane. However, single regional pressure volume curves differ markedly with a broad heterogeneity of lower and upper inflection points. Conclusion:, Lower and upper inflection points obtained from conventional global pressure volume curves are not representative of all regions of the lungs. [source] Chronic lung disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Heather J. Zar Abstract The development of chronic lung disease is common in HIV-infected children. The spectrum of chronic HIV-associated lung disease includes lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), chronic infections, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), bronchiectasis, malignancies, and interstitial pneumonitis. Chronic lung disease may result from recurrent or persistent pneumonia due to bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal or mixed infections. In high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence areas, M. tuberculosis is an important cause of chronic respiratory illness. With increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for children in developing countries, a rise in the incidence of IRIS due to mycobacterial or other infections is being reported. Diagnosis of chronic lung disease is based on chronic symptoms and persistent chest X-ray changes but definitive diagnosis can be difficult as clinical and radiological findings may be non-specific. Distinguishing LIP from miliary TB remains a difficult challenge in HIV-infected children living in high TB prevalence areas. Treatment includes therapy for specific infections, pulmonary clearance techniques, corticosteroids for children with LIP who are hypoxic or who have airway compression from tuberculous nodes and HAART. Children who are taking TB therapy and HAART need adjustments in their drug regimes to minimize drug interactions and ensure efficacy. Preventative strategies include immunization, chemoprophylaxis, and micronutrient supplementation. Early use of HAART may prevent the development of chronic lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1,10. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Risk factors for the development of bronchiectasis in HIV-infected childrenPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 10 2007David M. Berman DO Abstract Our objective was to describe the risk factors for the development of bronchiectasis in HIV-1 infected children. This study was a retrospective, case controlled study based upon medical record review of HIV-1 infected children receiving primary care at a single large, urban medical center in Miami, Florida. Cases (HIV-1 infected children who developed bronchiectasis while being cared for between January 1982 and September 2000) were matched 1:3 (birth,±,24 months) with controls (HIV-1 infected children without bronchiectasis). Variables analyzed including number of episodes of pneumonia (including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonitis [PCP], lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), and CDC category of immunosuppression) were noted in both cases and controls until the age at which the cases developed bronchiectasis. Of the 749 patients whose charts were reviewed, 43 met the case definition for bronchiectasis and 19 met the eligibility criteria for this study. Fifty-seven controls were randomly selected from the patients without bronchiectasis. Cases were more likely to have experienced recurrent pneumonia than the controls; 17 (89.5%) versus 5 children (8.8%) respectively (P -value ,0.001) as well as a greater mean number of episodes of pneumonia 8.2 (range, 4,13) versus 1.45 (range, 0,9) respectively (CI,=,(5.58,7.82); P -value ,0.001). Cases were more likely to have progressed to CDC immunological category 3 than the controls; 19 (100%) versus 32 (56%) children respectively (P -value <0.001). LIP occurred more frequently in the cases than in the controls; 14/19 (73.6%) versus 19/57 (33.3%), respectively (P -value,=,0.005). HIV-1 infected children with a history of recurrent pneumonia, profound immuno-suppression (CDC immunologic category 3), and LIP appear to have a higher risk of developing bronchiectasis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:871,875. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Library portal images that positively influence their users' perception of the portalPROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2008James P. Smith This paper provides an example of how visual information , the images used on academic library Web portals (ALWPs) , transforms users' perceptions of, and preference for, the portal. As a result of the information derived from this research the manner in which visual information is presented in ALWPs may be transformed. The study reported here compared the effect that high-image-pertinent (HIP) academic library portals and low-image-pertinent (LIP) academic library portals have on the users' preference for one portal over the other. One hundred undergraduate students searched for the answers to two ten-question information retrieval exercises using matched-pairs of HIP and LIP academic library portals. The exercises were constructed of questions similar to those asked at an academic library's reference desk. Data collected and statistically analyzed included: the scores from the information retrieval exercises, the time to complete the information retrieval exercises, the mouse-clicks used to complete the information retrieval exercises and the users' stated portal preference. The HIP portals outperformed the LIP portals and the subjects preferred the HIP portals to the LIP portals in 3 out of 4 measures of performance and preference. [source] Comprehensive analysis of advanced solar cell contacts consisting of printed fine-line seed layers thickened by silver platingPROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, Issue 2 2009D. Pysch Abstract This work presents a detailed analysis of a new two-layer process to contact industrial solar cells. However, most of the results seem to be transferable to standard screen print paste contacts. The seed layer was created by a pad or screen printer and thickened by light-induced plating (LIP) of silver. These contact structures were investigated microscopically to gain a better understanding of the observed electrical parameters. A review of the present microscopic contact formation model for flat surfaces is presented. This model was extended and applied to surfaces textured with random pyramids. This analysis has revealed two new types of silver crystallites which can be described by a crystallographic model. The dependence of the silver crystallite density on the surface doping concentration was investigated. Next, the dependence of the contact resistance on the width of the seed layer was measured showing that the contact resistivity increases with a reduction of the seed layer width. These results have been further approved by an analysis of SEM images of wet-chemically etched contacts examining the density of crystallites and the fraction of removed SiNx layer. Contact resistance RC measurements before and after LIP of silver showed surprisingly a positive influence of the plating process on RC. A detailed microscopical analysis revealed four new possible current flow paths due to the LIP of a conventional contact or a seed layer. The results led to an extension of the existing model for a screen-printed contact. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An unusual presentation of idiopathic LIP in a 52-year-old immunocompetent patientTHE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Issue 4 2010Carissa Marie Cruz No abstract is available for this article. [source] SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LIP: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF THE PETER M ACCALLUM CANCER INSTITUTE EXPERIENCE 1979,88ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 5 2000D. Mccombe Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip is a common malignancy in Australia. Surgical excision and/or radiotherapy are used in treatment, and are regarded as equally effective. Methods: A retrospective review of 323 patients treated at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute with either surgical excision and/or radiotherapy, evaluated disease recurrence, cause-specific mortality, and the incidence of metachronous lesions. Results: Recurrence-free survival at 10 years was estimated to be 92.5%, and cause-specific survival at 10 years was estimated to be 98.0%. Equivalent rates of local control were obtained with surgery and radiotherapy. Recurrence was related to tumour stage and differentiation. A high incidence of metachronous lesions was noted, 25 patients had a lesion prior to presentation and 33 patients developed second lip lesions during the study period. Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is well treated with surgery or radiotherapy. The preferred treatment for most patients with SCC of the lower lip in the Australian population is surgical excision. This study has shown a significant incidence of metachronous lip neoplasia, except in those patients whose whole lip had been resurfaced. [source] Improved controllability test for dependent siphons in S3PR based on elementary siphonsASIAN JOURNAL OF CONTROL, Issue 3 2010Daniel Y. Chao Abstract When siphons in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) modeled by an ordinary Petri net (OPN) become unmarked, the net gets deadlocked. To prevent deadlocks, some control places and related arcs are added to strict minimal siphons (SMS) so that no siphon can be emptied. For large systems, it is infeasible to add a monitor to every SMS since the number of SMS or control elements grows exponentially with respect to the size of a Petri net. To tackle this problem, Li and Zhou propose to add control nodes and arcs for only elementary siphons. The rest of siphons, called dependent ones, may be controlled by adjusting control depth variables of elementary siphons associated with a dependent siphon after the failure of two tests. First, they test a Marking Linear Inequality (MLI); if it fails, then they perform a Linear Integer Programming (LIP) test which is an NP-hard problem. This implies that the MLI test is only sufficient, but not necessary. We propose a sufficient and necessary test for adjusting control depth variables in an S3PR to avoid the sufficient-only time-consuming linear integer programming (LIP) test (NP-complete problem) required previously for some cases. We theoretically prove the following: i) no need for LIP test for Type II siphons; and ii) Type I strongly n-dependent (n>2) siphons being always marked. As a result, the total time complexity to check controllability of all strongly dependent siphons is no longer exponential but reduced to linear if all siphons are of Type I. The total time complexity is O(|,E||,D|) (order of the product of total number of elementary siphons and total number of dependent siphons) if all siphons are of Type II. A well-known S3PR example has been illustrated to show the advantages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society [source] Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore-bearing Intrusions with Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region, Southwestern ChinaACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2009Zhaochong ZHANG Abstract: There are two types of temporally and spatially associated intrusions within the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP); namely, small ultramafic subvolcanic sills that host magmatic Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element (PGE)-bearing sulfide deposits and large mafic layered intrusions that host giant Ti-V magnetite deposits in the Panxi region. However, except for their coeval ages, the genetic relations between the ore-bearing intrusions and extrusive rocks are poorly understood. Phase equilibria analysis (Q-Pl-Ol-Opx-Cpx system) has been carried out to elucidate whether ore-bearing Panzhihua, Xinjie and Limahe intrusions are co-magmatic with the picrites and flood basalts (including high-Ti, low-Ti and alkali basalts), respectively. In this system, the parental magma can be classified as silica-undersaturated olivine basalt and silica-saturated tholeiite. The equivalents of the parental magma of the Xinjie and Limahe peridotites and picrites and low-Ti basalts are silica-undersaturated, whereas the Limahe gabbro-diorites and high-Ti basalts are silica-saturated. In contrast, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be alkali character. Phase equilibria relations clearly show that the magmas that formed the Panzhihua intrusion and high-Ti basalts cannot be co-magmatic as there is no way to derive one liquid from another by fractional crystallization. On the other hand, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be related to Permian alkali intrusions in the region, but does not appear to be related to the alkali basalts recognized in the Longzhoushan lava stratigraphy. Comparably, the Limahe intrusion appears to be a genetic relation to the picrites, whereas the Xinjie intrusion may be genetically related to be low-Ti basalts. Additionally, the gabbro-diorites and peridotites of the Limahe intrusion are not co-magmatic, and the former appears to be derived liquid from high-Ti basalts. [source] Cyclic resolution of racemic ibuprofen via coupled efficient lipase and acid-base catalysisCHIRALITY, Issue 3 2009Ying Liu Abstract Extracellular lipase LIP prepared in our lab from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was used for the resolution of racemic ibuprofen. The (S)-enantiomer was preferred by lipase LIP, and the unreacted (R)-enantiomer was extracted and racemized in basic solvent-water medium to be re-resolved. Solvent, content of solvent, base concentration, and temperature have a strong effect on racemization. The (S)-ester was separated and hydrolyzed to (S)-ibuprofen in acidic dimethyl sulfoxide-water mixture containing 70% dimethyl sulfoxide. The high purity (S)-ibuprofen (ee = 0.98) was obtained using lipase LIP to catalyze hydrolysis of (S)-ester in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH = 8). Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Improvement of the catalytic performance of lignin peroxidase in reversed micellesJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Jing Lan Abstract BACKGROUND: Anionic surfactant sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) had an inhibiting effect on lignin peroxidase (LiP). To improve the catalytic activity of LiP in an AOT reversed micelle in isooctane, nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij30) was incorporated into the interfacial membrane. H2O2 played dual roles in the LiP-catalyzed oxidation of substrates. To obtain a sustainable high activity of LiP, a coupled enzymatic reaction, i.e. the glucose oxidase (GOD)-catalyzed oxidation of glucose was used as an H2O2 source. RESULTS: Owing to modification of the charge density of the interfacial membrane, the activity of LiP in an optimized AOT/Brij30 reversed micellar medium (,B (the molar percentage of Brij30) = 0.53, ,0 ([H2O]/([AOT] + [Brij30]) = 23, pH = 4.8) was 40 times that in a single AOT reversed micelle. Due to the controlled release of H2O2, the concentration of H2O2 in the mixed reversed micellar medium was maintained at a moderately high level throughout, which made the LiP-catalyzed oxidation of substrates proceed at a higher conversion rate than counterparts in which H2O2 was supplied externally in one batch at the beginning of the reaction. Decolourization of two waterless-soluble aromatic dyes (pyrogallol red and bromopyrogallol red) using LiP coupled with GOD in the medium also demonstrated that a higher decolourization percentage was obtained if H2O2 was supplied enzymatically. CONCLUSION: The proposed measures (both physicochemical and biochemical) were very effective, giving significant improvement in the catalytic performance of LiP in a single AOT reversed micelle in isooctane, which helped to degrade or transform hydrophobic aromatic compounds with LiP in reversed micelles more efficiently. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Involvement of lignin peroxidase in the decolourization of black olive mill wastewaters by Geotrichum candidumLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005L. Ayed Abstract Aim:, Decolourization of black olive mill wastewaters (OMW) by depolymerization of phenolic compounds by Geotrichum candidum. Methods and Results:, Our results show that G. candidum is able to grow on black OMW supplemented with carbon source and nitrogen. The Geotrichum growth decreased the pH and induced a 49% of colour removal when the black OMW was supplemented with glycerol and diammonium tartrate (20 mm ammonium). An improvement of 10% of colour removal was observed when the culture was supplemented with veratryl alcohol. The decolourization was inhibited with glutamate as nitrogen source. Conclusion:, Our results suggest the potential use of G. candidum in black OMW decolourization and support the concept that lignin peroxidase (LiP) of G. candidum is involved in the depolymerization of phenolic compounds. Significance and Impact of the Study:, This is the first report of LiP production by G. candidum on OMW. [source] Mohs Micrographic Surgery Using Cytokeratin 7 for a Pagetoid Cutaneous Neoplasm on the Upper Cutaneous LipDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 6 2010HOLLY R. MASON MD The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. [source] Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip: Exact Location Match in SiblingsDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 12 2005Dogan Tuncali MD Background. In recent years, genetic contribution to the development of skin cancers is under the magnifying glass of several authors and is now regarded as the main initial etiology in carcinogenesis. Objective. Two siblings who had squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip showing an exact location match are presented. Patients. They did not share common environmental factors, and there was no history of tobacco and/or alcohol abuse. Conclusions. It would be scientifically deceptive to draw generous conclusions for the cases here, other than being a very interesting and unusual coincidence, because further evaluation could not be done to scientifically prove a possible genetic contribution. DOGAN TUNCALI, MD, NURTEN YAVUZ, MD, AHMET TERZIOGLU, MD, AND GÜRCAN ASLAN, MD, HAVE INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS. [source] An Effective Treatment of Dark Lip by Frequency-Doubled Q-Switched Nd:YAG LaserDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2001Somyos Kunachak MD Background. Dark lip is a common cosmetic problem in Southeast Asia. There is no known effective treatment. Objective. To propose an effective method for treating dark lips of varying causes with frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Methods. Seventy patients with dark lip, of which 22 were congenital, 24 acquired, and 24 of uncertain cause, were treated by frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at a fluence of 2,3.5 J/cm2 (mode 2.5 J/cm2) after application of topical anesthesia. The endpoint of treatment was complete clearance of the pigment. Follow-up time was 24,36 months (mean 29 months). Results. All patients attained complete clearance of the lesion after an average of 2.5 treatments in the congenital group, 2.2 treatments in the acquired group, and 1.8 treatments in the group with uncertain etiology. The mean (±SD) number of treatments required by the whole group was 2.1 ± 1.4. Recurrence was observed in one case of congenital origin 3 months after the last treatment. In the remaining cases, results persisted up to the time of follow-up. Herpes simplex reactivation was noted in one case 3 days after treatment. There was no dyschromia, scar formation, or change of skin texture. Conclusion. Dark lip can be effectively treated by frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser without major adverse effects. [source] Effect of apoE/ATP-containing liposomes on hepatic energy stateLIVER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2003S. Chaïb Abstract: Background/Aims: ATP-containing liposomes partially prevent ATP depletion in the cold-stored liver. As hepatocytes can specifically bind apoE, we investigated whether the addition of apoE to large (200 nm) ATP-containing liposomes increases their uptake by the liver and further improves hepatic energy stores. Methods: Livers from fasted male Hartley guinea-pigs (231±3 g) were perfused for 90 min under our standard conditions (Control, n=6) or after a single bolus addition of plain liposomes (Lip, n=6), ATP (5 ,mol)-containing liposomes (ATP-Lip, n=6) or apoE/ATP-containing liposomes (0.8 or 8 mg apoE/g phospholipids; apoE1-Lip and apoE10-Lip, respectively, n=6 in each group). Liposome uptake and its impact on energy and nitrogen metabolism were studied. Results: At its highest concentration, apoE significantly increased liposome uptake (apoE10-Lip:,9.17±0.69 vs apoE1-Lip:,6.18±0.44 vs ATP-Lip:,6.40±0.88 nmol min,1 g,1; P<0.05). This was associated with a significant increase in intrahepatic ATP (apoE10-Lip: 1033±137 vs apoE1-Lip: 811±98 and ATP-Lip: 648±36 nmol g,1; P<0.05), which was restored to its level in non-perfused livers. Hepatic viability and nitrogen metabolism were not affected. Conclusions: Hepatic ATP content being a key factor in the maintenance of liver graft function, apoE/ATP-containing liposomes should be useful in liver preservation for transplantation. [source] Hydrolytic enzymes as virulence factors of Candida albicansMYCOSES, Issue 6 2005Martin Schaller Summary Candida albicans is a facultative pathogenic micro-organism that has developed several virulence traits enabling invasion of host tissues and avoidance of host defence mechanisms. Virulence factors that contribute to this process are the hydrolytic enzymes. Most of them are extracellularly secreted by the fungus. The most discussed hydrolytic enzymes produced by C. albicans are secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps). The role of these Saps for C. albicans infections was carefully evaluated in numerous studies, whereas only little is known about the physiological role of the secreted phospholipases (PL) and almost nothing about the involvement of lipases (Lip) in virulence. They may play an important role in the pathogenicity of candidosis and their hydrolytic activity probably has a number of possible functions in addition to the simple role of digesting molecules for nutrition. Saps as the best-studied member of this group of hydrolytic enzymes contribute to host tissue invasion by digesting or destroying cell membranes and by degrading host surface molecules. There is also some evidence that hydrolytic enzymes are able to attack cells and molecules of the host immune system to avoid or resist antimicrobial activity. High hydrolytic activity with broad substrate specificity has been found in several Candida species, most notably in C. albicans. This activity is attributed to multigene families with at least 10 members for Saps and Lips and several members for PL B. Distinct members of these gene families are differentially regulated in various Candida infections. In future, prevention and control of Candida infections might be achieved by pharmacological or immunological tools specifically modulated to inhibit virulence factors, e.g. the family of Saps. [source] If Shrimps Had Lips, They Could Whistle ,,JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 10 2009Julia Kreis Dipl.-Psych No abstract is available for this article. [source] Hydrolytic enzymes as virulence factors of Candida albicansMYCOSES, Issue 6 2005Martin Schaller Summary Candida albicans is a facultative pathogenic micro-organism that has developed several virulence traits enabling invasion of host tissues and avoidance of host defence mechanisms. Virulence factors that contribute to this process are the hydrolytic enzymes. Most of them are extracellularly secreted by the fungus. The most discussed hydrolytic enzymes produced by C. albicans are secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps). The role of these Saps for C. albicans infections was carefully evaluated in numerous studies, whereas only little is known about the physiological role of the secreted phospholipases (PL) and almost nothing about the involvement of lipases (Lip) in virulence. They may play an important role in the pathogenicity of candidosis and their hydrolytic activity probably has a number of possible functions in addition to the simple role of digesting molecules for nutrition. Saps as the best-studied member of this group of hydrolytic enzymes contribute to host tissue invasion by digesting or destroying cell membranes and by degrading host surface molecules. There is also some evidence that hydrolytic enzymes are able to attack cells and molecules of the host immune system to avoid or resist antimicrobial activity. High hydrolytic activity with broad substrate specificity has been found in several Candida species, most notably in C. albicans. This activity is attributed to multigene families with at least 10 members for Saps and Lips and several members for PL B. Distinct members of these gene families are differentially regulated in various Candida infections. In future, prevention and control of Candida infections might be achieved by pharmacological or immunological tools specifically modulated to inhibit virulence factors, e.g. the family of Saps. [source] Bonding of fractured permanent central incisor crown following radiographic localization of the tooth fragment in the lower lip: a case reportDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Gabriela Ferrari Da Silva Schwengber The trauma also resulted in a cut on his mentum. Radiographic examination revealed the fractured tooth fragment embedded in the lower lip. The fractured tooth, with incomplete root formation, was treated endodontically and received a temporary restoration. After 15 days, the temporary restoration was removed and the fractured tooth fragment was etched with 37% phosphoric acid. A bonding system was then applied to the etched-fractured tooth surface without polymerization. The same bonding procedure was carried out on the tooth fragment. A layer of flowable resin composite was applied to the fragment, which was positioned on the remaining tooth. The resin composite was then polymerized, finished, and polished. [source] Algorithm of first-aid management of dental trauma for medics and corpsmenDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Yehuda Zadik The recommended management of tooth avulsion, subluxation and luxation, crown fracture and lip, tongue or gingival laceration included in the algorithm. Along with a list of after-hour dental clinics, this symptoms- and clinical-appearance-based algorithm is suited to tuck easily into a pocket for quick utilization by medics/corpsmen in an emergency situation. Although the algorithm was developed for the usage of military non-dental health-care providers, this method could be adjusted and employed in the civilian environment as well. [source] Tooth fragments lodged in the lower lip after traumatic dental injury: a case reportDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Maria Cristina Munerato The efficient diagnosis and treatment of dental injury are important elements in clinical dentistry. This article describes a case study of trauma in central maxillary incisors with tooth fragments lodged in the lower lip. Radiographs of the soft structures proved themselves as an important tool in the detection and identification of occult tooth fragments, and play an important role in the establishment of the treatment to be adopted. Also, case follow-up is of fundamental significance in the preservation and maintenance of compromised structures. [source] Utility of Intralesional Sclerotherapy with 3% Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate in Cutaneous Vascular MalformationsDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2010MNAMS, SUJAY KHANDPUR MBBS BACKGROUND Vascular malformations have devastating cosmetic effects in addition to being associated with pain and bleeding. Sclerotherapy has been successfully used in treating complicated hemangiomas and vascular malformations. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of sclerotherapy with 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) in venous and lymphatic malformations. MATERIALS AND METHOD We performed sclerotherapy with 3% STS in 13 patients with venous malformations and microcystic lymphatic malformation, all low-flow malformations and with extent predominantly to the subcutis, confirmed using Doppler ultrasound. Lesions were located on the face, lower lip, flanks, buttocks, and extremities. Patients presented for cosmetic reasons, pain, or bleeding. Sclerotherapy was undertaken as an office procedure without any radiological guidance and therapy repeated every 3 weeks. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed subjectively clinically and photographically. RESULTS The lesions regressed by 90% to 100% in 11 cases after a mean of four injections, with no improvement in two cases (one each of venous malformation and lymphatic malformation). Complications included cutaneous blister formation, erosions, and crusting at injection site in seven cases and atrophic scarring in four patients. CONCLUSIONS Sclerotherapy with 3% STS is a simple, safe, and effective modality for venous malformations and can be undertaken as an office procedure in lesions limited to the subcutis. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. [source] A Multicenter, 47-Month Study of Safety and Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Soft Tissue Augmentation of Nasolabial Folds and Other Areas of the FaceDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2007NEIL S. SADICK MD OBJECTIVES Each soft tissue filler product has its own unique profile in terms of adverse events. In this large-scale study, we investigated the safety profile of Radiesse, an injectable calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) implant, in treatment of nasolabial folds and other areas of the face. We also investigated the efficacy in a subset of the larger patient group. METHODS After obtaining informed consent from the subjects, researchers injected CaHA at two treatment centers into 113 patients (100 women and 13 men, ranging in age from 26 to 78 years) for a variety of facial aesthetic applications over a period of 47 months. Seventy-five patients had a single injection session; 38 had multiple sessions. Most patients (102) received 1.0 mL of CaHA per session; 12 received 2.0 mL per session. Typically, CaHA was administered with a 27-gauge 0.5- or 1 1/4-in. needle. RESULTS Safety. Of 113 patients, only 7 reported minor adverse events that were short-term and resolved within 1 month: transient ecchymosis (3), nongranulatomous submucosal nodules of the lip (2), and inflammation and edema (2). Efficacy. Efficacy ratings were performed for a subset of patients (n=41). On a scale of 1 to 5 (1=unsatisfactory; 5=excellent), the mean patient evaluation score for look and feel of the implant was 4.6; the mean physician scores for the look and feel of the implant were 4.5 and 4.6, respectively. During the 6-month follow-up visit, patients' mean ratings of the look and feel of the implant were 4.8 and 4.9, respectively. The physician's mean ratings for the look and feel of the implant were 4.5 and 4.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In our study, CaHA performed well, with a favorable safety profile, high patient satisfaction (90% of patients reported very good or excellent results), and good durability. We are especially pleased with the low incidence of adverse events coupled with the favorable responses from the patients themselves due to longevity of correction. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||