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Antigen Staining (antigen + staining)
Selected AbstractsPigmented ependymoma with signet-ring cells and Rosenthal fibers: A rare variant of ependymomaNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Yesim Ertan We report a rare case of ependymoma with vacuolar features, signet cells, pigmentation and numerous Rosenthal fibers arising in the fourth ventricle of a 35-year-old woman. The tumor was composed of cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles, signet cells and clear cells. The clear cells were compactly arranged resembling oligodendroglioma. Pseudovascular and ependymal rosettes were observed only in focal areas. Additionally, some tumor cells contained brown cytoplasmic pigment, which was histochemically compatible with lipofuscin and neuromelanin. On immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were positive for S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, and negative for synaptophysin, cytokeratin, neurofilament and HMB45. Epithelial membrane antigen staining showed dot-like and small vesicular reactivity. The case is presented to increase familiarity with these extraordinary variants of ependymoma. [source] Transient TWEAK overexpression leads to a general salivary epithelial cell proliferationORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2009T Sugito Objectives:, Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a multifunctional cytokine that has pro-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory effects. In liver, TWEAK leads to proliferation of progenitor oval cells, but not of mature hepatocytes. This study evaluated the hypothesis that TWEAK overexpression in salivary glands would lead to the proliferation of a salivary progenitor cell. Methods:, A recombinant, serotype 5 adenoviral vector encoding human TWEAK, AdhTWEAK, was constructed, initially tested in vitro, and then administered to male Balb/c mice via cannulation of Wharton's duct. TWEAK expression in vivo was monitored as protein secreted into saliva and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Salivary cell proliferation was monitored by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining and apoptosis was monitored using TUNEL staining. Results:, AdhTWEAK administration led to a dose-dependent, transient TWEAK protein expression, detected primarily in saliva. Salivary epithelial cell proliferation was generalized, peaking on ,days 2 and 3. TWEAK expression had no detectable effect on apoptosis of salivary epithelial cells. Conclusion:, Transient overexpression of TWEAK in murine salivary glands leads to a general proliferation of epithelial cells vs a selective stimulation of a salivary progenitor cell. [source] Chordoma and chondrosarcoma: Similar, but quite different, skull base tumorsCANCER, Issue 11 2007Kaith Almefty BBA Abstract BACKGROUND Chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base are frequently amalgamated because of similar anatomic location, clinical presentation, and radiologic findings. The chondroid chordoma variant has been reported to carry a better prognosis. The objective of the current study was to investigate the distinctions between these 3 entities. METHODS The data concerning 109 patients with chordoma, chondroid chordoma, and chondrosarcoma who were treated by a single surgeon with maximum surgical resection and frequently by adjunct proton beam radiotherapy between 1990 and 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Pathologic distinction was established by cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen staining. Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and cytogenetic studies were analyzed in relation to disease recurrence and death. RESULTS The average follow-up was 48 ± 37.5 months (range, 1,191 months). There were no reliable distinguishing clinical or radiologic features noted between the groups. Chondrosarcoma patients had a significantly better outcome compared with chordoma patients with regard to survival and recurrence-free survival (P = .028 and P < .001, respectively), whereas patients with chondroid chordoma had a poor outcome similar to chordoma patients with regard to survival and recurrence-free survival (P = .337 and P = .906, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Chordoma and chondrosarcoma differ with regard to their origin and histology, and differ markedly with regard to outcome. Chondroid chordomas behave in a manner that is clinically similar to chordomas, with the same prognosis. Both chordoma types demonstrate an aggressive clinical course and poor outcome after disease recurrence. The optimal treatment for all groups of patients involves radical surgical resection followed by high-dose radiotherapy in patients with chordomas. Radiotherapy may not be necessary in patients with low-grade chondrosarcoma. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source] Comparison of the Effects of Hypothermia at 33°C or 35°C after Cardiac Arrest in RatsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 4 2007Eric S. Logue BS Abstract Objectives: Hypothermia of 32°C,34°C induced after resuscitation from cardiac arrest improves neurologic recovery, but the optimal depth of cooling is unknown. Using a rat model, the authors tested the hypothesis that cooling to 35°C between hours 1 and 24 after resuscitation would improve neurologic outcome as much as cooling to 33°C. Methods: Halothane-anesthetized rats (n= 38) underwent 8 minutes of asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Cranial temperature was maintained at 37°C before, during, and after arrest. Between one and 24 hours after resuscitation, cranial temperature was maintained at 33°C, 35°C, or 37°C using computer-controlled cooling fans and heating lamps. Neurologic scores were measured daily, and rats were killed at 14 days for histologic analysis. Neurons per high-powered field were counted in the CA1 region of the anterior hippocampus using neuronal nuclear antigen staining. Results: After 14 days, 12 of 12 rats (100%) cooled to 33°C, 11 of 12 rats (92%) cooled to 35°C, and ten of 14 rats (71%) cooled to 37°C survived, with hazard of death greater in the rats cooled to 37°C than in the combined hypothermia groups. Neurologic scores were worse in the rats cooled to 37°C than in the hypothermia groups on days 1, 2, and 3. Numbers of surviving neurons were similar between the groups cooled to 33°C and 35°C and were higher than in the group cooled to 37°C. Conclusions: These data illustrate that hypothermia of 35°C or 33°C over the first day of recovery improves neurologic scores and neuronal survival after cardiac arrest in rats. The benefit of induced hypothermia of 35°C appears to be similar to the benefit of 33°C. [source] | ||||||||||