Antifungal Properties (antifungal + property)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


In vitro Antifungal Properties, Structure,Activity Relationships and Studies on the Mode of Action of N-Phenyl, N-Aryl, N-Phenylalkyl Maleimides and Related Compounds.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2005
Susana A. Zacchino
Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]


ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Properties of Benzylamines Containing Boronate Esters.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 2 2002
Christopher M. Vogels
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]


Antifungal property of the essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf against tree pathogenic fungi

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2005
Han-Chung Lee
Abstract This study compares the chemical constituents of leaf essential oils from various geographical provenances of Cinnamomum osmophloeum and investigates their antifungal activities against six tree pathogenic fungi. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils obtained from different geographical provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes: cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type, and mixed type. Results from the antifungal tests show that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type have excellent inhibitory effect against Rhizoctonia solani, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Ganoderma australe and Fusarium solani. Furthermore, among the fourteen constituents of C osmophloeum leaf essential oils, Z -cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, geraniol and citral display the best antifungal properties. Comparisons of the antifungal properties of Z -cinnamaldehyde congeners reveal that Z -cinnamaldehyde exhibits the best antifungal property of this group. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


Cultivation-independent analysis of Pseudomonas species in soil and in the rhizosphere of field-grown Verticillium dahliae host plants

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 12 2006
Rodrigo Costa
Summary Despite their importance for rhizosphere functioning, rhizobacterial Pseudomonas spp. have been mainly studied in a cultivation-based manner. In this study a cultivation-independent method was used to determine to what extent the factors plant species, sampling site and year-to-year variation influence Pseudomonas community structure in bulk soil and in the rhizosphere of two Verticillium dahliae host plants, oilseed rape and strawberry. Community DNA was extracted from bulk and rhizosphere soil samples of flowering plants collected at three different sites in Germany in two consecutive years. Pseudomonas community structure and diversity were assessed using a polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) system to fingerprint Pseudomonas -specific 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from community DNA. Dominant and differentiating DGGE bands were excised from the gels, cloned and sequenced. The factors sampling site, plant species and year-to-year variation were shown to significantly influence the community structure of Pseudomonas in rhizosphere soils. The composition of Pseudomonas 16S rRNA gene fragments in the rhizosphere differed from that in the adjacent bulk soil and the rhizosphere effect tended to be plant-specific. The clone sequences of most dominant bands analysed belonged to the Pseudomonas fluorescens lineage and showed closest similarity to culturable Pseudomonas known for displaying antifungal properties. This report provides a better understanding of how different factors drive Pseudomonas community structure and diversity in bulk and rhizosphere soils. [source]


Multifunctional host defense peptides: antiparasitic activities

FEBS JOURNAL, Issue 22 2009
Amram Mor
Whereas significant knowledge is accumulating on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of host defense peptides (HDPs) and their synthetic mimics, much less is known of their activities against parasites. A variety of in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic assays suggest that these notorious antimicrobial compounds could represent a powerful tool for the development of novel drugs to fight parasites in the vertebrate host or to complement current therapeutic strategies, albeit the fact that HDPs essentially act by nonspecific mechanisms casts serious doubt on their ability to exert sufficient selectivity to be considered ideal candidates for drug development. This minireview summarizes recent efforts to assess the antiparasitic properties of HDPs and their synthetic derivatives, focusing on two of the most used models ,Plasmodium and Leishmania species , for antiparasitic assays against the different development stages. [source]


Evaluation of supplementary stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, bertoni) leaves and stevioside in broiler diets: effects on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, blood parameters and growth performance

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 6 2008
J. O. Atteh
Summary A perennial schrub, stevia, and its extracts are used as a natural sweetener and have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. Stevia contains high levels of sweetening glycosides including stevioside which is thought to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Little is known about the nutritional value of the schrub in livestock. This study determined the potential use of the shrub as a prebiotic animal feed supplement in light of the recent ban on the use of antibiotics in animal feed and the role of its constituent stevioside in the effects of the shrub. Male Cobb broiler chicks were fed a basal broiler diet without antibiotic but with performance enhancing enzyme mix (positive control), a basal diet without antibiotic and enzymes (negative control), or diets in which 2% of the negative control diet was replaced with either dried ground stevia leaves or 130 ppm pure stevioside during 2 week starter and 2 week grower periods. Body weight gains, feed conversion, abdominal fat deposition, plasma hormone and metabolites and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in the broilers at 2 and 4 weeks of age. There was no significant effect of the treatments on feed intake during the starter period but birds fed diet supplemented with stevia leaves and stevioside consumed more feed (p < 0.05) than those fed the positive control diet during the grower period. Weight gain by birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was higher (p < 0.05) than those fed other diets only during the starter period. Feed/gain ratio of birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was superior (p < 0.05) to others. There was no effect of the treatments on nutrient retention and water content of the excreta. Dietary stevia leave and stevioside decreased total concentration of SCFA and changed their profile in the ceca. There was no effect of the treatments on pancreas weight. Dietary stevia reduced blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and triiodothyronine (T3) but had no effect on non-esterified fatty acids. In contrast, stevioside only decreased T3. Both the stevia leaves and stevioside diets significantly increased abdominal fat content. It is concluded that dietary enzyme growth promoters are beneficial to the broilers only during the starter stage and that inclusion of stevia leaves or stevioside has no beneficial effect on the performance of broilers. [source]


Nisin Z inhibits the growth of Candida albicans and its transition from blastospore to hyphal form

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
C. Le Lay
Abstract Aims:, To investigate the efficacy of nisin Z, an antimicrobial peptide produced by certain strains of Lactococcus lactis against Candida albicans growth and transition. Methods and Results:,Candida albicans was cultured in the presence of various concentrations of nisin Z (1000, 500, and 100 ,g ml,1) for different time points. Candida albicans growth was determined using the Alamar Blue assay. The yeast's transition from blastospore to hyphal form was assessed through optical microscope observations. The effect of nisin Z on C. albicans ultrastructure was followed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that nisin Z inhibited C. albicans growth beginning at 500 ,g ml,1. This inhibition was both time- and dose-dependent. Nisin Z was also active against C. albicans transition by significantly inhibiting the transformation of C. albicans from the blastospore to hyphal form. Treatments with nisin Z lead to ultrastructural disturbances of C. albicans. Conclusion:, Our findings indicate that nisin Z significantly reduced C. albicans growth and transition. These effects may have occurred through ultrastructural modifications of this yeast. Significance and Impact of the Study:, For the first time, effect of nisin Z on C. albicans was investigated. These results therefore suggest that nisin Z may have antifungal properties, and could be used as an antifungal molecule. [source]


The microencapsulation of terbinafine via in situ polymerization of melamine-formaldehyde and their application to cotton fabric

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010
Gökhan Erkan
Abstract In this study an antifungal pharmaceutical agent, terbinafine, was microencapsulated by using in situ polymerization. The polymerization was carried out at four mole ratio level and preparations were applied to the 100% cotton fabric. X-ray diffractometry, DSC, FTIR, BET, contact angle measurements, particle size distribution and imaging techniques were performed. Best results were obtained in the case of 8 : 1 mole ratio. Strength of microcapsule applied fabrics to washing and fungus were also determined. After 25 washing cycle, microcapsules were still in the fabric and had antifungal properties against A. niger. Antifungal strength against T. rubrum was observed up to 15 washing cycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source]


CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ORIGANUM ONITES L. ESSENTIAL OILS AND EXTRACTS

JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 1 2009
MIHRIBAN KORUKLUOGLU
ABSTRACT Essential oils (EOs) and extracts (methanol, acetone and diethyl ether) of fresh and dried oregano (Origanum onites L.) were used to determine the antifungal effect on Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus (two strains), Aspergillus niger (two strains), Aspergillus parasiticus, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor racemosus and Penicillium roqueforti by disk diffusion methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of all samples were determined. The antifungal activity of the fresh herb was greater than that of the dried herb. MIC values for fresh and dried methanol extracts were 150,950 µg/mL and 750,950 µg/mL, respectively. MFC values for methanol extracts were determined between 300 and 1200 µg/mL for fresh oregano and between 750 and 1100 µg/mL for dried oregano. The EOs of fresh and dried oregano totally inhibited test fungi. EOs produced the lowest MIC and MFC values: 8.5 µg/mL and 9.0 µg/mL, respectively (P < 0.005). The highest extract activity was exhibited by fresh oregano against A. alternata (24 mm) followed by P. roqueforti (20 mm). The greatest total antifungal effect was observed from methanol extracts. The chemical composition of fresh oregano EO and extracts was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Over 80 volatiles were detected, of which 42 were positively identified by matching both MS fragmentation patterns with standardized retention characteristics. p-Cymene, thymol and carvacrol were the most prominent, followed by ,-pinene, camphor and borneol. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In the past decade interest in natural antimicrobial plant extracts has been growing. Various plants have historically been used for the purposes of food preservation and flavor enhancement as well as medicinal purposes. An example is oregano, the leafy part of the plant belonging to the Labiatae family. It has been used to improve the flavor and the organoleptic properties of many foods from numerous cultures. It has also been used to prolong the storage life of foods probably because of antifungal properties. The preservative nature of fresh oregano has been employed in many food applications, including meat and fish products, as well as in pharmaceuticals, alternative medicines and natural therapies. [source]


Antifungal property of the essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf against tree pathogenic fungi

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2005
Han-Chung Lee
Abstract This study compares the chemical constituents of leaf essential oils from various geographical provenances of Cinnamomum osmophloeum and investigates their antifungal activities against six tree pathogenic fungi. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils obtained from different geographical provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes: cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type, and mixed type. Results from the antifungal tests show that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type have excellent inhibitory effect against Rhizoctonia solani, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Ganoderma australe and Fusarium solani. Furthermore, among the fourteen constituents of C osmophloeum leaf essential oils, Z -cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, geraniol and citral display the best antifungal properties. Comparisons of the antifungal properties of Z -cinnamaldehyde congeners reveal that Z -cinnamaldehyde exhibits the best antifungal property of this group. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


An overview of the antifungal properties of allicin and its breakdown products , the possibility of a safe and effective antifungal prophylactic

MYCOSES, Issue 2 2005
Stephen R Davis
Summary Reports about the safe and successful intravenous (i.v.) use of garlic derivatives in China against invasive fungal infections have been made, but little has been done to seriously investigate the in vivo use of these derivatives in the West. Laboratories have demonstrated impressive in vitro MICs using allitridium, one of these derivatives, against a range of medically important fungi. In addition, it has been demonstrated that allitridium shows in vitro synergy with amphotericin B, one of the main i.v. antifungal agents. Some of the breakdown products of allicin, the main parent antifungal compound in garlic, have been investigated for their general antimicrobial, anticancer and anticholesterol properties, and it appears that there is a common mode of action that underlies these activities. It appears that these small molecules have the ability to cross cell membranes and combine with sulfur-containing molecular groups in amino acids and proteins, thus interfering with cell metabolism. It has been suggested that the reason human cells are not poisoned by allicin derivatives is that they contain glutathione, a sulfur-containing amino acid that combines with the allicin derivative, thus preventing cell damage. In addition to their biochemical mechanism, these derivatives appear to stimulate cellular immunity, an important ability lacking in conventional antifungal chemotherapy. These derivatives appear to be safe, cheap, wide-spectrum and immunostimulatory, as well as possibly synergistic with conventional antifungal therapy, making them ideal candidates for investigation into their use as prophylactic antifungal agents. [source]


Nanodisks protect amphotericin B from ultraviolet light and oxidation-induced damage

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2009
Megan L Tufteland
Abstract BACKGROUND: Macrolide polyene antibiotics possess potent broad-spectrum antifungal properties. Use of these agents in the field or in controlled environments is impeded by their poor water solubility and susceptibility to oxidation- and/or light-induced degradation. While typically used for human disease therapy, there is potential to expand the utility of polyene macrolide antibiotics, such as amphotericin B, for control of fungal disease infestation in agricultural settings. Thus, the susceptibility of this antibiotic to exposure-induced activity loss was evaluated. RESULTS: Incubation of the prototype polyene amphotericin B (AMB) with phospholipid vesicles and apolipoprotein A-I results in the formation of nanoscale complexes, termed nanodisks (NDs), capable of solubilizing significant quantities of AMB. To evaluate whether AMB incorporation into NDs conferred protection against light- or oxidation-induced damage, yeast growth inhibition assays were conducted. Compared with AMB solubilized in detergent micelles, AMB incorporated into NDs was protected from damage caused by exposure to UV light as well as by KMnO4 -induced oxidation. Furthermore, AMB-NDs inhibited growth of the turfgrass fungus Marasmius oreades Fr. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that this water-soluble formulation of a natural, biodegradable, antifungal agent represents a potential cost-effective, non-toxic and environmentally friendly substitute for chemical agents currently employed to control a range of fungal infestations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]


A multicriteria ranking of organotin(IV) compounds with fungicidal properties

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2003
Godwin A. Ayoko
Abstract The application of multicriteria decision-making methods to the results of in vitro antifungal properties of organotin compounds of the type PhxSnXz (x = 2 or 3; X = O2CC6H4OH, O2CC6H4OCOCH3, Cl or O2CCH3; z = 1 or 2) and of free 2-hydroxybenzoic and 2-acetoxybenzoic acids against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Penicillium citrinum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceum have been described. Ranking information necessary to select one toxicant in preference to others and to assess the properties influencing the preference has been obtained. Patterns in the multivariate analyses suggest that cationic and anionic moieties of the toxicant play some roles in their fungicidal activities. The triphenyltin compounds were generally more active than their diphenyltin analogues, but the acetoxybenzoates were more active than the corresponding hydroxybenzoates, acetates or chlorides. Thus, triphenyltin acetoxybenzoate is up to 7.5 times as active as the corresponding acetate, which is commercially marketed as a fungicide. The results of the analyses have been discussed in the light of the mechanism of antifungal activity of organotin compounds and the potential of multivariate data analysis techniques to facilitate the screening and ranking of antifungal agents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Indolylthiadiazinoazetidinones and Indolylthiadiazinothiazolidinones as Antimicrobial Agents

ARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 2 2010
Vikas Kumar
Abstract Some new 5-methoxy/ethoxy-2,3-[2,-(3,,-chloro-2,,-oxo-4,,-substituted-aryl-1,,-azetidinyl)-1,,3,,4,-thiadiazino]indoles 13,20 and 5-methoxy/ethoxy-2,3-[2,-(2,,-substituted-aryl-4,,-oxo-1,,,3,,-thiazolidin-3,,-yl)-1,,3,,4,-thiadiazino]indoles 21,28 have been synthesized from 5-methoxy/ethoxy-2,3-[2,-(substituted-benzylidinylimino)-1,,3,,4,-thiadiazino]indoles 5,12. These newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. Further, compounds 5,28 of the present series have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Both minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition zones were determined in order to monitor the efficacy of the synthesized compounds. Compounds 14 and 16 were found to be the most potent members of the present series, they showed maximal antibacterial and antifungal properties much better than the standard drugs. [source]


Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of NP24-I, an isoform of a thaumatin-like protein from ripe tomato fruits

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F (ELECTRONIC), Issue 8 2005
Raka Ghosh
NP24 is a 24,kDa (207-amino-acid) antifungal thaumatin-like protein (TLP) found in tomato fruits. An isoform of the protein, NP24-I, is reported to play a possible role in ripening of the fruit in addition to its antifungal properties. The protein has been isolated and purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P43, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 61.01, c = 62.90,Å and one molecule per asymmetric unit. X-ray diffraction data were processed to a resolution of 2.45,Å and the structure was solved by molecular replacement. [source]


Antifungal property of the essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf against tree pathogenic fungi

JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 12 2005
Han-Chung Lee
Abstract This study compares the chemical constituents of leaf essential oils from various geographical provenances of Cinnamomum osmophloeum and investigates their antifungal activities against six tree pathogenic fungi. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils obtained from different geographical provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes: cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type, and mixed type. Results from the antifungal tests show that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde,cinnamyl acetate type have excellent inhibitory effect against Rhizoctonia solani, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Ganoderma australe and Fusarium solani. Furthermore, among the fourteen constituents of C osmophloeum leaf essential oils, Z -cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, geraniol and citral display the best antifungal properties. Comparisons of the antifungal properties of Z -cinnamaldehyde congeners reveal that Z -cinnamaldehyde exhibits the best antifungal property of this group. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source]