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Antifungal
Kinds of Antifungal Terms modified by Antifungal Selected AbstractsPathogenesis of Streptoverticillium albireticuli on Caenorhabditis elegans and its antagonism to soil-borne fungal pathogensLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2002J.-O. Park Aims: To examine the biological activity of Streptoverticillium albireticuli. Methods: Isolation of S. albireticuli was carried out using the dry-heat technique. Nematicidal and pathogenic activity on Caenorhabditis elegans was measured by mortality in metabolites and colonization rate on fishmeal extract agar. Antifungal and enzymatic activities of S. albireticuli were measured by the agar plate method and the semidefined solid media method, respectively. Results:S. albireticuli showed strong nematicidal activity against C. elegans . Pathogenic activity was also evident with the colonized nematode by the isolate on fishmeal extract agar. It also showed antifungal activity against certain fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani , Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium oxysporum . Significance and Impact of the Study: The discovery of an actinomycete showing pathogenic activity against the nematode may indicate the potential for it to be used as a biocontrol agent of parasitic nematodes, in addition to its ability to suppress fungal pathogens. [source] Activity-guided isolation of a novel protein from Croton tiglium with antifungal and antibacterial activitiesPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 12 2008Muhammad Shahid Abstract This study describes the activity-guided isolation and purification of a novel antimicrobial protein from the seed of Croton tiglium Linn. Purification was carried out by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Antifungal and antibacterial activities were determined after each purification step. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified protein was a monomer with molecular mass of 50 kDa. This is a first report on purification of a protein from Croton tiglium, which possesses a strong and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of the Newly Synthesized 2-Xanthone DerivativesARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 1 2009Henryk Marona Abstract A series of 2-substituted xanthone derivatives 8,20 containing selected allyl, cinnamyl, morpholine, and imidazole moieties were synthesized and tested for their antifungal and antibacterial in-vitro properties. Of the newly synthesized derivatives, ten revealed antifungal activity especially against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (the biggest inhibition zones ranged 35 mm for 11 and 13). 2-(3-(Allylamino)propoxy)-9H -xanthen-9-one hydrochloride 9 inhibited growth of all of the examined fungal species. Significant efficacy against evaluated yeasts and dermatophytes was also observed for 6-chloro-2-methyl-9H -xanthen-9-one derivatives 11,13 containing encyclic amine moieties. Additionally, compounds 9, 11, and 12 hindered development of bacteria species but in a lesser degree. They were efficacious against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. [source] ChemInform Abstract: "On Water" Assisted Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Hetero-1,4-naphthoquinones as Potent Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents.CHEMINFORM, Issue 39 2010Vishnu K. Tandon Abstract The reactions of naphthoquinone derivative (I) with different amines and thiols and intramolecular nucleophilic addition,elimination and cyclization reactions in the presence or absence of a base using water as solvent are studied. [source] Antifungal Bis[bibenzyls] from the Chinese Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L.CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2006Chong Niu Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] The Samarium(II)-Mediated Intermolecular Couplings of Ketones and ,-Alkoxyacrylates: A Short Asymmetric Synthesis of an Antifungal ,-Butyrolactone.CHEMINFORM, Issue 12 2005Nessan J. Kerrigan Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Cordiaquinone K, Antifungal and Larvicidal Meroterpenoid Isolated from the Panamanian Plant, Cordia curassavica.CHEMINFORM, Issue 50 2003Arata Yajima No abstract is available for this article. [source] Synthesis of Novel Isoxazolidine Derivatives and Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties.CHEMINFORM, Issue 39 2003Kodagahally R. Ravi Kumar Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Synthesis of 5-Arylidene-2-aryl-3-(1,2,4-triazoloacetamidyl)-1,3-thiadiazol-4-ones as Antibacterial, Antifungal, Analgesic and Diuretic Agents.CHEMINFORM, Issue 2 2003S. K. Srivastava Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Novel Functionalized Pyrido[2,3-g]quinoxalinones as Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticancer Agents.CHEMINFORM, Issue 16 2002Antonio Carta Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Cardiovascular Activity of New Quinoline Derivatives.CHEMINFORM, Issue 4 2001Kalid Mohammed Khan Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Oxylipin studies expose aspirin as antifungalFEMS YEAST RESEARCH, Issue 8 2007Johan L. F. Kock Abstract The presence of aspirin-sensitive 3-hydroxy fatty acids (i.e. 3-OH oxylipins) in yeasts was first reported in the early 1990s. Since then, these oxidized fatty acids have been found to be widely distributed in yeasts. 3-OH oxylipins may: (1) have potent biological activity in mammalian cells; (2) act as antifungals; and (3) assist during forced spore release from enclosed sexual cells (asci). A link between 3-OH oxylipin production, mitochondria and aspirin sensitivity exists. Research suggests that: (1) 3-OH oxylipins in some yeasts are probably also produced by mitochondria through incomplete ,-oxidation; (2) aspirin inhibits mitochondrial ,-oxidation and 3-OH oxylipin production; (3) yeast sexual stages, which are probably more dependent on mitochondrial activity, are also characterized by higher 3-OH oxylipin levels as compared to asexual stages; (4) yeast sexual developmental stages as well as cell adherence/flocculation are more sensitive to aspirin than corresponding asexual growth stages; and (5) mitochondrion-dependent asexual yeast cells with a strict aerobic metabolism are more sensitive to aspirin than those that can also produce energy through an alternative anaerobic glycolytic fermentative pathway in which mitochondria are not involved. This review interprets a wide network of studies that reveal aspirin to be a novel antifungal. [source] Utilization of essential oil as natural antifungal against nail-infective fungiFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002Mamta Patra Abstract During antifungal screening of some essential oils, Foeniculum vulgare exhibited the strongest activity, completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of the nail-infective fungi, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and Scytalidium dimidiatum. The essential oil was found to be fungicidal at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5 µl/ml concentrations. The oil was efficiently active against heavy doses of inoculum at minimum fungicidal concentrations. The fungicidal activity of the oil was found to be thermostable up to 80 °C, with no descramble decrease in activity after 48 months of storage. The oil also showed a broad fungitoxic spectrum, inhibiting the mycelial growth of other nail-infective fungi, viz. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger,A. ustus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microporum audouinii, M. canis, M. gypseum, M. nanum, Rhizopus nigricans, Trichophyton tonsurans and T. violaceum. Moreover, it did not exhibit any adverse effects on mammalian skin and nails up to 5% concentration. As such, the oil has a potential use as an effective herbal chemotherapeutic after undergoing successful clinical trials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (6S)-5,6-Dihydro-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexyl]-2H -pyran-2-one via Prins CyclizationHELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 7 2010Jhillu, Singh Yadav Abstract The stereoselective total synthesis of an antiproliferative and antifungal , -pyrone natural product (6S)-5,6-dihydro-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexyl]-2H -pyran-2-one is described. The key steps involved are the Prins cyclization, Mitsunobu reaction, and ring-closing metathesis reaction. [source] Two New Metabolites, Epoxydine A and B, from Phoma sp.HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 1 2010Song Qin Abstract The new compounds, epoxydines A and B (1 and 2, resp.), along with the known and related metabolites, 3,6, were isolated from the fungal endophyte Phoma sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, and the relative configuration of 1 was confirmed by ROESY experiments. Preliminary studies indicated that compounds 2,5 possess good antibacterial, antifungal, and algicidal properties. Similarly, compound 1 showed antifungal and algicidal, and compound 6 antibacterial and algicidal properties. [source] Ciclopirox: a broad-spectrum antifungal with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory propertiesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue S1 2004Aditya K. Gupta MD, FRCP(C) First page of article [source] Itraconazole: an effective oral antifungal for onychomycosisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Sanjeev Jain MD First page of article [source] Terbinafine, a unique oral antifungal: current perceptionsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2000Sanjeev Jain First page of article [source] Evaluation of extracts of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera in culture media for selective inhibition of saprophytic fungal contaminantsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2009Grace Mebi Ayanbimpe Abstract Most fungi occur in nature and utilize simple sources of carbohydrates and nitrogen for growth. Sabouraud's dextrose agar has been an ideal medium for primary isolation of fungi from clinical specimens, but for specimens from nonsterile sites or heavily contaminated ones, it has been necessary to include inhibitory substances such as antibiotics like chloramphenicol (antibacterial) and cycloheximide (antifungal). The problems we have in the our laboratory owing to frequent contamination of cultures and the delays in the procurement of cycloheximide have stimulated a search for alternatives in our local environment to enhance effective laboratory diagnoses of fungal infections. Purified extracts of the leaves and bark of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera (common plants in our locality) were tested against clinical isolates of fungi at various concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration at which common fungal contaminants are inhibited, without affecting the growth of the pathogenic fungi sought for. At a concentration of 0.75,mg,ml,1 contaminants were totally inhibited by the leaf extracts. The bark extracts did not inhibit any fungus even at higher concentrations. From the results it was evident that the leaf extracts of both plants have potentials for use as inhibitory substances in culture media against contaminant fungi including Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., etc. J. curcas and M. oleifera are very common plants in our locality. They can be obtained at almost no cost and at any time needed. The benefits of these findings to mycology laboratories in a developing country are enormous. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:161,164, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Microtubules: dynamics, drug interaction and drug resistance in LeishmaniaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 5 2002K. G. Jayanarayan MS (Pharm) Summary Microtubules are cytoskeletal polymers essential for the survival of all eukaryotes. These proteins are the proposed cellular targets of many anticancerous, antifungal and antihelminthic drugs. Sufficient differences exist between the microtubules of kinetoplastid parasites like Leishmania and humans to explore the selective targeting of these proteins for therapeutic purposes. This review describes the basic structure of microtubules and its dynamics in general, with specific insights into leishmanial microtubules, the salient features of microtubule,drug interactions including the specificity of certain drugs for parasitic microtubules. Chemotherapy against leishmanial parasites is failing because of the emergence of drug resistant strains. The possible mechanisms of resistance to antimicrotubule agents along with insights into the role of microtubules in mediating drug resistance in Leishmania are discussed. [source] Mechanistic insights into oxidosqualene cyclizations through homology modelingJOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2003Gasch, Tanja Schulz Abstract 2,3-Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) are key enzymes in sterol biosynthesis. They catalyze the stereoselective cyclization and skeletal rearrangement of (3S)-2,3-oxidosqualene to lanosterol in mammals and fungi and to cycloartenol in algae and higher plants. Sequence information and proposed mechanism of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases are closely related to those of squalene-hopene cyclases (SHC), which represent functional analogs of OSCs in bacteria. SHCs catalyze the cationic cyclization cascade converting the linear triterpene squalene to fused ring compounds called hopanoids. High stereoselectivity and precision of the skeletal rearrangements has aroused the interest of researchers for nearly half a century, and valuable data on studying mechanistic details in the complex enzyme-catalyzed cyclization cascade has been collected. Today, interest in cyclases is still unbroken, because OSCs became targets for the development of antifungal and hypocholesterolemic drugs. However, due to the large size and membrane-bound nature of OSCs, three-dimensional structural information is still not available, thus preventing a complete understanding of the atomic details of the catalytic mechanism. In this work, we discuss results gained from homology modeling of human OSC based on structural information of SHC from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and propose a structural model of human OSC. The model is in accordance with previously performed experimental studies with mechanism-based suicide inhibitors and mutagenesis experiments with altered activity and product specificity. Structural insight should strongly stimulate structure-based design of antifungal or cholesterol-lowering drugs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 741,753, 2003 [source] ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA VERBENACA L. GROWING WILD IN TUNISIAJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2010MOUNA BEN TAARIT ABSTRACT The essential oil of aerial parts of Salvia verbenaca L., collected in three different locations in Tunisia, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC,mass spectrometry. The oil yields of dried plants (w/w) were 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12% in Sabelet Ben Ammar, Sers and Somaa, respectively. Seventy-seven compounds were identified. The monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes had the highest contributions. The major constituents in Sabelet Ben Ammar were viridiflorol (21.8%), camphene (17.6%), methyl eugenol (9.4%) and ,-caryophyllene (7.1%), while those of essential oil collected from Somaa, were tricyclene (18.8%), nonane (10.3%), methyl eugenol (7.7%) and terpinolene (7.3%). In samples collected from Sers, essential oil consists mainly of (Z)-,-ocimene (29.5%), ,-phellandrene (8.2%), ,-thujone (7.9%) and ,-pinene (5.5%). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this study, it has been found that the oils of wild-growing Salvia verbenaca L. in Tunisia are rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons with great economical values. The plant family Labiatae contains several species with potential therapeutic activity due to their essential oils. Pharmacology, pharmaceutical botany, medical and clinical microbiology, phytopathology and food preservation are some fields in which essential oils can be applied. Many Salvia spp. are used as herbal tea and for food flavoring, as well as in cosmetics, perfumery and the pharmaceutical industry. It has shown that essential oil of S. verbenaca have strong antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activities and peripheral analgesic properties. [source] OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR THE GROWTH AND POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION BY HYPSIZIGUS MARMOREUS IN SUBMERGED CULTUREJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 4 2009PING WANG ABSTRACTS In submerged cultivation, many nutrient variables and environmental conditions have great influence on the growth and polysaccharide production by Hypsizigus marmoreus. Plackett,Burman design was used to determine the important nutrient factors. A central composite experimental design and surface response methodology were employed to optimize the factor levels. Prediction models for dry cell weight (DCW), polysaccharide outside cells (EPS) and polysaccharide inside cells (IPS) under important nutrient conditions were developed by multiple regression analysis and verified. By solving the equations, the optimal nutrient conditions for highest EPS production (9.62 g/L) were obtained at 6.77 g cornstarch/L, 36.57 g glucose/L, 3.5 g MgSO4/L and 6.14 g bean cake powder/L, under which DCW and IPS were 16.2 g/L and 1.46 g/L, close to the highest value under their corresponding optimal conditions. Optimal environmental conditions were obtained at 10% inoculation dose, 45 mL medium in a 250 mL flask, pH 6.5, 25C and 200 rpm according to the results of single-factor experiment design. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Hypsizigus marmoreus polysaccharides have many functional properties, including antitumor, antifungal and antiproliferative activities, and free-radical scavenging. Liquid cultivation could produce a higher yield of polysaccharides and more flexible sequential processing methods of H. marmoreus, compared with traditional solid-state cultivation. However, the cell growth and production of polysaccharides would be influenced by many factors, including nutrient conditions and environmental conditions in the liquid cultivation of H. marmoreus. Keeping the conditions at optimal levels can maximize the yield of polysaccharides. The study not only found out the optimal nutrient conditions and environmental conditions for highest cell growth and yield of polysaccharides, but also developed prediction models for these parameters with important nutrient variables. Yield of polysaccharide inside of cells was also studied as well as polysaccharides outside of cells and cell growth. The results provide essential information for production of H. marmoreus polysaccharides by liquid culture. [source] Synthesis and biological screening of some fluorinated dibenzofuran containing 3-chlorochromones and benzothiazepinesJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2009Pratibha Randhavane Variously substituted chalcones were synthesized from 4-difluoromethoxy-dibenzofuran-1-carboxaldehyde. These chalcones were converted into corresponding 3-chlorochromones and dihydro-benzothiazepines. Synthesized compounds were tested for their antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009). [source] Synthesis, complexation and antifungal, antibacterial activity studies of a new macrocyclic schiff baseJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2006H. Ibrahim Ugras A new macrocyclic ligand, L was synthesized using the high dilution condition with condensation of triethylene glycol diamine and terephtalaldehyde in ethanol. The obtained product, L was identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The extraction equilibrium constants were estimated using dichloromethane/water membranes transfer with ICP-AES and AES spectroscopy. Biological studies of this compound was determinated with disc diffusion method. The biological activity results showed that the synthesized ligand L has high activity against the studied microorganisms and high complexation ability against the Fe2+ cation. [source] Lipid transfer proteins from Brassica campestris and mung bean surpass mung bean chitinase in exploitabilityJOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 10 2007Peng Lin Abstract Antifungal peptides with a molecular mass of 9 kDa and an N -terminal sequence demonstrating remarkable similarity to those of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) were isolated from seeds of the vegetable Brassica campestris and the mung bean. The purified peptides exerted an inhibitory action on mycelial growth in various fungal species. The antifungal activity of Brassica and mung bean nsLTPs were thermostable, pH-stable, and stable after treatment with pepsin and trypsin. In contrast, the antifungal activity of mung bean chitinase was much less stable to changes in pH and temperature. Brassica LTP inhibited proliferation of hepatoma Hep G2 cells and breast cancer MCF 7 cells with an IC50 of 5.8 and 1.6 µM, respectively, and the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC50 of 4 µM. However, mung bean LTP and chitinase were devoid of antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities. In contrast to the mung bean LTP, which exhibited antibacterial activity, Brassica LTP was inactive. All three antifungal peptides lacked mitogenic activity toward splenocytes. These results indicate that the two LTPs have more desirable activities than the chitinase and that there is a dissociation between the antifungal and other activities of these antifungal proteins. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A new peptidic protease inhibitor from Vicia faba seeds exhibits antifungal, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibiting and mitogenic activitiesJOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 12 2002X. Y. Ye Abstract A new trypsin,chymotrypsin inhibitor, with an N -terminal sequence showing some differences from the previously reported trypsin,chymotrypsin inhibitor, was isolated from the broad bean Vicia faba. The inhibitor was a peptide with a molecular mass of 13 kDa. It was adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and CM-Sepharose. It exerted antifungal activity toward Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Physalospora piricola. In addition, the trypsin,chymotrypsin inhibitor elicited a mitogenic response from mouse splenocytes and inhibited the activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Dynamic foams in topical drug deliveryJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010Yanjun Zhao Abstract Objectives Pharmaceutical foams are not new inventions and their application in topical therapy can be traced back three decades. However, foam formulations have been gaining in popularity with over 100 patents published globally in the last 10 years alone. The aim of this paper is to review the current status and explore the future potential of dynamic foam vehicles in the field of topical drug delivery. Key findings The use of foam technology to deliver a range of topical active agents has been claimed, including sun-screening compounds, corticosteroids, and antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents. Although foams present distinct application advantages and improved patient compliance, the real reason for the rapid growth of topical foam technology is that foams as elegant, aesthetic and cosmetically appealing vehicles provide an alternative, promising formulation strategy in the highly competitive dermatological market. Although there is a plethora of published data proving the safety profiles of topical foams there is a lack of sufficient clinical evidence to demonstrate any superiority of foams over other traditional topical vehicles such as creams and ointments for drug delivery. Summary Recent literature suggests that when foams are properly engineered using the advances of in situ analysis techniques, the enhancement of topical drug delivery via engineering this type of vehicle can be achieved. [source] Pantoea ananatis: an unconventional plant pathogenMOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009TERESA A. COUTINHO SUMMARY Pantoea ananatis causes disease symptoms in a wide range of economically important agricultural crops and forest tree species worldwide. It is regarded as an emerging pathogen based on the increasing number of reports of diseases occurring on previously unrecorded hosts in different parts of the world. Its unconventional nature lies in the fact that, unlike the majority of plant pathogenic microbes, P. ananatis is capable of infecting humans and occurs in diverse ecological niches, such as part of a bacterial community contaminating aviation jet fuel tanks and contributing to growth promotion in potato and pepper. Taxonomy: Bacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; family Enterobacteriaceae; genus Pantoea. Microbiological properties: Gram-negative; facultatively anaerobic; most strains are motile and produce a yellow pigment in culture; indole positive. Biology:Pantoea ananatis is a common epiphyte; it also occurs endophytically in hosts where it has been reported to cause disease symptoms and in hosts where no such symptoms have been described. Some strains are ice-nucleating, a feature which has been used as a biological control mechanism against some insect pests of agricultural crops and by the food industry. Disease symptoms:Pantoea ananatis infects both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The symptoms are diverse depending on the host infected, and include leaf blotches and spots, die-back, and stalk, fruit and bulb rot. Biological control agent:Pantoea ananatis has both antifungal and antibacterial properties. These characteristics have the potential of being exploited by biological control specialists. [source] Clinically relevant drug interactions of current antifungal agentsMYCOSES, Issue 2 2010Paul O. Gubbins Summary Antifungal agents are often prescribed in critically ill patients who are receiving many other medications. When using systemic antifungals, clinicians may possess susceptibility data and they are typically aware of the potential toxicity of these agents. However, the myriad of potential drugs that antifungal agents can interact with is daunting and can be confusing. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic properties of antifungal agents and their clinically relevant drug interactions. The antifungal agents differ markedly in their pharmacokinetic properties and in how they interact with other medicines. The amphotericin B formulations interact with other medicines primarily by reducing their renal elimination or producing additive toxicities. The azoles interact with other medicines primarily by inhibiting biotransformation or by affecting drug distribution and elimination. The echinocandins have the lowest propensity to interact with other medicines. The clinical relevance of antifungal,drug interactions varies substantially. While certain interactions are benign and result in little or no untoward clinical outcomes, others can produce significant toxicity or compromise efficacy if not properly managed through monitoring and dosage adjustment. However, certain interactions produce significant toxicity or compromise efficacy to such an extent that they cannot be managed and the particular combination of antifungal and interacting medicine should be avoided. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||