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Anterior Temporalis Muscles (anterior + temporali_muscle)
Selected AbstractsNo effect of experimental occlusal interferences on pressure pain thresholds of the masseter and temporalis muscles in healthy womenEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2006A. Michelotti It has been suggested that occlusal interferences may lead to pain and tenderness of the masticatory muscles. Tender jaw muscles are more sensitive to pressure pain, as assessed by means of pressure algometry. We tested the effects of occlusal interferences on the pressure pain threshold of the jaw muscles by means of a double-blind randomized crossover experiment carried out on 11 young healthy females. Golden strips were glued either to an occlusal contact area (active interference) or to the vestibular surface of the same tooth (dummy interference) and left for 8 d each. Pressure pain thresholds of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were assessed under interference-free, dummy-interference and active-interference conditions. The results indicated that the application of an active occlusal interference, as used in this study, did not influence significantly the pressure pain thresholds of these muscles in healthy individuals. [source] Effects of prolonged gum chewing on pain and fatigue in human jaw musclesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2001Mauro Farella Gum chewing has been accepted as an adjunct to oral hygiene, as salivary stimulant and vehicle for various agents, as well as for jaw muscle training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged gum chewing on pain, fatigue and pressure tenderness of the masticatory muscles. Fifteen women without temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were requested to perform one of the following chewing tasks in three separate sessions: chewing a very hard gum, chewing a soft gum, and empty-chewing with no bolus. Unilateral chewing of gum or empty chewing was performed for 40 min at a constant rate of 80 cycles/min. In each session, perceived muscle pain and masticatory fatigue were rated on visual analog scales (VAS) before, throughout, and after the chewing task. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were assessed before and immediately after the chewing tasks, and again after 24 h. The VAS scores for pain and fatigue significantly increased only during the hard gum chewing, and after 10 min of recovery VAS scores had decreased again, almost to their baseline values. No significant changes were found for PPTs either after hard or soft gum chewing. The findings indicate that the jaw muscles recover quickly from prolonged chewing activity in subjects without TMD. [source] Non-invasive assessment of motor unit anatomy in jaw-elevator musclesJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 10 2005T. CASTROFLORIO summary The estimation of fibre length in jaw-elevator muscles is important for modelling studies and clinical applications. The objective of this study was to identify, from multi-channel surface EMG recordings, the main innervation zone(s) of the superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscles, and to estimate the fibre length of these muscles. Surface EMG signals were collected from 13 subjects with a 16-electrode linear array. The innervation zones of the masseter and anterior temporalis were identified and their variability intra- and inter-subject outlined. More than one main innervation zone location was identified in the masseter of all subjects and in the temporalis anterior of 12 subjects. Average estimated fibre lengths, for the right (left) side, were (mean ± SD) 27·3 ± 2·4 mm (27·0 ± 1·7 mm) and 25·9 ± 2·3 mm (26·6 ± 1·6 mm), for the superficial masseter and temporalis anterior muscle, respectively. The range of innervation zone locations was up to approximately 50% of the fibre length, both within and between subjects. Fibre length estimates well matched with published data on cadavers. It was concluded that multi-channel surface EMG provides important and reliable information on the anatomy of single motor units in jaw-elevator muscles. [source] Effects of a functional appliance on masticatory muscles of young adults suffering from muscle-related temporomandibular disordersJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 6 2004T. Castroflorio summary, The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an original orthodontic functional appliance [function generating bite for deep bite correction (FGB-D)] on masticatory muscle activity in subjects suffering from muscle-related temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Electromyographic (EMG) analysis was performed on 33 young adults (nine men, 24 women) to evaluate the contractile symmetry of the right and left masseter and anterior temporalis muscles. The subjects were divided into three groups: a muscle-related TMD group requiring orthodontic treatment for deep bite correction (three men, eight women) and treated with FGB-D; a muscle-related TMD group not requiring orthodontic treatment (three men, eight women) and treated with a Michigan occlusal splint; and a TMD-free group (three men, eight women) as a control group. Records were made by surface EMG of maximum voluntary teeth clenching, with and without the functional appliance or occlusal splint in place, before and after 12 months of therapy. A torque index was derived from the surface EMG recordings to estimate lateral displacement of the mandible. The results show that the FGB-D corrects the torque index and thus the lateral displacement of the mandible. [source] The effects of isometric exercise on maximum voluntary bite forces and jaw muscle strength and enduranceJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 10 2001D. J. Thompson The effects of training and exercise on the strength and endurance of limb muscles has been investigated extensively, but the response of the jaw muscles to exercise remains poorly known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term isometric training increases strength and endurance of the superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscles. Maximum and submaximum voluntary bite forces and corresponding electromyographic (EMG) activity were measured in 28 young adults, randomly divided into exercise and non-exercise (control) groups. Subjects in the exercise group performed isometric clenches against a soft maxillary splint for five 1-min sessions per day over a 6-week period. After exercise, subjects increased their maximum bite forces by 37%, but control subjects' bite forces also increased by 25%. After exercise, EMG levels per unit of bite force generally decreased, but similar decreases were also seen in the non-exercised controls. Masseter muscle activity levels during standardized 10-kg bites decreased after 6 weeks of exercise. Fatigue resistance increased significantly with exercise but did not differ significantly from control values after 6 weeks of exercise. The results of this study indicate that increases in maximum bite force can be easily produced with training, but that actual strengthening of the jaw muscles is more difficult to achieve. [source] The diagnostic value of pressure algometry in myofascial pain of the jaw musclesJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 1 2000M. Farella Recent evidence suggests that evaluation of muscle tenderness in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) patients might be improved by the use of pressure algometry; nevertheless, the evaluation of the diagnostic value of this tool has received little attention. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of pressure algometry in myofascial pain of the jaw muscles, by calculation of sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and positive predictive values (PPV). Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were assessed in 40 female myogenous TMD patients and 40 age-matched female controls. PPTs were significantly lower (P<0·001) in TMD patients than in control subjects for both masseter and temporalis muscles, being 40,50% of the control values. Setting a cutoff value 1 s.d. below the mean PPT values of control subject, sensitivity and specificity were 0·67 and 0·85, respectively, for the masseter muscle and 0·77 and 0·87, respectively, for the temporalis muscle. When taking into account the prevalences of myofascial pain in the general population and in TMD clinics, the PPV ranged from 0·5 to 0·7. As a result of the low PPV, pressure algometry has strong limitations when used as a solitary diagnostic tool. [source] | ||||||||||