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Least One Parent (least + one_parent)
Selected AbstractsPredicting the development of early skin test sensitization in offspring of parents with asthmaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 6 2007Y. Jin Abstract Background, The direct causal relationship between skin sensitization and asthma are controversial until now and remains to be further researched. Our aim is to analyse the role of parental asthma in the development of skin sensitization in offspring. Materials and methods, This study was performed among nuclear families (determined by index of asthma patients), and subjects included parents and offspring. Parents were subdivided into four phenotypes on the basis of skin sensitization (SPT+ or SPT,) and asthma status (AST+ or AST,) and offspring were subdivided into three age groups: 3,8, 9,14 and 15,20 years. The main tests included a standard questionnaire and skin prick tests. Results, Offspring's skin sensitization differed among parental phenotypes at all ages (P < 0·05). In the SPT+/AST,, SPT,/AST+ and SPT+/AST+ groups, offspring were significantly more likely to be allergic than the ones in SPT,/AST, group at 3,8 years. Offspring with at least one parent with asthma were significantly more likely to have positive skin prick test response than those with non-asthmatic parents at age 3,8 years and 9,14 years, but not at 15,20 years among offspring with allergic parents. Results were independent of asthma in the children and of the characteristics of atopy in the parents. Conclusion, Parent asthma history is an independent risk factor for allergic sensitization in their offspring in a Chinese population. [source] An integrative literature review of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of type II diabetes mellitusJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 17 2008Suzanne G Madden Aims and objectives., An integrative literature review was undertaken to determine what type II diabetes prevention programmes have been evaluated, what type of programme is the most effective and how adherent to lifestyle changes adults are after participating in a prevention programme. Background., Type II diabetes is important because the disease is affecting millions of people worldwide. Obesity and sedentary lifestyles are preventable risk factors for type II diabetes, leading many researchers from around the world to examine different programmes that are focussed on prevention of the disease. Design., Integrative literature review. Method., Search of electronic databases. Results., Diet, exercise, counselling and diet plus exercise were the types of prevention programmes, with the diet plus exercise being the most efficacious. Although many studies demonstrated excellent results initially, maintaining the effects of the lifestyle behaviour change proved to be difficult for participants, with only one study demonstrating the persistence of results after six years. Conclusion., Future research should focus on long-term maintenance programmes, rather than just short-term prevention programmes to determine the need for booster interventions or other means to ultimately decrease the incidence of type II diabetes. Relevance to clinical practice., As front-line healthcare providers working across a broad array of settings, nurses are particularly well-suited to play an integral part in future applications of diabetes prevention programmes. Lifestyle interventions are being delivered in a variety of settings and venues such as the workplace, the Internet and places of worship. In addition, at-risk populations also can be targeted, particularly overweight and obese persons, with at least one parent having type II diabetes or persons with gestational diabetes. [source] The Link Between Couples' Pregnancy Intentions And Behavior: Does It Matter Who Is Asked?PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, Issue 4 2008Maureen R. Waller CONTEXT:,Previous studies have linked pregnancy intentions with some pregnancy-related behaviors and infant health outcomes. However, most have used only women's reports of intentions and examined only maternal behaviors. METHODS:,Baseline data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (1998,2000) are used to examine whether parents of newborns considered abortion upon learning of the pregnancy and whether this measure of pregnancy intention is associated with their behaviors during pregnancy or with infant birth weight. Associations between outcomes and each parent's pregnancy intention are explored with multivariate probit regressions or least squares regressions for 737 married and 2,366 unmarried couples. RESULTS:,If at least one parent considered abortion, unmarried mothers had a significantly reduced probability of initiating early prenatal care, and unmarried fathers had a significantly reduced probability of providing cash or in-kind support during the pregnancy. The proportion of mothers receiving care in the first trimester was 12 percentage points lower when the mother only or both parents considered abortion than when neither parent did; depending on which parent reported on fathers' support during pregnancy, the proportion of fathers who provided cash or in-kind assistance was 6,10 percentage points lower when the father only considered abortion and 6,14 points lower when both parents considered abortion than when neither did. CONCLUSIONS:,Future research on pregnancy intentions should incorporate both men and women. Understanding men's pregnancy intentions and their associations with early support of mothers may inform discussions of how to encourage men's involvement in family planning, prenatal health care and parenting. [source] Molecular data reveal that the tetraploid Tragopogon kashmirianus (Asteraceae: Lactuceae) is distinct from the North American T. mirusBOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 3 2008EVGENY V. MAVRODIEV Tragopogon kashmirianus (Asteraceae: Lactuceae) (2n = 24) was described based on collections from Kashmir. The tetraploid is morphologically similar to allotetraploid T. mirus from North America that has formed in western North America from the introduced T. dubius (2n = 12) and T. porrifolius (salsify; 2n = 12). Singh and Kachroo (1976) suggested that T. kashmirianus might have formed from the same diploid parental combination as T. mirus. To determine this, we investigated internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS, ETS) and five plastid regions of T. kashmirianus and species reported from Kashmir, northern India and neighbouring countries (T. badachschanicus, T. longirostris, T. porrifolius, T. pratensis, T. orientalis, T. subalpinus, T. trachycarpus, T. gracilis and T. dubius). Molecular data indicate that the parents of T. kashmirianus are not the European T. porrifolius and T. dubius. The exact parentage of T. kashmirianus is still unclear, but if it is an allotetraploid, at least one parent is a species native to Kashmir/India. Alternatively, it may represent an autopolyploid, again with the diploid parent native to Kashmir/India. We also found that ,T. dubius' from Kashmir is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from collections of T. dubius from Europe and probably represents a previously unrecognized species. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 391,398. [source] | ||||||||||