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Lateral Incisors (lateral + incisor)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	97%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Endodontics	13%
Periodontology	8%

Kinds of Lateral Incisors

maxillary lateral incisor

upper lateral incisor

Selected Abstracts

Maxillary Lateral Incisor With Two Roots

AUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2001
Dr Ian J. Collins BDSc
ABSTRACT Variations in root canal morphology can lead to complications in endodontic treatment. A case of a maxillary lateral incisor with two roots is reported. [source]

Managing Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors.

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2005
Part III: Single-Tooth Implants
ABSTRACT Three treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors. They include canine substitution, a tooth-supported restoration, and a single-tooth implant. Selecting the appropriate treatment option depends on the malocclusion, anterior relationship, specific space requirements, and condition of the adjacent teeth. The ideal treatment is the most conservative option that satisfies individual esthetic and functional requirements. Today, the single-tooth implant has become one of the most common treatment alternatives for the replacement of missing teeth. This article closely examines the many interdisciplinary issues that arise when treatment planning the placement of single-tooth implants in patients with congenitally missing lateral incisors. The specific criteria that must be evaluated illustrate the importance of an interdisciplinary treatment approach to achieve optimal esthetics and long-term predictability. This is the final article of a three-part series discussing the three treatment alternatives for replacing congenitally missing lateral incisors. [source]

Managing Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors.

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2005
Part I: Canine Substitution
ABSTRACT Dentists often encounter patients with missing or malformed teeth. The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are three treatment options that exist for replacing missing lateral incisors. They include canine substitution, a tooth-supported restoration, or a single-tooth implant. Selecting the appropriate option depends on the mal-occlusion, specific space requirements, tooth-size relationship, and size and shape of the canine. The ideal treatment is the most conservative option that satisfies individual esthetic and functional requirements. Often the ideal option is canine substitution. Although the orthodontist positions the canine in the most esthetic and functional location, the restorative dentist often needs to place a porcelain veneer or crown to re-create normal lateral incisor shape and color. This article closely examines patient selection and illustrates the importance of interdisciplinary treatment planning to achieve optimal esthetics. It is the first in a three-part series discussing the three treatment alternatives for replacing missing lateral incisors. [source]

Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of the Maxillary Anterior Dentition

JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2009
STEPHEN J. CHU DMD
ABSTRACT Purpose:, The location of the gingival zenith in a medial-lateral position relative to the vertical tooth axis of the maxillary anterior teeth remains to be clearly defined. In addition, the apex of the free gingival margin of the lateral incisor teeth relative to the gingival zeniths of the adjacent proximal teeth remains undetermined. Therefore, this investigation evaluated two clinical parameters: (1) the gingival zenith position (GZP) from the vertical bisected midline (VBM) along the long axis of each individual maxillary anterior tooth; and (2) the gingival zenith level (GZL) of the lateral incisors in an apical-coronal direction relative to the gingival line joining the tangents of the GZP of the adjacent central incisor and canine teeth under healthy conditions. Materials and Methods:, A total of 240 sites in 20 healthy patients (13 females, 7 males) with an average age of 27.7 years were evaluated. The inclusion patient criteria were absence of periodontal disease, gingival recession, or gingival hypertrophy as well as teeth without loss of interdental papillae, spacing, crowding, existing restorations, and incisal attrition. GZP dimensions were measured with calibrated digital calipers for each individual tooth and within each tooth group in a medial-lateral direction from the VBM. GZLs were measured in an apical-coronal direction from a tangent line drawn on the diagnostic casts from the GZPs of the adjacent teeth. Results:, This study demonstrated that all central incisors displayed a distal GZP from the VBM, with a mean average of 1 mm. Lateral incisors showed a deviation of the gingival zenith by a mean of 0.4 mm. In 97.5% of the canine population, the GZP was centralized along the long axis of the canine. The mean distance of the contour of the gingival margin in an apical-coronal direction of the lateral incisors (GZL) relative to gingival line joining the tangent of the adjacent central and canine GZPs was approximately 1 mm. Conclusion:, This investigation revealed a GZP mean value of 1 mm distal from the VBM for the central incisor tooth group. The lateral incisors showed a mean average of 0.4 mm. Thecanine tooth group demonstrated almost no deviations of the GZP from the VBM. The GZL of the lateral incisors relative to the adjacent central incisor and canine teeth were more coronal by approximately 1 mm. These data could be used as reference points during esthetic anterior oral rehabilitation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The information presented in this article can be clinically applied to reestablish the proper intratooth GZPs of the maxillary anterior teeth during periodontal crown lengthening or root coverage procedures. In addition, the intra-arch gingival level of the lateral incisor gingival zenith relative to the adjacent central and canine teeth can be appropriately established. [source]

The interdental gingiva, a visible guide for placement of mini-implants

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009
YS Chun
Structured Abstract Authors,,, Chun YS, Lee SK, Wikesjö UME, Lim WH Objectives,,, To determine whether the tip of the interdental gingiva can serve as a visible guide for placement of mini-implants. Setting and Sample population,,, Computer tomography (CT) images from 15 males and 15 females (mean age 27 years, range: 23,35 years) were used to evaluate the distance from the tip of the interdental gingiva to the alveolar crest from the central incisor to the 1st molar. The distance from a reference point to the tip of interdental gingiva was recorded from study models using a caliper. The distance between the reference point and the alveolar crest was recorded using CT and added to the model recordings thus providing the distance from the tip of interdental gingiva to the alveolar crest for the various interdental sites. Two-way anova and Student,Newman,Keuls test for multiple comparisons were used for the statistical analysis. Results,,, There was no significant difference in the distance from the tip of interdental gingiva to the alveolar crest between maxilla and mandible. The distance between the tip of interdental gingiva and the alveolar crest at the central/lateral incisors was the shortest compared with that of other sites. There was also a statistically significant difference between the male and female groups except for the maxillary 2nd premolar/1st molar interradicular site. Conclusion,,, The tip of interdental gingiva appears a reasonable visual guide for the placement of mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage. [source]

Multidisciplinary treatment approach for crown fracture and crown-root fracture , a case report

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2007
Wilson Roberto Poi
Abstract,,, The increased incidence of traumatic injuries to anterior teeth is a consequence of leisure activities, where the most common injuries are crown fractures. Treatment of the dental trauma is complex and requires a comprehensive and accurate diagnostic and treatment plan. It is also important to consider the biological, functional, esthetic and economic aspects, as well as the patient's desire. The purpose of this article is to report a case that shows the multidisciplinary approach required to successfully manage the rehabilitation of a maxillary central incisor with a complex crown fracture and a maxillary lateral incisor, that at first presented an oblique crown-root fracture, and after the orthodontic extrusion, suffered a more apical new crown-root fracture. [source]

Immediate surgical repositioning following intrusive luxation: a case report and review of the literature

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
H. Cem Güngör
Abstract,,, This report presents a case of severe intrusive luxation of mature maxillary lateral incisor in a 10-year-old boy. The intruded tooth was immediately repositioned (surgical extrusion) and splinted within 2 h following injury. Tetracycline therapy was initiated at the time of repositioning and maintained for 10 days. Pulp removal and calcium hydroxide treatment of the root canal was carried out after repositioning. Splint was removed 1 month later. Definitive root canal treatment with gutta percha was accomplished at the second month recall. Clinical and radiographic examination 28 months after the surgical extrusion revealed satisfactory apical and periodontal healing. [source]

The lateral periodontal cyst: aetiology, clinical significance and diagnosis

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
N. P. Kerezoudis
Abstract , The lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is a relatively uncommon but widely recognized odontogenic cyst of developmental origin. It is found mostly in adults and has no sex predilection. LPC is usually discovered during routine radiographic examination, is located mainly between the roots of vital mandibular canines and premolars, and seldom causes pain or other clinical symptoms. The defect appears on radiographs as a round or teardrop-shaped, well circumscribed radiolucency. Due to its location it can easily be misdiagnosed as a lesion of endodontic origin. In this paper, two cases of lateral periodontal cysts are presented. In the first case, the patient (woman, 62 years old) complained of an asymptomatic gingival swelling in the region between the right maxillary canine and premolar. The radiographic examination revealed a well circumscribed radiolucency with a radiopaque margin between the roots of the canine and premolar. The adjacent teeth had vital pulp. Surgical enucleation of the lesion was performed and the histological examination revealed that the lesion was a "lateral periodontal cyst of developmental origin". In the second case, the patient (woman, 44 years old) compained of a swelling in the area of tooth 32. During radiographic examination a well circumscribed radiolucency between the roots of the lateral incisor and the canine was discovered. Surgical enucleation of the lesion was performed and the histological examination revealed that the lesion was a "lateral periodontal cyst of developmental origin". [source]

Step-wise treatment of two periodontal-endodontic lesions in a heavy smoker

INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 11 2008
C. Walter
Abstract Aim, To report a clinical case of two advanced periodontal-endodontic lesions with a focus on treatment issues related to tobacco use. Summary, A 53-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the School of Dentistry, Basel, Switzerland, for periodontal treatment. The major diagnoses were chronic (smoker) periodontitis and advanced combined periodontal-endodontic lesions on the mandibular left lateral incisor and right incisor. Conventional root canal treatment was performed, and subsequently led to reduced radiolucencies around the affected roots after 14 months. The remaining osseous defect was augmented by guided tissue regeneration using bovine bone substitute and resorbable membrane. The follow-up revealed a stable situation from clinical (probing depth 2,4 mm) and radiological points of view 32 months after initiation of treatment. Treatment considerations related to tobacco use are discussed. Key learning points, ,,After conventional root canal treatment, osseous healing should occur before further complementary therapy is taken into account. ,,Issues related to tobacco use have to be considered before treatment is initiated. [source]

Concomitant developmental dental anomalies in Chinese children with dens evaginatus

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2006
S. Y. CHO
Summary., Aim., To determine the prevalence of concomitant developmental dental anomalies in a group of Chinese children with dens evaginatus. Methods., The dental records and orthopantomograms of 10,15 year old children and adolescents who had been diagnosed with dens evaginatus in a school dental clinic were reviewed retrospectively. Results., Four hundred and forty-eight of 7102 (6·3%) children were found to have dens evaginatus. Concomitant developmental dental anomalies were found in 77 children (17·2%). The most commonly seen dental anomalies in the study population were hypodontia, hyperdontia, microdontic maxillary lateral incisor, and dental impaction. The prevalence of these anomalies did not differ significantly to that found in the general Chinese population. When analysed separately, however, the prevalence of supernumerary premolars was found to be higher in children with dens evaginatus than in the general population, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0·01). Conclusion., Supernumerary premolars appeared to be more prevalent in Chinese children with dens evaginatus than in the general population. There may be an association of supernumerary premolars with dens evaginatus in this study population. [source]

Palatally displaced upper lateral incisors: relapse after orthodontic treatment and its correlation with dentoskeletal morphology

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2000
M. Okamoto
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the relapse tendency of the palatally positioned upper lateral incisor differs in patients treated with or without premolar extraction, and if there is any correlation between the amount of upper lateral incisor relapse and pretreatment dentoskeletal morphology or post-treatment changes. Forty-six patients with bilateral palatally displaced upper laterals who also exhibit maxillary dental constriction were separated into two groups: a premolar extraction (30 cases) group and a non-extraction (16 cases) group. All subjects had undergone orthodontic treatment with quad helix and edgewise appliances, followed by a 2-year retention period. Differences in the amount of the upper lateral incisor relapse and their correlations with the dentoskeletal morphology before and after treatment were determined on the lateral and postero-anterior cephalograms and dental casts. Results revealed that the upper lateral incisor relapse in the extraction group was significantly greater (p=0.0002) than the relapse in the non-extraction group. There was a positive correlation between incisor relapse and the distance of lateral incisor movement in both groups (r=0.539; p=0.030). Relapse in the non-extraction group was correlated with the widths of the upper dental arch (r,,0.507, p,0.044), with the naso-maxillary variables before treatment (r=,0.514, p=0.041), and also with changes in the upper inter-premolar and inter-molar widths during retention (r=0.514, p=0.040). [source]

Primary tooth emergence in Australian children: timing, sequence and patterns of asymmetry

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010
S Woodroffe
Abstract Background:, Information on the timing and sequence of human tooth emergence is valuable when analysing human growth and development, predicting the age of individuals, and for understanding the effects of genetic and environmental influences on growth processes. This paper provides updated data on the timing and sequence of primary tooth emergence in Australian children for both clinicians and researchers. Methods:, Twins were recruited from around Australia with data collected through parental recording of twins' primary tooth emergence. One twin from each pair was then randomly selected to enable the calculation of descriptive statistics for timing, sequence and asymmetry in tooth emergence. Results:, The first and last primary teeth emerged, on average, at 8.6 months and 27.9 months, respectively, with teeth emerging in the order: central incisor, lateral incisor, first molar, canine, second molar. Left-side antimeric teeth were more likely to emerge before their right-side counterparts but this was not statistically significant. At least 35% of all antimeric pairs had emerged within two weeks of each other, serving as a useful guideline for assessing symmetrical versus asymmetrical development. Conclusions:, Primary tooth emergence in Australian twins is occurring later than reported previously for Australian singletons but is consistent with findings for singletons in other ethnic groups. The most common sequence of primary tooth emergence appears to be consistent in twins and singletons and has not changed over time. [source]

Alignment of transposed mandibular lateral incisor and canine using removable appliances

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009
E Canoglu
Abstract The purpose of this paper was to present the management of a rarely encountered transposition anomaly involving the mandibular permanent lateral incisor and the canine. In the literature, the treatment of this type of anomaly involves fixed orthodontic appliances. The treatment of the present case, however, was performed with removable appliances. Transposition of the permanent mandibular right lateral incisor and the permanent mandibular right canine was detected in a 12 year old girl. The primary mandibular right canine was extracted to enable the distal movement of the permanent lateral incisor by the eruption force of the permanent canine. The transposed teeth were then aligned in the arch by using removable appliances. The forms of the teeth were changed with each other with composite restorations. [source]

An unusual healing of a replanted permanent lateral incisor

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009
P Arrow
Abstract Background:, Continued development and healing of an immature permanent tooth root was reported to have occurred. The continued viability of Hertwig's root sheath was thought to be necessary and responsible. Continued development of a tooth root separate from the body of the tooth was reported, but the initiation and development associated with a replanted tooth was not observed. Methods:, A 9-year-old boy sustained an avulsion injury to his upper right lateral incisor. The tooth was replanted within 5,10 minutes of the incident and was splinted approximately 30 minutes after the injury, and then monitored for 2.25 years. Results:, The periodontal tissues healed well. Root development was arrested with calcific deposit evident in the pulp canal. A radio-opaque structure, apical to the tooth root, was seen to develop on the radiograph 11 weeks after the initial trauma. The opaque mass continued to develop over the next two years of observation. Conclusions:, Immature permanent tooth roots show remarkable reparative powers. Clinicians need to be vigilant and close continued monitoring of traumatized immature teeth is recommended. [source]

Conservative treatment of a cervical horizontal root fracture and a complicated crown fracture: a case report

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008
I Belobrov
Abstract This case report describes successful long-term conservative management of a cervical root fracture and a complicated crown fracture of the maxillary central incisors in a 12-year-old patient. A mineral trioxide aggregate partial pulpotomy was performed on the maxillary right central incisor, while the maxillary left central incisor was splinted to the neighbouring lateral incisor using an acid-etch technique. Both teeth remained asymptomatic throughout the 3.5 years of a review period, with the cervical root fracture having mostly healed with the formation of a calcified tissue between the fragments. Two different treatment methods were used for two different injuries that resulted in pulp preservation in both cases. This in turn has provided for normal root development to occur while also allowing for preservation of bone. [source]

Maxillary Lateral Incisor With Two Roots

Orthodontic rehabilitation for anterior teeth lost due to trauma with crowding malocclusion

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Masayoshi Kawakami
The central incisors were immediately replaced and fixed with application of a semi-rigid splint for 12 days, then endodontically treated. Severe root resorption and degeneration of periodontal tissue were noted after 4 years and the teeth were extracted, while the patient had also developed maxillary protrusion with severe crowding in the lower arch. The treatment objectives were to close the spaces by mesial movement of the buccal segment in the upper arch and eliminate crowding by extraction of the lower bicuspids. Favorable occlusion was achieved as was substitution with the lateral incisors for the lost central teeth. [source]

An evaluation of the Periotest® method as a tool for monitoring tooth mobility in dental traumatology

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Christine Berthold
The aims of this study were to determine normal Periotest® values in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of periodontally healthy teeth in individuals aged 20,35 years and investigate the reliability of Periotest® in terms of intra-series and inter-series reproducibility before and after applying a dental trauma splint in vivo. Materials and methods:, Periotest® values were measured in periodontally healthy dental students (n = 33; mean age 24.7 years) at reproducible measuring points in the vertical and horizontal dimensions, before and after splint insertion. Three readings were taken per series to observe the intra-series reproducibility; three series were measured to test inter-series reproducibility (Friedman-test; P , 0.001). Two different wire-composite splints, 0.45 mm Dentaflex and 0.8 × 1.8 Strengtheners, were inserted and the Periotest® values were measured. Results:, The median Periotest® values before splinting were: canines -2.5, lateral incisors -0.9, and central incisors 0.0 for the vertical dimension, and canines 1.1, lateral incisors 3.2, and central incisors 3.6 for the horizontal dimension. The intra-series and inter-series Periotest® values were highly reproducible. Conclusion:, The Periotest® method provides highly reproducible results. Focused on dental trauma, the method can be applied diagnostically during the splint and follow-up period and for evaluating splint rigidity. [source]

Single-tooth implant treatment in the anterior region of the maxilla for treatment of tooth loss after trauma: a retrospective clinical and interview study

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
Lars Andersson
Abstract,,, The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of single-tooth implant treatment in patients where teeth have been lost as a result of trauma. Also, the patients' and professionals' opinions regarding the final outcome of treatment were assessed. Thirty-four patients with 42 lost teeth were evaluated by clinical and radiographic examinations and interviews 2,5 years after treatment. A professional who had not taken part in the treatment evaluated the implant crowns. Central maxillary incisors were the most frequently lost and replaced teeth after trauma (75%) followed by lateral incisors (21%). In patients with incomplete growth, implant treatment was generally postponed until completion of growth. Lack of space was treated by presurgical orthodontics (7%) or by selecting an implant with a reduced diameter (5%). Deficiency of bone was seen in 17% and was treated by bone grafting or local augmentation prior to implant surgery. Patients who had lost two or more teeth after trauma were all subjected to bone grafting. Preservation of roots in the alveolar process seemed to maintain the bone volume enabling better conditions for later implant placement. Forty-one implants (97.6%) were integrated successfully. Complications were few and of minor importance (9.5% before and 12% after cementation of crowns) and could all be managed. No or minimal bone loss was seen. In general, the patients felt that they received good care and that they were well informed about their treatment. Some patients reported that the local anesthesia procedure was not pain-free, but 71% of the patients experienced the treatment as pain-free. For each of the variables (color, shape, height, and size of the crowns), the highest degree of satisfaction was noted in 93,98% of the patients and 91,95% of the single evaluating professional. Given that the patients have finished growth and a careful treatment planning and timing are performed, the functional and esthetical outcome of single-tooth implant treatment today is excellent and can be recommended for replacing tooth losses after trauma in the anterior region of the maxilla. [source]

Dental erosion in Cuban children associated with excessive consumption of oranges

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2000
Walter Künzel
Marked erosion at the mesial edges of upper front teeth was observed during an examination of Cuban children. The preferential erosion of mesial edges produced characteristic V-shaped defects on upper central incisors, and the aim of the present study, carried out on 12-yr-old children (N=1010) in 10 communities in the Province of Havana was to establish the frequency of dental erosion and explain its occurrence. The symmetrical erosion of teeth 11 and 21 (excluding crown injuries and attrition) were clinically classified into four grades: 0.5=objectionable; 1=abnormal mesial shortening of incisal edges; 2=V-shaped defect of cutting edges; 3=exposure of dentine and extension of the erosive defect to the lateral incisors. In four of the communities, children did not show or rarely showed incisal erosion. In the other six communities, the frequency was surprisingly high (16.6,40.9%). Overall, 17.4% of children exhibited erosion, and the occurrence was significantly higher in girls (20.7%) than in boys (15.0%). The typical V-shaped pattern of erosion seems to be a consequence of the manner in which citrus fruits are eaten. There was also a positive correlation between the frequency of dental erosion and the proximity of citrus plantations, which presumably related to the extent of (daily) orange consumption. [source]

Agenesis of permanent teeth in 8138 Danish schoolchildren: prevalence and intra-oral distribution according to gender

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2009
STEEN RØLLING
Objective., The purpose of this study was to describe agenesis of permanent teeth in children with respect to prevalence and intra-oral distribution according to gender. Methods and subjects., The study was population based and included all children in one district of the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, in 1974,1979 (1657 girls and 1668 boys) and 1992,2002 (2409 girls and 2404 boys). The children underwent systematical clinical and radiographic examination. Results., The period prevalence rates were almost identical for the two time periods (1972,1979: 7.8%; 1992,2002: 7.1%). Girls were affected more frequently than boys, and affected girls had more congenitally missing teeth than affected boys. Unilateral agenesis of the second premolars was more frequent than bilateral agenesis. In children with only one congenitally missing tooth, agenesis of the upper lateral incisors was asymmetrical in girls, but not in boys, whereas the opposite was true for the lower second premolars in boys. Conclusion., The prevalence of agenesis of permanent teeth in Danish schoolchildren seems to be constant over time, and similar to that found in other large, population-based studies. Intra-oral distributions of congenitally missing teeth indicate gender-specific patterns. [source]

Variations in number and morphology of permanent teeth in 7-year-old Swedish children

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2001
B. Bäckman
Summary.Objectives. To establish the prevalence of numerical and morphological variations of permanent teeth in Swedish 7-year-olds and to accept or reject the hypothesis of a higher prevalence for these conditions in northern Sweden compared to other areas. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Department of Odontology/Pedodontics, Umeå University, Sweden. Sample and methods. A total of 739 healthy Caucasian 7-year-olds residing in the city of Umeå, northern Sweden in 1976. The children were examined clinically and radiographically. Results. The prevalence of hypodontia (excluding third molars) in girls was 8·4%, in boys 6·5%, and in both sexes combined 7·4%. Of the children with hypodontia, the majority (90·9%) lacked one or two teeth. Lower second premolars were the teeth most frequently missing. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 1·9%; 11 girls and three boys were affected; 78% of the supernumerary teeth were mesiodenses. Of the morphological variations, peg-shaped upper lateral incisors were found in 0·8% of the children, double-formation (gemination) in 0·3%, taurodontism in 0·3% and dens invaginatus in 6·8%. One diagnosis was found in 18% of the children, and in almost 8% of them more than one diagnosis was found. Conclusions. The results agree with those obtained in similar populations and are considered representative of this ethnic group. The hypothesis of a genetically determined higher prevalence of numerical and morphological variations in the study population was not verified. [source]

Cytokine levels in crevicular fluid are less responsive to orthodontic force in adults than in juveniles

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2002
Yijin Ren
Abstract Objectives:, Bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement is related to the expression of mediators in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). No information is available concerning the effect of age on the levels of these mediators in GCF. The purpose of this study was to quantify three mediators (prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6 and granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) in GCF during orthodontic tooth movement in juveniles and adults. Material and methods:, A total of 43 juvenile patients (mean age 11 ± 0.7 year), and 41 adult patients (mean age 24 ± 1.6 year) took part in the study. One of the lateral incisors of each patient was tipped labially, the other served as control. GCF samples were taken before force activation (t0) and 24 h later (t24). Mediator levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: PGE2 concentrations were significantly elevated at t24 in juveniles and adults, while concentrations of IL-6 and GM-CSF were significantly elevated only in juveniles. Total amounts of all three mediators in GCF significantly increased at t24 in both groups. Conclusions:, In early tooth movement, mediator levels in juveniles are more responsive than levels in adults, which agrees with the finding that the initial tooth movement in juveniles is faster than in adults and starts without delay. Zusammenfassung Cytokinlevel in der krevikulären Flüssigkeit sind weniger veränderbar bei Erwachsenen als bei Jugendlichen infolge orthodontischer Kräfte Ziele: Knochenremodellation während orthodontischer Zahnbewegung steht in Beziehung zur Expression von Mediatoren in der gingivalen Sulkusflüssigkeit (GCF). Es gibt keine Informationen bezüglich des Effektes von Alter auf die Level dieser Mediatoren in der GCF. Der Zweck dieser Studie war die Quantifizierung von drei Mediatoren (Prostaglandin E2, Interleukin-6 und Granulozyten-Makrophagen-Kolonien-stimulierender Faktor) in der GCF während orthodontischer Zahnbewegung bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Material und Methoden: Insgesamt 43 jugendliche Patienten (mittleres Alter 11±0.7 Jahre) und 41 erwachsene Patienten (mittleres Alter 24±1.6 Jahre) nahmen an der Studie teil. Einer der lateralen Schneidezähne jedes Patienten wurde nach labial gekippt, der andere diente als Kontrolle. GCF Proben wurden vor der Aktivation (t0) und 24 h später (t24) gewonnen. Die Mediatorenlevel wurden mit Radioimmunoassay (RIA) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die PGE2 Konzentrationen waren signifikant zum Zeitpunkt t24 bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen erhöht, während die Konzentrationen von IL-6 und GM-CSF nur bei Jugendlichen signifikant erhöht waren. Die totale Menge der drei Mediatoren in der GCF nahmen signifikant zum Zeitpunkt t24 in beiden Gruppen zu. Schlussfolgerungen: In der frühen Zahnbewegung sind die Mediatorenlevel bei Jugendlichen mehr veränderbar als bei Erwachsenen. Dies stimmt überein mit der Beobachtung, dass die initiale Zahnbewegung bei Jugendlichen schneller als bei Erwachsenen ist und ohne Verspätung beginnt. Résumé Les niveaux de cytokine dans le fluide gingival répondent moins aux forces orthodontiques chez l'adulte que chez les jeunes. Objectifs: Le remodelage osseux lors des mouvements dentaires orthodontiques est en relation avec l'expression des médiateurs dans le fluide gingival (GCF). Aucune information n'est disponible sur les effets de l'âge sur les niveaux de ces médiateurs dans le GCF. Le but de cette étude était de quantifier 3 médiateurs (la prostaglandine E-2, L'interleukine-6 et le facteur de stimulation des colonies de macrophage et de granulocyte) dans le GCF pendant un mouvement orthodontique chez des jeunes et chez des adultes. Matériels et méthodes: 43 jeunes patients (en moyenne âgés de 11±0.7 ans) et 41 patients adultes (en moyenne âgés de 24±1.6 ans) prirent part à cette étude. Une des incisives latérale de chaque patient fut versée vestibulairement, l'autre servant de contrôle. Des échantillons de GCF furent prélevés avant l'activation de la force (t0) et 24 heures plus tard (t24). Le niveau de cytokine fut déterminé par radioimmunoassay. Résultats: Les concentrations de PgE-2 étaient significativement élevées à t24 chez les jeunes et les adultes, alors que les concentrations de IL-6 et de GM-CSF étaient significativement augmentées seulement chez les jeunes. La quantité totale des 3 médiateurs dans le GCF augmentait significativement à t24 dans chaque groupe. Conclusions: Rapidement après l'application des mouvements dentaires, les niveaux de médiateurs chez les jeunes répondent plus que chez l'adulte, ce qui est en accord avec les résultats qui montrent que le mouvement initial dentaire chez les jeunes est plus rapide que chez les adultes et débute sans délai. [source]

Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of the Maxillary Anterior Dentition

Managing Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors.

Tooth mortality in smokers and nonsmokers in a selected population in Sana'a, Yemen

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008
F. H. Al-Bayaty
Background and Objective:, Tobacco smoking has been shown to be a major risk factor for tooth loss. The present study was designed to examine tooth mortality and the patterns of tooth loss in smokers and nonsmokers over a wide age range in a selected population from Sana'a, Yemen. Material and Methods:, A total of 2506 persons between the ages of 15 and 64 years were examined, and every permanent tooth was assessed. Missing teeth included both extracted and missing teeth. Individuals currently smoking one or more boxes of cigarettes (20 cigarettes) a day for 5 years were considered as smokers, whereas individuals with no smoking history were considered as nonsmokers. Results:, Smokers had a higher mean tooth loss than nonsmokers. The difference was statistically significant at p < 0.001. Mean tooth loss was significantly higher in smokers across all age groups, except for those in the 45,54 years age group. Smokers had a significantly higher mean upper tooth loss than nonsmokers. Tooth loss decreased from the incisors to the canines and then increased, with peak loss in the first molars. Conclusion:, Tooth loss among smokers is significantly higher than among nonsmokers. The central incisors, lateral incisors and first molars were the most commonly missing teeth in smokers, compared with nonsmokers. [source]

The acute effects of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on gingival blood flow in man

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2001
Antonios Mavropoulos
Snuff-induced blood flow responses in the gingiva were evaluated in 22 healthy casual consumers of tobacco. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to measure blood flow simultaneously and continuously on two gingival sites (buccal aspect of the papillae between the upper lateral incisors and canines). In addition, measurements of skin blood flow in the forehead and palmar side of the left thumb were performed. Arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were also recorded. Unilateral application of commercial snuff (500 mg, 1%) caused a marked and rapid increase in gingival blood flow (GBF) on the exposed side (p<0.001). Blood flow increased also in the contralateral gingiva and forehead skin (p<0.05). Skin blood flow in the thumb showed an insignificant decrease. BP and HR increased. Vascular conductance increased significantly in the snuff-exposed gingiva but not in the contralateral gingiva or the forehead. Vascular conductance was largely unaffected in the thumb. It is concluded that acute application of snuff, besides giving rise to typical changes in BP and HR, increases GBF in and around the exposed area, probably through activation of sensory nerves and the subsequent release of vasodilatory peptides from their peripheral endings. Blood flow in unexposed gingival and forehead skin may increase probably due to humoral or nervously mediated mechanisms. However, a passive pressure-induced hyperaemia in the unexposed gingiva and forehead skin can not be excluded. [source]

Immediate Maxillary Lateral Incisor Implants with Nonocclusal Loading Provisional Crowns

JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 1 2008
Miguel Peñarrocha MD
Abstract This clinical report series describes a treatment modality involving immediately placed dental implants in maxillary lateral incisor sites using noncemented immediate provisional crowns retained with calcinable copings (prosthetic complement used in preparing the metal for the definitive prosthesis). Ten implants were placed in eight patients for the replacement of maxillary lateral incisors: two immediate and eight corresponding to cases of agenesis. All were subjected to immediate rehabilitation with provisional acrylic resin crowns in nonocclusal loading. One implant failed 3 weeks after placement due to acute local trauma. The other nine remained functional within the mouth, with normal clinical and radiological characteristics after a minimum of 12-month follow-up. Immediate placement of implant fixed provisional restorations retained by friction in maxillary lateral incisors offers an esthetic solution, eliminates the need for a removable provisional restoration, and avoids implant failures associated with excess cement or screw loosening. Moreover, in the case of extractions, immediate placement and provisionalization of implants in maxillary lateral incisors can effectively optimize the peri-implant esthetic results by maintaining the existing hard and soft tissue architecture of the replaced tooth. As no cement or screws are required, and the provisional crowns are placed in nonocclusal loading, the risk of complications is minimized. [source]

Dentists' preferences of anterior tooth proportion,a Web-based study

JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 3 2000
Stephen F. Rosenstiel BDS
Purpose This study aimed to determine dentists' esthetic preferences of the maxillary anterior teeth as influenced by different proportions. The goal was to link choices to demographic data as to the experience, gender, and training of the dentist. Materials and Methods Computer-manipulated images of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth were generated from a single image and assigned to 5 tooth-height groups (very short, short, normal height, tall, and very tall). For each group, 4 images were generated by manipulating the relative proportion of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines according to the proportions 62% (or "golden proportion"), 70%, 80%, and "normal" or not further altered. The images were randomly ordered on a web page that contained a form asking for demographic data and fields asking for a ranking of the images. Dentists were asked via e-mail to visit the web page and complete the survey. The responses were tabulated and analyzed with repeated measures logistic regression with the alpha at 0.05. A subset of North American respondents was chosen for further analysis. Results A total of 549 valid responses were received and analyzed from dentists in 38 countries. There were statistically significant differences in all groups for the variables of proportion, group (tooth height), and their interaction. The 80% proportion was judged best for the Very Short and Short groups. Three of the choices were almost equally picked for the Normal Height and Tall groups, and the golden proportion was judged best for the Very Tall group. The variables of year of graduation, gender, professional activity, generalist or specialist, or number of patients were not significantly correlated with the choices for the North American respondents. Conclusions Dentists preferred the 80 percent proportion when viewing short or very short teeth and the golden proportion when viewing very tall teeth. Golden proportion was worst for normal height or shorter teeth and the 80% proportion for tall or very tall teeth. They picked no clear-cut best for normal height or tall teeth, and their choices could not be predicted based on gender, specialist training, experience, or patient load. [source]