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Lateral Condensation (lateral + condensation)
Kinds of Lateral Condensation Selected AbstractsEx vivo microscopic assessment of factors affecting the quality of apical seal created by root-end fillingsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 8 2007S. I. Tobón-Arroyave Abstract Aim, (i) To evaluate the incidence of microcracks around root-end preparations completed with ultrasonic tips and their relationship with the root filling technique and thickness of surrounding dentine. (ii) To investigate the effect of rapid exposure to a water-soluble dye of Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), Super Ethoxybenzoic Acid (sEBA) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), on the marginal adaptation and microleakage of root-end fillings. (iii) To describe the microstructure of the surface of root-end filling materials. Methodology, Ninety-two single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups (n = 46) according to the root canal instrumentation/filling techniques. Group 1 consisted of specimens in which canal preparation was completed using a crown-down technique and then filled with the Thermafil system (TF group); Group 2 consisted of specimens in which canal preparation was completed using a step-back technique and lateral condensation (LC group). Following root-end resection and ultrasonic cavity preparation, the samples were further divided into three subgroups (n = 24) for root-end filling with IRM, sEBA or MTA. The ultrasonic preparation time was recorded. Eight teeth were kept as positive and 12 as negative controls. Following immersion in Indian ink for 7 days, all resected root surfaces were evaluated for the presence of microcracks and the cross-sectional area of root-end surface and root-end filling were measured to evaluate the thickness of the dentinal walls. Thereafter, the samples were sectioned longitudinally so as to assess the depth of dye penetration and marginal adaptation of root-end fillings. Negative controls longitudinally sectioned were used to describe microstructural characteristics of the root-end filling materials using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Results, Although the thickness of dentinal walls between groups 1 and 2 was similar, the ultrasonic preparation time and number of microcracks were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the TF group. Both groups had a significant correlation between microcracks and ultrasonic preparation time (P < 0.001). sEBA and IRM had better adaptation and less leakage compared with MTA. A SEM analysis displayed microstructural differences between the root-end filling materials. Conclusion, Microcracks can occur independently of the thickness of dentinal walls and may be associated with the prolonged ultrasonic preparation time required for the removal of the root filling during root-end cavity preparation. Although sEBA and IRM had better behaviour than MTA regarding microleakage and marginal adaptation, it is possible that exposure of MTA to a water-soluble dye before achieving full set and its porous microstructure contributed to the results. [source] The influence of root canal shape on the sealing ability of two root canal sealersINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006A. Juhász Abstract Aim, To evaluate the influence of root canal form on the sealing ability of two root canal sealers. Methodology, Twenty radiographically confirmed straight and 20 curved root canals were prepared with a stepback hand filing technique. Root canal aberrations created during preparation were determined by the use of double exposure radiographic technique. The prepared canals were filled with lateral condensation of gutta-percha and one or other of two root canal sealers (Pulp Canal Sealer and Sealapex). Leakage along the apical 10 mm of roots was measured with a fluid transport model at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month intervals. Results, There were no statistically significant differences between straight and curved root canals (P > 0.05) for prevalence of root canal transportation. The prevalence of apical transportation was 80% in the straight and 85% in the curved root canals. A complete seal was more frequently observed in straight canals compared with curved canals. Utilizing the ,* index, analysis showed the filling with Sealapex allowed more leakage than Pulp Canal Sealer at 1 year. Conclusion, Under the conditions of the study, root canal form influenced short-term sealing ability. In the long-term the seal was affected by the sealer rather than root canal form. [source] A comparison of spreader penetration depth and load required during lateral condensation in teeth prepared using various root canal preparation techniquesINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 8 2005S. F. Dulaimi Abstract Aim, To compare the influence of various root canal preparation techniques on spreader penetration depth and load required during lateral condensation with gutta-percha and sealer. Methodology, Eighty extracted human teeth with single and straight canals were used. Twenty teeth were instrumented using one of four root canal preparation techniques. The four preparation techniques were: step-back technique without Gates-Glidden drills, step-back technique with Gates-Glidden drills, crown-down pressureless technique and hybrid technique (step-down/step-back). After root canal preparation had been completed a simulated periodontal ligament was fabricated from a uniform layer of silicone impression material. The roots were then mounted in an acrylic resin to simulate the physical condition found in tooth socket. A standardized stainless steel hand spreader of the same size as the master apical file was mounted in an Instron testing machine and lateral compaction with gutta-percha and sealer was performed. The load value was recorded from the Instron testing machine. The spreader penetration depths were measured with an endodontic ruler. The data obtained were analysed statistically using anova and Student's t -tests. Results, No significant difference in initial spreader load needed to condense the master cone was found amongst the four canal preparation techniques (P > 0.05). The step-back technique with Gates-Glidden drills and the hybrid technique demonstrated the least difference between the initial spreader penetration and the working length (mean 1.925 and 2.25 mm, respectively). The step-back technique without Gates-Glidden drills and the crown-down pressureless technique had the greatest difference between initial spreader penetration and the working length (mean 4.425 and 4.75 mm, respectively). Conclusion, The flare created by canal preparation affected spreader penetration depth, but had no effect on the spreader load. [source] An evaluation of .06 tapered gutta-percha cones for filling of .06 taper prepared curved root canalsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005M. P. J. Gordon Abstract Aim, To compare the area occupied by gutta-percha, sealer, or void in standardized .06 tapered prepared simulated curved canals and in mesio-buccal canals of extracted maxillary first molars filled with a single .06 gutta-percha point and sealer or lateral condensation of multiple .02 gutta-percha points and sealer. Methodology, Simulated canals in resin blocks with either a 30° curve and radius of 10.5 mm (n = 20) or a 58° curve and 4.7 mm radius (n = 20) and curved mesio-buccal canals of extracted maxillary first molars (n = 20) were prepared using .06 ProFiles® in a variable tip crown-down sequence to an apical size 35 at 0.5 mm from the canal terminus or apical foramen. Ten 30° and 58° curved resin canals and 10 canals in the extracted teeth group were obturated with .02 taper gutta-percha cones and AH 26 sealer using lateral condensation. The time required to obturate was recorded. The remaining canals were obturated with a single .06 taper gutta-percha cone and AH 26 sealer. Excess gutta-percha was removed from the specimens using heat and the warm mass vertically condensed. Horizontal sections were cut at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 4.5, 7.5 and 11.5 mm from the canal terminus or apical foramen. Colour photographs were taken using an Olympus 35 mm camera attached to a stereomicroscope set at ×40 magnification, and then digitized using a flatbed scanner. The cross-sectional area of the canal contents was analysed using Adobe PhotoShop®. The percentage of gutta-percha, sealer or voids to the total root canal area were derived and data analysed using unpaired Student's t -test and the Mann,Whitney U -test. Results, In the 30° curved canals the levels had between 94 and 100% of the area filled with gutta-percha with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the lateral condensation and single cone techniques. In the 58° curved canals the levels had 92,99% of the area filled with gutta-percha, with the single cone technique having significantly (P < 0.05) more gutta-percha fill at the 2.5 mm level only. In the mesio-buccal canals of the teeth the levels had between 72 and 96% of the area filled with gutta-percha with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the lateral condensation and single cone technique. The time for obturation was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for lateral condensation compared with the single cone technique in all groups. Conclusions, The .06 taper single cone technique was comparable with lateral condensation in the amount of gutta-percha occupying a prepared .06 tapered canal. The .06 single cone technique was faster than lateral condensation. [source] Effect of customization of master gutta-percha cone on apical control of obturation using different techniques: an in vitro studyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004S. P. Van Zyl Aims, (i) To compare the prevalence of root filling extrusion placed using three different obturation techniques, each with or without customization of the master gutta-percha cone; and (ii) to investigate the effects of various factors on the prevalence of root filling extrusion. Methodology, A total of 180 roots were selected and randomly allocated into three groups. Five general dental practitioners were recruited; each obturated one group of the roots using three techniques, namely cold lateral condensation (n = 20), Schilder's warm vertical condensation (n = 20) or continuous wave condensation (n = 20). Each technique was completed with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) customization of the master gutta-percha cone using chloroform. Two groups of the roots were recycled to allow all five operators to use them. Two observers examined the preinstrumentation, working length, master apical file and postobturation radiographs, and determined the presence of root filling extrusion and voids independently; they were blinded regarding the obturation technique used. The presence of root filling extrusion was also assessed by inspecting the root apex after obturation. The data were analysed using logistic regression models. Results, A total of 300 root fillings were performed and 291 were included for analysis. Most of the root fillings were placed within 0.5 mm of the working length (80%, n = 233); only 20% (n = 58) were placed >0.5 mm beyond the working length. The odds of prevalence of extrusion >0.5 mm were significantly reduced by approximately 50% when cold lateral condensation (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.99; P = 0.04) or customization of master gutta-percha cone (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.99; P = 0.04) was used. One operator produced 2.5 times more extruded root fillings than the other operators (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.31, 4.78; P = 0.006). Other factors, such as root canal curvature and length, apical size of the prepared canal, as well as the operator's preferred obturation technique, were shown to have no significant influence on the prevalence of extrusion. Conclusions, The prevalence of extrusion was significantly lower when cold lateral condensation and customization of the master cone were used. The ,operator' emerged as a significant factor affecting the prevalence of root filling extrusion. [source] An in vitro comparison of three thermal gutta percha systemsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001M. P. Horrocks Aim,The aim of this study was to compare the ability of three contemporary obturation techniques to resist microleakage, using root canals prepared in extracted single rooted teeth by a standardized method. Methodology,The shaping technique involved the use of tapered nickel titanium rotary files to create a uniform 0.08-mm/mm taper. Six groups were compared, two representing control groups, a third group being obturated with a warm vertical condensation technique, a fourth group by an injection thermoplasticized system, a fifth group with a thermomechanical compaction method and a sixth group using cold lateral condensation. A zinc oxide/eugenol sealer was used as the sealant in all the obturation procedures. Forty-six extracted teeth were used in the study, three teeth in each control group and 10 teeth in each of the remaining four groups. Microleakage was compared using dye leakage with Indian ink. Penetration of the dye at the gutta percha/dentine interface was visualized after the root had been rendered transparent. Dye leakage was then measured from four aspects with the use of a stereomicroscope and export of a digital image to a software package, to facilitate accurate assessment of dye penetration. Two parameters were measured for each sample, the mean dye penetration and maximum dye penetration. Results,The mean values for linear dye leakage in the thermomechanical compaction group was 0.53 mm, the warm vertical condensation group was 0.73 mm, the injection thermoplasticized group was 0.15 mm and the cold lateral condensation group was 0.53 mm. There was no statistical difference between the means of the different groups (P > 0.05). The mean of the maximum values for dye leakage in the thermomechanical compaction group was 0.65 mm, the warm vertical condensation group was 1.02 mm, the injection-thermoplasticized group was 0.28 mm and the cold lateral condensation group was 0.74 mm. There was no statistical difference between the means of the different groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions,Within the conditions of this study, there was no statistical difference between the different groups with respect to either mean or maximum dye leakage. [source] Root canal treatment in general practice in SudanINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2000M. F. Ahmed Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the practice and depth of knowledge of root canal treatment by dental practitioners in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan, in order to improve the current status of endodontic therapy. Methodology A questionnaire was posted to 55 registered dental practitioners. Completed questionnaires were analysed in term of simple summary statistics. Results A total of fifty-two (95%) practitioners responded. Eighty-five per cent of the respondents indicated that they performed root canal treatment for their patients. Of these, 84% included molars in their activity. Amongst those who carried out root canal treatment, only one practitioner used rubber dam for isolation, whilst the remainder used cotton wool rolls. The majority of respondents (80%) used hydrogen peroxide to irrigate canals during treatment. Three-quarters of practitioners used formocresol as an interappointment medicament. The stepback preparation technique was the method of choice for 98% of respondents. All practitioners used hand instruments to prepare root canals and all used gutta-percha for obturation; three-quarters of them used cold lateral condensation for all or some cases. The average number of radiographs routinely taken for root canal treatment was three. Only 73% used radiographs for measuring the working length. Ninety-five per cent of respondents indicated that they usually completed a root filling in three or more visits. Three-quarters of practitioners restored the teeth permanently immediately after the obturation and one-quarter preferred waiting for 1 or 2 weeks. Conclusions In Sudan, there are no dental practices limited to endodontics and no postgraduate training programmes. This survey shows the importance of establishing higher specialist training or continuing dental education for practitioners to update their knowledge. [source] Apical microleakage evaluation of system B compared with cold lateral technique: In vitro studyAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Manal Farea bds Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the apical sealing ability of cold lateral and system B root filling techniques using dye penetration. Eighty-six extracted single-rooted human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into two experimental groups to be obturated by cold lateral condensation (n = 33) and system B (n = 33). The remaining 20 teeth served as positive and negative controls. The roots were embedded for 72 h in methylene blue dye solution and sectioned transversely for dye penetration evaluation using stereomicroscope. The results of this study showed that cold lateral condensation leaked significantly more (P < 0.001) than system B technique. [source] Fluid-transport evaluation of lateral condensation, ProTaper gutta-percha and warm vertical condensation obturation techniquesAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Fani Mahera dds Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of four obturation techniques (lateral condensation, lateral condensation of ProTaper Gutta-percha, single ProTaper Gutta-percha and warm vertical condensation) over a 3-month period. A fluid-transport model was used to measure microleakage. Sixty human-extracted teeth, divided into four groups, were prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments before the root canals were filled by one of the four examined techniques. All groups were obturated using Sultan as a root canal sealer. Microleakage was measured 7 days, 1 month and 3 months after the procedures. There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups at any of examination points (P > 0.05). The leakage was increased in all obturation techniques over the 3-month period. [source] Comparison of the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area obtained by Thermafil and System BAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007G. De-Deus dds Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (GPFA) obtained by Thermafil and System B techniques using light microscopy and digital image processing. Forty-five human mandibular first molars were prepared and obturated as follows: Group 1: lateral condensation (n = 15); Group 2: System B (n = 15); and Group 3: Thermafil system (n = 15). Horizontal sections were cut 4 and 6 mm from the apical foramen of each tooth. The samples were metallographically prepared and taken through photomicrographs. Using digital analysis, the cross-sectional area of the canal and the gutta-percha areas were measured. The GPFA data obtained for the three groups were analysed using the non-parametric Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks tests. Significant differences were found between Group 3 and Group 2,Group 1. No significant difference was found between Group 2 and Group 1. The Thermafil system produced significantly higher GPFAs than lateral condensation and System B techniques (P < 0.01). This result suggests that the Thermafil system can reduce sealer and voids. [source] Coronal sealing ability of three sectional obturation techniques , SimpliFill, Thermafil and warm vertical compaction , compared with cold lateral condensation and post space preparationAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Velayutham Gopikrishna mds Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect post space preparation has on the coronal seal of root canals obturated with cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha compared with the corsonal sealing ability of three sectional obturation techniques not requiring post space preparation. Sixty-eight human maxillary central incisors were divided equally into four groups: cold lateral condensation (Group I), SimpliFill (Group II), Thermafil (Group III) and warm vertical compaction (Group IV). After coronal flaring, all four groups were cleaned and shaped with Lightspeed rotary instruments to a size 60 master apical rotary. After obturation Peeso Reamers were used to create a post space for Group I, while Groups 2, 3 and 4 incorporated the post space in the obturation (sectional technique) and did not require making a post space after obturation. The teeth were then stored in 100% humidity for 1 week and then kept in rhodamine B fluorescent dye for 3 weeks. The teeth were then split open, and the linear dye penetration from a coronal to apical direction (coronal seal) was evaluated with a fluorescent light microscope. Statistical analysis showed that Group I (cold lateral condensation followed by post space made with Peeso Reamers) leaked significantly more (P < 0.05) than the remaining three sectional obturation groups. It was concluded that stresses generated during post space preparation might be detrimental to the seal obtained by the obturation. Sectional obturations with their superior sealing ability offer a viable alternative. [source] | ||||||||||