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Late Third (late + third)
Selected AbstractsThe distribution of republican amphorae in franceOXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2003MATTHEW E. LOUGHTON SummaryRecent research on assemblages of Republican amphorae from France has greatly altered our understanding of the wine trade during the Late Iron Age. However, much of this work, and its implications, are not well known in Britain and this paper aims to disseminate this information by examining the latest evidence concerning the dating and distribution of Republican amphorae (Dressel 1, Lamboglia 2, Brindisi and Republican Ovoid amphorae) in France during the Late Iron Age. In total 1975 findspots of Republican amphorae have been recorded. This includes a significant number of Greco-Italic findspots that testify to an important phase of amphora importation to non-Mediterranean France that possibly started as early as the late third or early second century BC. Parts of southern and central France received an exceptional quantity of Republican amphorae. [source] Paradoxical effects of sublethal exposure to the naturally derived insecticide spinosad in the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegyptiPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 3 2009Gloria E Antonio Abstract BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that spinosad, a mixture of two tetracyclic macrolide compounds produced during the fermentation of a soil actinomycete, may be suitable for controlling a number of medically important mosquito species, including the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L. The authors determined the effects of a 1 h exposure to a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of spinosad in the larval stage on the wing length, longevity and reproductive capacity of the adult survivors. RESULTS: The LC50 of spinosad for a wild-caught population of Ae. aegypti from Chiapas, southern Mexico, was estimated to be 0.06 mg AI L,1 in late third instars. Paradoxically, the female survivors of exposure to this concentration were significantly larger (as determined by wing length) laid more eggs, but were slightly less fertile than control females. This was probably due to elimination of the smaller and more susceptible fraction of mosquito larvae from the experimental population following spinosad treatment. Male survivors, in contrast, were significantly smaller than controls. No significant differences were detected in the adult longevity of treated and control insects of either sex. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in reproductive capacity of spinosad-treated females did not compensate for mortality in the larval stage and would be unlikely to result in population increase in this mosquito under the conditions that were employed. Sustained-release formulations would likely assist in minimizing the occurrence of sublethal concentrations of this naturally derived product in mosquito breeding sites. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Settlement history in the eastern Rub al-Khali: Preliminary Report of the Dubai Desert Survey (2006,2007)ARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 1 2009Jesse Casana Regional archaeological survey in desert areas of Dubai, U.A.E., has identified numerous archaeological sites in this rapidly changing landscape. Subsurface geophysical surveys have been undertaken in concert with surface collection and test excavation to document the extent and chronology of each site. Contrary to expectations that deserts were permanently abandoned following the end of the mid-Holocene pluvial phase around 4000 BC, two sites, Al-Ashoosh and Saruq al-Hadid, show evidence of substantial occupation during the late third and early first millennia respectively. These findings suggest that the Rub al-Khali supported human settlement much later than is generally thought, challenging traditional understandings of the region's cultural and environmental histories. [source] Temperature-dependent development and distribution in the soil profile of pupae of greyback canegrub Dermolepida albohirtum (Waterhouse) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Queensland sugarcaneAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2007David P Logan Abstract, The temperature-dependent development rate of pupae of greyback canegrub, Dermolepida albohirtum (Waterhouse) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a major pest of sugarcane in central and northern Queensland, was determined under six constant temperature regimes: 18, 20, 23, 25, 27 and 30°C, and for four geographically separated populations. Development rate increased significantly with increasing temperature. Parameters of the linear regression equation did not differ among populations and common coefficients were calculated. Developmental zero, at and below which no development occurs, for pupae was 12.0°C and the thermal constant was 476 day-degrees (D°). Minimum and maximum periods for pupal development were 26 days at 30°C and 75 days at 18°C, respectively. The phenology of pupae was determined in soil-filled cubicles in a shade house and in the field at Ayr (19°35,S, 147°25,E), north Queensland, using D. albohirtum field-collected as late-stage third-instar larvae and kept in containers. Pupation of D. albohirtum began in late August or early September and eclosion was complete by mid- to late October. The phenology data were used to validate the development model. Eclosion was predicted by summing hourly fractions of day-degrees until 476 D° was reached and was close to actual eclosion. As temperature, and hence pupal development rate, varies with soil depth, the distribution of the third instars in pupal cells in the soil profile was determined in recently harvested fields of sugarcane in the Burdekin sugarcane district centred on Ayr. Numbers of late third instars in pupal cells peaked at 300,400 mm, with pupae found from 30 to 700 mm. Pupal development was simulated using hourly soil temperatures measured at depths of 200 and 400 mm at Ayr and at Sarina (21°22,S, 149°13,E). The pupal stage was predicted to take up to 2,10 days longer at 200 mm deep than at 400 mm depending on pupation site and date. When pupation was simulated in late August, as is likely in the field, pupal development at 400 mm deep took 48,56 days at Ayr and 58,62 days at Sarina. [source] | ||||||||||